• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.31-38
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• 2005

Flowable fills are self-leveling, liquid-like materials, and self-compacting to 95-100% of the maximum unit weight. Benefits of flowable fills include limited required labor, accelerated construction, ready placement at inaccessible locations, and the ability to be manually re-excavated. Applications for flowable fills include utility trenches, building excavations, underground storage tanks, abandoned sewers and utility lines, and filling underground mine shafts The objective of this study is to estimate engineering property of flowable fills made of soil mixed with recycled stylofoam and stabilizer for using geotechnical field. For this study, the uniaxial compression test, flowable test, and model tests were performed. Based on the results of the tests, the following conclusions are : fills made of soil mixed with recycled stylofoam and stabilizer can be used as flowable fills, minimum stabilizer quantity for using flowable fills ranges from 1.0($kN/m^3$) to 1.2 ($kN/m^3$).

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.387-395
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• 2015

This study was conducted to verify the effects of Erigeron annuus powder on serum lipid levels of high-fat diet-induced mice from a nutritional viewpoint. Erigeron annuus powder has been used as a folk remedy since ancient times in Korea. There was no significant difference in the weight of the kidneys and spleens of the mice. The high-fat diet group had a significantly higher kidney weight compared to other groups (p<0.05). In the group of mice fed 20% Erigeron annuus powder with a high-fat diet, the concentration of serum LDL-cholesterol was high (p<0.05), whereas the concentration of triglyceride was remarkably lower compared to other groups (p<0.05). The group fed 10% Erigeron annuus with a high-fat diet had the lowest concentration of blood phospholipids (p<0.05) as well as the highest alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase levels in blood (p<0.05). There was no difference in blood insulin concentration. However, blood leptin concentration was significantly higher ($5.88{\pm}3.53ng/dL$) in mice fed a high-fat diet compared to other groups (p<0.05). Measurements of Erigeron annuus revealed that TPC, $ABTS^+$ radical scavenging activity of trolox, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and the measured value of FRAP were higher in the ethanol extract than in the water extract. Especially, the antioxidant activity effects were excellent for the $ABTS^+$ radical scavenging activities of trolox and FRAP values of Erigeron annuus. Therefore, Erigeron annuus powder showed antioxidant activity. Hence, Erigeron annuus powder drastically lessened triglyceride concentration in blood in high-fat diet-induced mice. Thus, the powder is considered to have utility in the food processing industry. Additional related experiments are ongoing.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.65-76
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• 2002

This study is realized using fuzzy evaluation and AHP(the analytic hierarchy process) for the optimum search of traffic route and estimated by the quantitative analysis in the vague subjective judgement. It is different from classical route search and noticed thinking method of human. Appraisal element, weight, appraisal value of route is extracted from basic of the opinion gathering fur the driving expert and example of route model was used for the finding of practice utility. Model assessment was performed attribute membership function making of estimate element, estimate value setting, weight define by the AHP, non additive presentation of weight according to $\lambda$-fuzzy measure, Choquet fuzzy integral.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.375-384
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• 2005

To investigate the flow-accelerated corrosion (FAC) dependency of carbon steel (A106 Gr. B) and low-alloy steels (1Cr-1/2Mo, 21/4Cr-1Mo) on pH, orifice distance, and material, experiments were carried out. These experiments were performed using a flow velocity of 4 m/sec (partly 9 m/sec) at pH $8.0\~10.0$ in an oxygen-free aqueous solution re-circulated in an Erosion-Corrosion Test Loop at $130^{\circ}\;{\ldots}$ for 500 hours. The weight loss of the carbon steel specimens appeared to be positively dependent on the flow velocity. That of the carbon and low-alloy steel specimens also showed to be distinguishably dependent on the pH. At pH levels of $8.0\~9.5$ it decreased, but increased from 9.5 to 10.0. Utility water chemistry personnel should carefully consider this kind of pH dependency to control the water system pH to mitigate FAC of the piping system material. The weight loss of the specimens located further from the orifice in the distance range of $6.8\~27.2$ mm was shown to be greater, except for 21/4Cr-1Mo, which showed no orifice distance dependency. Low alloy steel specimens exhibited a factor of two times better resistance to FAC than that of the carbon steel. Based on this kind of FAC dependency of the carbon and low-alloy steels on the orifice distance and material, we conclude that it is necessary to alternate the composition of the secondary piping system material of NPPs, using low-alloy steels, such as 21/4Cr-1Mo, particularly when the system piping has to be replaced.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.671-679
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• 2016

Bridges, which constitute one of the key facilities in a social infrastructure, are easily accessed and used by users, so that keeping their performance above a certain level is essential. According to various cases in the U.S., Japan and Europe with a long construction history, it is expected that the maintenance cost of bridges in Korea will increase continuously in the future, so a rational decision making system based on engineering factors is necessary to optimize the performance of and maintain them by allocating the limited budget efficiently. This study is a preliminary basic study for the purpose of developing a common asset management system for managing all of the bridges and maintaining the level of service provided by them. The scope of this preliminary study is limited to bridges in urban areas. The bridge asset management system for bridges in urban areas, their level of service (LOS) and performance measure (PM) were developed by carrying out a workshop consisting of both experts and stakeholders. The analysis on the weights of the value and performance measure for each performance indicator was carried out by using the multi-attribute utility theory and the AHP method. In order to confirm the application of the weight of the performance measure and value of the performance indicator, six bridges in an example city were selected, LOS analysis was applied and its results were reviewed.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.194-202
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• 1978

In order to evaluate the utility of the anthocyanin pigments in Ganges Amaranth as an edible pigment, this study was designed to isolate and identify the anthocyanins. The anthocyanins present in leaves of Ganges Amaranth were extracted with 0.1% HCl in methanol. The extracted pigments were purified by organic solvent treatment and Amberlite CG-400 Type cation exchanger, and then separated into individual pigments by paper chromatography with n-butanol-formic acid-water(100:25:60, v/v) as a solvent system. The separated pigments were identified by their Rf values, sugar moieties, complete hydrolysis and spectral characteristics in the visible and ultraviolet regions. The amounts of individual anthocyanins were also determined. The results obtained from these experiments were as follows. 1. Chromatograms of the Ganges Amaranth extract developed with BFW yielded three anthocyanin bands. The two of the anothocyanin bands were tentatively identified as malvidin-3-glucoside(acylated with caffeic acid) in band 1 and peonidin-3-glucoside (acylated with caffeic acid) in band 2. But the anthocyanin in band 3 was not identified due to extremly low concentration. 2. The amount of total anthocyanins was 101.57 mg/100g fresh weight of leaves in which 82.15 mg of malvidin-3-glucoside (acylated with caffeic acid) and 27.20 mg of peonidin-3-glucoside(acylated with caffeic acid) were contained per 100g fresh weight. Maividin-3-glucoside acylated with the acid was, therefore, the most abundant pigment in the Ganges Amaranth.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.701-704
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• 2008

Actuality, amount of electric power is rising together with business expansion. But the most power plant is consisted a thermal power. People have been burning fuel like a coal, and it bring the cinder concrete. Fly-ash is use to the high-degree in construction material, but in case of bottom-ash had been disused the whole quantity. Intermittently, the academic world laid his studies for bottom-ash. Thus, this study contents are a characteristic of be not harden concrete incorporating fine aggregate, a strength of harden concrete, elastic modulus and a unit mass. And there do for the sake to examine utility value of bottom-ash and improve of light weight concrete.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.134-146
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• 2013

Objectives : Auklandia Lappa (ALE) is one of the herbs used frequently to treat abdominal pain and diarrhea and reported anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing proinflammatory cytokines. This study was designed to investigate whether ALE could show protective activities on experimental colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) models. Methods : Colitis was induced by DSS in Balb/c mice. ALE 10, 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg were orally administered twice a day for 7 days in DSS model. Mice weight was measured daily. Scoring of clinical findings was measured every other day. Colon length, edema, fecal blood and histological damages were assessed at day 7 in DSS model. In histological analysis, we checked cryptal glands, surface epithelium, submucosa, transmural, stroma and scored degree of inflammatory cell damage by modified histological scoring. We also calculated cytokines concentrations including IFN-${\gamma}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-17, IL-23, IL-10 and TGF-${\beta}1$ by Biometric Multiplex Cytokine Profiling method. Results : ALE showed the protective effects on DSS-induced experimental colitis. ALE inhibited shortening of colon length and histological damages of colon does-dependently, but it did not inhibit weight loss. ALE also inhibited IFN-${\gamma}$ and IL-6 expression, and upregulated cytokines (IL-10, TGF-${\beta}1$) related to regulatory T cell differentiation and proliferation. Conclusions : The current results demonstrate the clinical utility of ALE in traditional medicine and indicate the possibility of potent drug development of inflammatory bowel diseases from natural products. Further investigations for exact mechanisms will be needed.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.476-480
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• 2013

Obesity is one of the most serious health problems in developed countries. It negatively affects diverse aspects of human wellbeing. Of these, a relationship between obesity and depression is widely recognized but biomarkers for assessment of obesity-associated mood changes in animal obesity models are rarely known. Here we explored the link between obesity and the plasma levels of monoamine neurotransmitters involved in mood control using a sensitive UPLC/MSMS technique in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity model in male C57BL/6 mice to explore the potential utility of plasma tests for obesity-associated mood change. HFD (60% of total calories, 8 weeks) induced significantly higher weight gains in body (+37.8%) and fat tissue (+306%) in male C57BL/6 mice. Bioanalysis of serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine in plasma at 8 weeks of HFD revealed that serotonin decreased significantly in the obese mice when compared to normal diet-fed mice ($2.7{\pm}0.6$ vs $4.3{\pm}2.0ng/ml$, N=8). Notably, a negative correlation was found between the levels of serotonin and body weight gains. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) with the individual levels of neurotransmitters revealed that plasma levels of dopamine and serotonin could apparently differentiate the obese mice from lean ones. Our study demonstrated that blood plasma levels of neurotransmitters can be employed to evaluate the mood changes associated with obesity and more importantly, provided an important clue for understanding of the relationship between obesity and mood disorders.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.309-313
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• 2006

Many researchers have studied on the lightness of automobile. These researches are such as a body shell, sub frame, fuel tank, engine etc. The transmission Part is a magnitude one in the aspect of weight. A drive shaft (propeller shaft) transmits the engine power to rear differential gear assembly. It is used in the compact car that is a single drive shaft. But in the case of long body cars such as SUV (Sports Utility Vehicle), truck and large vehicle, two or three divided drive shaft are used to prevent the vibration damage from a drive shaft that has been taken high torsion and rotation. This multi-divided drive shaft structure is so heavy because it is assembled by yoke, center bearing and solid spline axis. When the rear axle move up and down, the spline shaft adjust the variation of a length between the transmission and rear axle gearbox. In this paper, it is studied in the experimental method that is a bending vibration characteristic of slip in tube shaped propeller shaft. This type propeller shaft is developed to combine the spline axis with drive shaft and can be light in weight of transmission part.