• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.1481-1494
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• 2013

The paper is devoted to the study of finite dimensional complex evolution algebras. The class of evolution algebras isomorphic to evolution algebras with Jordan form matrices is described. For finite dimensional complex evolution algebras the criterium of nilpotency is established in terms of the properties of corresponding matrices. Moreover, it is proved that for nilpotent $n$-dimensional complex evolution algebras the possible maximal nilpotency index is $1+2^{n-1}$.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.83.1-83.1
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• 2007

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.169-180
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• 2014

Surface geological and trench surveys and drilling exploration (total length, 1,100 m; 9 drill holes) were carried out to secure new Au ore bodies in the area($0.96km^2$) of Actosity gold field, where is located at the western Kuldjuktau mineralized district in the middle territory of Uzbekistan. Several Au ore bodies occurring as tabular or lens shapes with thickness of 0.5~35 m were newly discovered on the outcrops and extended to $N40{\sim}70^{\circ}\;W$ direction with dipping of $70{\sim}90^{\circ}$ SW or NE. Indicated ore resource of gold with Au grade of 0.25~3.52 mg/kg was newly estimated by 2,382 t(gold resource of 2.5 t) as a result of 9 drilling exploration in 2010~2012 from the Actosity gold field. Judging from the ore resources and Au grade of the Actosity gold field, economic potentiality of mining development seems to be low. Because of high possibility to secure new ore resources through more detailed exploration works from the Actosity area, the growth of econonic value will be expected by a mine of middle scale.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.13 no.4 s.40
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• pp.19-34
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• 2004

This study examines the dwellings of the Korean diaspora in Maritime Provinces of Russia, and Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan of Central Asia to find the gist of the residence transformed as Korean traditional residence culture to accept Russian foreign culture. Through the examination, transformation process of the dwellings of the Korean diaspora was found as follows: - 1st Period(1864-1937): The Korean diaspora who Immigrated to Maritime Provinces of Russia built traditional houses of Korean style and few of them lived in Russian style houses. - 2nd Period(1937-1955): The Koreans who immigrated to Central Asia from Maritime Provinces under compulsion built 'ground house' by digging the earth and installed gudeul which is a traditional Korean heating system and roofed with reed. - 3rd period(1955-1991): The Koreans built straight lined '-' shape houses with two or three rooms wherein most of them were installed with gudeul to heat the room. Around the 1940s as they economically got well, the Koreans started to build houses with Russian style with one or two rooms with gudeul or a separate building with gudeul. - 4th period(1991-present): Houses of the 3rd period are still used by being enlarged or remodeled with less use of gudeul which is well reflected on Ujeong-maul village in Russia Maritime Provinces. As can be found above, the dwellings of the Korean diaspora in Russia Maritime Provinces and Central Asia are on the process of being transformed into Russian style to adapt to Russian culture.

• Acta Via Serica
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.119-128
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• 2019

This paper attempts to reveal little-known pages from the history of relations between the peoples of Central Asia and Korea based on materials derived from written sources and modern scientific literature, as well as from medieval wall paintings from the early medieval Afrasiab Palace of Varhuman, the ruler of Samarkand, and from stone sculptures of Sogdian figures contained in Silla royal tombs. Korea's interest in the western lands led to its contact with Buddhism, which spread and later flourished in all three Korean kingdoms (Koguryo, Paekche and Silla). The spread of Buddhism in turn motivated a number of Korean monks to undertake pilgrimages to India via Central Asia. Hyecho, a young Silla pilgrim, left evidence of his journey via the South China Sea to India in 723 AD. Paul Pelliot discovered a report from Hyecho's journey entitled Notes on Pilgrimage to Five Regions in India (Wang Wu Tianzhuguo zhuan) in the Dunhuang caves in 1908. Hyecho's contributions are worthy of attention, substantially complementing knowledge available for this little-studied period in the history of South and Central Asia. The information contained in Hyecho's manuscript is, in fact, considered the most significant work of the first half of the 8th century. Research regarding the relationship between Central Asia and Korea remains underdeveloped. Existing historical evidence, however, including the above mentioned Samarkand wall paintings, depicts the visits of two Korean ambassadors to Samarkand, and evidence from Silla tombs suggests the presence of diplomatic relations in addition to trade between the two regions. Overall, the history of the relationship between Central Asia and Korea yields new insights into how and why these distant countries sustained trade and diplomatic and cultural exchange during this early period. Taking into account Korea's growing interest in Uzbekistan, especially in its history and culture, this article can act as a catalyst for studying the history of the two country's relations.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2008

Understanding of the basic characteristics of an astronomical instrument is a prerequisite to obtaining reliable data from the instrument. We have analyzed more than 1,000 calibration images from the Fairchild 486 CCD (hereafter the Maidanak 4k CCD system) attached to the AZT-22 1.5m telescope at Maidanak Astronomical Observatory in Uzbekistan. The Maidanak 4k CCD system supports three readout modes through 1, 2, or 4 amplifiers. In most cases observers use 4-amplifier readout mode to save time. We have tested the stability and seasonal variation of zero levels and confirm that two quadrants of the images (Amp 1 & 2) show no appreciable seasonal variation. but the other two quadrants (Amp 3 & Amp 4) show an evident seasonal variation in the bias level. The Cryo Tiger, the cooling system used at the Maidanak 4k CCD system, maintains the CCD temperature at -108'E, and effectively suppresses the dark electrons. The mean value versus the variance plot of the flat images does not show the expected relation for an ideal Poisson noise distribution and this is attributed to the large variation in quantum efficiency between different pixels. In addition, we confirm that there is no appreciable difference in gain between readout amplifiers, but there is a large variation in quantum efficiency across CCD chip especially in U. Due to the finite length of shutter opening and closing time, the effective exposure time varies across the science images. We introduce two parameters to quantify the effect of this uneven illumination and present a method to remove these effects. We also present a method to remove the interference patterns appearing in the images obtained with longer wavelength filters and investigate the spatial variation of the point spread function.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.463-464
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• 2015

It has been suggested that only the most luminous AGNs ($L{\gtrsim}10^{45}erg/s$) are triggered by galaxy mergers, while less luminous AGNs ($L{\sim}10^{43}erg/s$) are driven by other internal processes. The lack of merging features in low luminosity AGN host galaxies has been a primary argument against the idea of merger triggering of low luminosity AGNs. But a merger, especially a rather minor one, might still have played an important role in low luminosity AGNs, as minor merging features at low luminosities are more difficult to identify than major merging features. Using SNUCAM on the 1.5 m telescope at Maidanak observatory, we obtained deep optical images of NGC 7743, a barred spiral galaxy classified as a Seyfert 2 AGN with a low bolometric luminosity of $5{\times}10^{42}erg/s$. Surprisingly, we discovered a merging feature around the galaxy, which indicates past merging activity in the galaxy. This example indicates that the merging fraction of low luminosity AGNs may be much higher than previously thought, hinting at the importance of galaxy mergers even in low luminosity AGNs.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.108-115
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• 1999

An improvement of methods in fibroin hydrolysates preparat significantly enlarges their applications to practical use. Acidic hydrolysis by hydrohloric acid is one of the methods for silk fibroin depolymeriza6tion. A low yield of final product and long time of the process are the demerits of this method. Possibility of preparation of water-soluble silk hydrolysates with more yield and less expenses is investigated in this study. Such possibility is occurred with the increasing tratment temperature and simultaneously decreasing treatment time, concentration of hydrochoric acid respectively, the concentration of sodium hydroxide used for neutraliza6tion of hydolysates after hydrolysis. Colour is decreased in this case and a small amount of activated, too. Protection of hydrolysates against precipitation after neutraliza6tion, and separation and during concentrating process is the other merit of this method. Creamy-coloured insoluble silk powder is the remainder of hydrolyzed fibroin. This is the only the immobiliza6tion of enzymes and other physiological active substances. Fine particles of this powder can be used as additives for artificial diets and cultural media, as well as raw materials for polymer membranes, etc.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.41.2-41.2
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• 2015

We have performed deep wide-field CCD photometry of the young open cluster IC 1805 in the famous star forming region W4, and obtained photometric data for more than 91,000 stars in the field of IC 1805 based on observations with the 3.6m CFHT and the AZT-22 1.5m telescope at Maidanak Astronomical Observatory in Uzbekistan. The photometric data cover an area $43^{\prime}{\times}45^{\prime}$ which is far larger and far deeper than any other optical observations made for the cluster. In order to select the young stellar objects with mid-IR excess emission, we have performed mid-IR photometry of the cluster using the archival images obtained with the Spitzer Space Telescope IRAC and MIPS instruments. From a preliminary analysis of the data, we determined the reddening law ($R_V=3.02{\pm}0.05$), distance modulus ($V_0-M_V=11.9{\pm}0.2$), and the spatial distribution of members.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.40-54
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• 2015

Tashkent Seoul Park was completed in June, 2014, following the signing of a sisterhood relationship between Seoul City and Tashkent, the capital of Uzbekistan in July, 2010. An open competition for the design of the park was held and, based on the design, the park was completed in June and open to the public in September, 2014. Tashkent Seoul Park is more than a public park in Tashkent. The focus was on making it a starting point for offering a new model for traditional parks of Korea built abroad. Korean gardens and parks built in overseas cities are not only a landscape space but also serve as an ambassador that promotes the culture of Korea to foreigners who are unfamiliar with Korean culture. Therefore, Tashkent Seoul Park was designed to reflect the beauty and uniqueness of Korean traditional landscaping to promote the image of Korea and Seoul. As such, the design and plan was focused on the best measures to make known Korean culture through a design that sets itself apart from the landscape of Uzbekistan. To date, Korean parks or Seoul parks that have been built overseas have focused on the re-enactment of gardens and parks during the Josun Dynasty era. But with the Tashkent Park, the process of the 170,000 people from Goryeo was also reflected onto the design so that the culture and sensibilities of old Goryeo could be felt as well. Korean traditional garden design elements for the representation of the Korean identity are taken from the pilot study. This design element includes not only that of Goryeo, but also the Josun Dynasty era to allow local people to experience a general Korean traditional garden. The traditional beauty and lyricism of Korea was presented to Central Asia through the park in Tashkent so that the citizens could feel the simple yet down-to-earth beauty of Korean aesthetics. As such, the spatial experience of story-telling in Seoul Park evolves from two points of view. First, it is a spatial experience from the perspective of the Goryeo period and of foreigners. It is a continuum of a landscape experience where one can trace the sentiments of Korea and a hometown in Korea by passing through lyrical and multi-faceted spatial structures. Second, it is an experience that evolves from the viewpoint of an outsider, including the Tashkent citizens. It allows visitors to read the various methods and attitudes in an unfamiliar landscape and terrain. Through a story-telling that is reminiscent of the Silk Road through which trade with East Asia took place, visitors can interact with Korean culture in the Korean Garden and throughout the process they can feel the very Korean sentiments. This park presents the latest example of a 'Korean Garden' formed overseas and thus presents a clue to understanding the representation pattern of the Korean aspects of Korean Gardens through a study on the design strategies.