• Title/Summary/Keyword: Utility

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Anti-oxidant and anti-adipocyte differentiation of Aster glehni and Aster yomena (섬쑥부쟁이와 쑥부쟁이의 항산화 및 지방세포 분화 억제 효과)

  • Lee, Ji Yeon;Park, Jeong-Yong;Kim, Hyung Don;Lee, Seung Eun;Lee, Jeong Hoon;Lee, Yunji;Seo, Kyung Hye
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.52 no.3
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    • pp.250-257
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    • 2019
  • Purpose: Aster glehnii (AG) and Aster yomena (AY) are medicinal plants that belong to the family Compositea and grow widely in Korea. Plants in the genus Aster have been used to treat snakebite wounds or bruises in oriental medicine. This study compared the effects of anti-oxidants and anti-adipocyte differentiation according to the species (the aerial parts of AG and AY). Methods: AG and AY were extracted using 70% ethanol (-E) and water (-W) at room temperature. The anti-oxidant activities were measured by total phenol contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), DPPH and $ABTS^+$ assay. In addition, correlation analysis was performed for the anti-oxidant compounds and effect. The level of anti-adipocyte differentiation was assessed using an oil red O assay on pre-adipocytes. Results: AG-W showed higher TPC ($6.92{\mu}g/mL$) and AG-E presented higher TFC ($8.22{\mu}g/mL$) than the other extracts. Furthermore, AG-E exhibited higher radical scavenging activity in the DPPH and $ABTS^+$ assay ($IC_{50}$: 104.88 and $30.06{\mu}g/mL$). In the cytotoxicity assay, AG and AY extracts at concentrations less than $100{\mu}g/mL$ were non toxic. AG-W reduced the lipid accumulation of 3T3-L1 cells significantly after differentiation (70.49%) compared to the other extracts. Conclusion: These results show that the water extract of AG has anti-oxidant effects and reduces the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. Therefore, AG has utility as a functional food material for its anti-oxidant activities and ability to prevent lipid accumulation.

Change in Concepts and Status of Park and Green Space in Urban Planning Documents of Gyeongseong (경성부 도시계획서 상의 공원녹지 개념과 현황의 변화 양상)

  • Cho, Seho;Kim, Youngmin
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.47 no.2
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    • pp.117-132
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    • 2019
  • The study examines the significance and limits of modern park planning by analyzing major planning documents of Gyeongseong in the Japanese colonial era. Among seven selected documents from 1925 to 1940, which show the contents related with park planning, documents of 1930 and 1940 presented the official park plan of Gyeongseong. By the 1920s, the park plan was not a major concern in urban planning of Gyeongseong; however, as the planning law as enacted in 1934, the park plan legally became a part of the official master planning process in the 1930s. In 1940, the most comprehensive park plan for Gyeongseong was published. In the beginning of modern urban planning, a park was mainly perceived as a sanitation utility. From the 1920s to the 1930s, the park planning system was significantly improved including systemic classification of parks, guideline development considering spatial planning, and introduction of a concept of infra-structural green space. Despite of the improvement in the park planning, the actual quantity of the overall green spaces barely changed and there was a huge discrepancy between the planning ideal and the reality. The Gyeongseong stadium was the only facility newly built in the 1920s, and only two parks were constructed in the 1930s. The plan to build 38 new parks in the 1930, and 140 in the 1940 was barely realized. However, there were efforts to improve parks and green spaces of Gyeongseong: Such as appropriating natural forest as parks, designating royal palaces as parks, and focusing on constructing smaller scale children's parks. Even though the ideal plan could not be fully implemented due to the war time situation and tight budget, the park system of Gyeongseong provided the framework of park planning of Seoul after the independence.

An Experimental and Numerical Study on the Survivability of a Long Pipe-Type Buoy Structure in Waves (긴 파이프로 이뤄진 세장형 부이 구조물의 파랑 중 생존성에 관한 모형시험 및 수치해석 연구)

  • Kwon, Yong-Ju;Nam, Bo-Woo;Kim, Nam-Woo;Park, In-Bo;Kim, Sea-Moon
    • Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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    • v.42 no.6
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    • pp.427-436
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    • 2018
  • In this study, experimental and numerical analysis were performed on the survivability of a long pipe-type buoy structure in waves. The buoy structure is an articulated tower consisting of an upper structure, buoyancy module, and gravity anchor with long pipes forming the base frame. A series of experiment were performed in the ocean engineering basin of KRISO with the scaled model of 1/ 22 to evaluate the survivability of the buoy structure at West Sea in South Korea. Survival condition was considered as the wave of 50 year return period. Additional experiments were performed to investigate the effects of current and wave period. The factors considered for the evaluation of the buoy's survival were the pitch angle of the structure, anchor reaction force, and the number of submergence of the upper structure. Numerical simulations were carried out with the OrcaFlex, the commercial program for the mooring analysis, with the aim of performing mutual validation with the experimental results. Based on the evaluation, the behavior characteristics of the buoy structure were first examined according to the tidal conditions. The changes were investigated for the pitch angle and anchor reaction force at HAT and LAT conditions, and the results directly compared with those obtained from numerical simulation. Secondly, the response characteristics of the buoy structure were studied depending on the wave period and the presence of current velocity. Third, the number of submergence through video analysis was compared with the simulation results in relation to the submergence of the upper structure. Finally, the simulation results for structural responses which were not directly measured in the experiment were presented, and the structural safety discussed in the survival waves. Through a series of survivability evaluation studies, the behavior characteristics of the buoy structure were examined in survival waves. The vulnerability and utility of the buoy structure were investigated through the sensitivity studies of waves, current, and tides.

Quality and genetic relationship on dehulling characteristic in oat variety (국내 귀리품종 탈부특성에 따른 품질 및 유연관계 분석)

  • Kim, Kyeong-Min;Shin, Dongjin;Kim, Kyeong-Hoon;Kwon, Yu-Ri;Park, Hyo-Jin;Hyun, Jong-Nae;Kim, Young-Jin;Oh, Myung-Kyu;Park, Young-Hoon
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • v.45 no.4
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    • pp.375-381
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    • 2018
  • The consumption of oats (Avena sativa L.) with high nutritional utility is accelerating due to the increased consumers' demand for functional foods. In Korea, naked oats are used as food, while covered oats are used for animal feed. However, it is difficult to distinguish naked oats from covered oats when the husk is removed from the grains by a special process. The present study was carried out to investigate experimental methods that would be beneficial in the segregation of different types of oats after husk removal. Grain quality-related biochemical compounds were analyzed in a bid to differentiate the oat dehulling characteristics. In addition, 61 SSR markers were examined for genetic relationship and variety identification of oats using five naked and seven covered oat varieties. Results showed that, the contents of protein, lipid, and ${\beta}-glucan$ were not significantly different among the oat varieties and this could not be used as an index for distinguishing oats husk character. However, in the fatty acid composition ratio,, naked oats had a higher ratio of stearic acid (C18:0) and oleic acid (C18:1) than covered oats, and covered oats had a higher ratio of linoleic acid (C18:2) and linoleic acid (C18:3) than naked oats. The assessment of SSR marker genotype revealed that 33 polymorphic bands among 12 oat varieties and 1 variety could be distinguished through the combination of polymorphic markers thus indicating the usability of these markers for variety identification in oats.

Effect of Spinning Speed on 29Si and 27Al Solid-state MAS NMR Spectra for Iron-bearing Silicate Glasses (시료의 회전 속도가 함철 비정질 규산염의 고상 NMR 신호에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Hyo-Im;Lee, Sung Keun
    • Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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    • v.31 no.4
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    • pp.295-306
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    • 2018
  • Despite the utility of solid-state NMR, NMR studies of iron-bearing silicate glasses remain a challenge because the variations in the peak position and width with increasing iron content reflect both paramagnetic effect and iron-induced structural changes. Therefore, it is essential to elucidate the effect of temperature on the NMR signal for iron-bearing silicate glasses. Here, we report the $^{29}Si$ and $^{27}Al$ MAS NMR spectra for $(Mg_{0.95}Fe_{0.05})SiO_3$ and $Fe_2O_3$-bearing $CaAl_2Si_2O_8$ (anorthite) glasses with varying spinning speed to interpret the NMR spectra for iron-bearing silicate glasses. The increase in the spinning speed results in an increase in the sample temperature. The current NMR results allow us to understand the origins of the changes in NMR signal with increasing iron content and to provide information on the dipolar interaction between nuclear spins. The $^{29}Si$ NMR spectra for $(Mg_{0.95}Fe_{0.05})SiO_3$ glass and $^{27}Al$ NMR spectra for $Fe_2O_3$-bearing $CaAl_2Si_2O_8$ glasses show that the peak shape and position of iron-bearing glasses do not change with increasing spinning speed up to 30 kHz. These results suggest that the NMR signal in the Fe-bearing glasses may stem from the 'survived nuclear spins' beyond the cutoff radius from the Fe, not from the paramagnetic shift. Based on the current results, the observed apparent shifts toward lower frequency of Al peak for $Fe_2O_3$-bearing $CaAl_2Si_2O_8$ glasses with increasing $Fe_2O_3$ at all spinning speed (15 kHz to 30 kHz) indicate the increase in the fraction of ${Q^4}_{Al}$(nSi) with lower n (i.e., 1 or 2) with increasing $Fe_2O_3$ and the spatial proximity between Fe and ${Q^4}_{Al}$(nSi) with higher n (i.e., 3 or 4). The present results show that changes in the NMR signal for iron-bearing silicate glasses reflect the actual iron-induced structural changes. Thus, it is clear that the applications of solid-state NMR for iron-bearing silicate glasses hold strong promise for unraveling the atomic structure of natural silicate glasses.

Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty Using Ceramic Femoral Head on Cross-Linked Ultra-High-Molecular Weight Polyethylene Liner in Patients Older than 65 Years: Minimum Five-Year Follow-Up Results (세라믹 대퇴 골두 및 교차결합 초고분자량 폴리에틸렌 라이너를 이용한 65세 이상 무시멘트형 인공 고관절 전치환술: 최소 5년 중기 추시 결과)

  • Yun, Ho Hyun;Cheong, Ji Young;Sim, Hyun Bo;Park, Jae Hong
    • Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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    • v.53 no.6
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    • pp.490-497
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    • 2018
  • Purpose: To evaluate the utility of ceramic-on-polyethylene articular bearing surface when cementless total hip arthroplasty is performed in patients older than 65 years through an analysis of the minimum five-year follow-up results using the ceramic femoral head and cross-linked polyethylene liner. Materials and Methods: From March 2010 to September 2012, 51 patients (56 hips) who were older than 65 years were enrolled in this retrospective study. The mean age at surgery was $70.9{\pm}5.1years$ old. A clinical assessment was analyzed using the Harris hip score. For the radiographic assessment, the cup inclination and anteversion, stem alignment, and wear amount were measured. The postoperative complications were also determined. Results: The mean Harris hip score was improved from preoperative 48 points to postoperative 87 points (p<0.05). The mean cup inclination was $40.9^{\circ}{\pm}6.4^{\circ}$ and the mean cup anteversion was $20.3^{\circ}{\pm}8.1^{\circ}$. The mean cup anteversion of the elevated liner-used group (16 cases) was $14.3^{\circ}{\pm}7.9^{\circ}$ and the mean cup anteversion of the neutral liner used group (40 cases) was $22.4^{\circ}{\pm}9.1^{\circ}$ (p<0.05). The mean stem alignment angle was $0^{\circ}$ (range, varus $4^{\circ}$-valgus $4^{\circ}$). The mean linear wear amount was $0.458{\pm}0.041mm$ and the average annual linear wear rate was $0.079{\pm}0.032mm/yr$. Six cases (10.7%) of intraoperative periprosthetic femoral fractures were encountered. Conclusion: Based on these results, the use of a ceramic-on-polyethylene articular bearing surface in elderly patients with cementless total hip arthroplasty is beneficial. On the other hand, careful effort is needed to prevent intraoperative periprosthetic femoral fractures.

A Study on the Taeshil of Great King Jungjo of Joseon (조선 정조대왕 태실 연구(朝鮮 正祖大王 胎室 硏究) - 태실석물(胎室石物)의 구조(構造)와 봉안유물(奉安遺物)의 특징(特徵) -)

  • Yun, Seok In
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • v.46 no.1
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    • pp.76-101
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    • 2013
  • In this article, we examine the Taeshil of King Jungjo, the 22nd King of the Joseon dynasty located in Yongwol, Gangwondo. The Jangtae culture - burial of the navel cord - is a unique Royal ritual which began during the Shilla dynasty and continued to be carried out for a long period until the Koryo and Joseon dynasties. Until today, about 300 Taebong sites have been discovered, most of which are the Taebong of the decedents of the royal family of the Joseon Kingdom. Most Taeshils built for Kings of the Joseon dynasty were destroyed during the Japanese colonial period, among which only a few have been recovered and managed across the nation. The Taeshil of King Jungjo is one of the leading examples among existing Taeshils in Korea which has managed to preserve well enshrined relics as well as literature documents including stone relics in perfect sets. Thus, in order to examine the Taeshil of King Jungjo comprehensively, first of all literary materials related to the construction of King Jungjo's Taeshil such as the Josunwangjosilrok - "Annals of the Choson Dynasty (朝鮮王朝實錄)". "Jungjongdaewang Taesilgabong Euigwe (正宗大王胎室加封儀軌) - Royal activities related to Taeshil, and local historic documents etc were searched and put together, while a focus was placed on examining the geographical location and state of the Taebong, including the specific style of each part of the Taeshil stone and characteristics of enshrined relics. Such materials are believed to have important utility in the future as a basic material to be used for research, maintenance, and restoration of Taeshil relics. So far, Taeshil relics is a field that has not been able to attract much attention from the academic world, however attention has begun to be paid to Taeshil relics due to recent archaeological excavations as well as an approach to artistic history. Academic research results are expected if Taeshil relics are able to be examined comprehensively in future covering various areas such as literature history, archaeology, and artistic history etc.

Utility Evaluation of Supportive Devices for Interventional Lower Extremity Angiography (인터벤션 하지 혈관조영검사를 위한 보조기구의 유용성 평가)

  • Kong, Chang gi;Song, Jong Nam;Jeong, Moon Taek;Han, Jae Bok
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.613-621
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    • 2019
  • The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of supportive devices which are for minimizing the patient's movement during lower extremity angiography and to verify image quality of phantom by analyzing of Mask image, DSA image and Roadmap image into SNR and CNR. As a result of comparing SNR with CNR of mask image obtained by DSA technique using the phantom alone and phantom placed on the supportive devices, there was no significant difference between about 0~0.06 for SNR and about 0~0.003 for CNR. The study showed about 0.11~0.35 for SNR and 0.016~0.031 for CNR of DSA imaging by DSA technique about only water phantom of the blood vessel model and the water phantom placed on the device. Analyzing SNR and CNR of Roadmap technique about water phantom on the auxiliary device (hardboard paper, pomax, polycarbonate, acrylic) and water phantom alone, there was no significant difference between 0.02~0.05 for SNR and 0.002~0.004 for CNR. In conclusion, there was no significant difference on image quality by using supportive devices made by hardboard paper, pomax, polycarbonate or acryl regardless of whether using supportive devices or not. Supportive devices to minimize of the patient's movement may reduce the total amount of contrast, exam-time, radiation exposure and eliminate risk factors during angiogram. Supportive devices made by hardboard paper can be applied easily during angiogram due to advantages of reasonable price and simple processing. It is considered that will be useful to consider cost efficiency and types of materials and their properties in accordance with purpose and method of the study when the operator makes and uses supportive devices.

A Study on the Current Preservation and Management of the Korean B and C War Criminal Records in Japan (일본의 한국인 BC급 전범관련 자료 현황에 관한 연구)

  • ;Lee, Young-hak
    • The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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    • no.54
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    • pp.111-150
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    • 2017
  • This paper examines the current situation of sources on Korean Class B and C war criminals attached as civilians to the Japanese military during the Asian Pacific War charged with cruelly treating Allied POWs in Japanese POW camps, and also explores the possibility of a joint Korean-Japanese archive of these sources. The Japanese government agreed to the judgement of war crimes by accepting the terms of the Potsdam Declaration, and the Allied troops carried out the judgement of Class B and C war crimes in each region of Asia and the International Military Tribunal for the Far East (also known as the Tokyo Trials). However, many non-Japanese such as Koreans and Taiwanese from the Japanese colonies were prosecuted for war crimes. The issues of reparations and restoring their reputations were ignored by both the Korean and Japanese governments, and public access to their records restricted. Most records on Korean Class B and C war criminals were transferred from each ministry to the National Archives of Japan. The majority are copies of the judgements of war crimes by the Allied nations or records prepared for the erasure of Japanese war crimes after each department operated independently of the Japanese government. In the case of the Diplomatic Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, such records focused mostly on their war crimes and the transfer of B and C war criminals within Japan and the diplomatic situation. In the case of Korea and Taiwan, these records were related to the negotiations on the repatriation of Class B and C war criminals. In addition, the purpose of founding of the Japan Center for Asian Historical Records and its activities demonstrate its tremendous utility as a facility for building a joint Korea-Japan colonial archive. Thus, the current flaws of the Japan Center for Asian Historical Records should be improved on in order to build a such a joint archive in the future.

Label Embedding for Improving Classification Accuracy UsingAutoEncoderwithSkip-Connections (다중 레이블 분류의 정확도 향상을 위한 스킵 연결 오토인코더 기반 레이블 임베딩 방법론)

  • Kim, Museong;Kim, Namgyu
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.175-197
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    • 2021
  • Recently, with the development of deep learning technology, research on unstructured data analysis is being actively conducted, and it is showing remarkable results in various fields such as classification, summary, and generation. Among various text analysis fields, text classification is the most widely used technology in academia and industry. Text classification includes binary class classification with one label among two classes, multi-class classification with one label among several classes, and multi-label classification with multiple labels among several classes. In particular, multi-label classification requires a different training method from binary class classification and multi-class classification because of the characteristic of having multiple labels. In addition, since the number of labels to be predicted increases as the number of labels and classes increases, there is a limitation in that performance improvement is difficult due to an increase in prediction difficulty. To overcome these limitations, (i) compressing the initially given high-dimensional label space into a low-dimensional latent label space, (ii) after performing training to predict the compressed label, (iii) restoring the predicted label to the high-dimensional original label space, research on label embedding is being actively conducted. Typical label embedding techniques include Principal Label Space Transformation (PLST), Multi-Label Classification via Boolean Matrix Decomposition (MLC-BMaD), and Bayesian Multi-Label Compressed Sensing (BML-CS). However, since these techniques consider only the linear relationship between labels or compress the labels by random transformation, it is difficult to understand the non-linear relationship between labels, so there is a limitation in that it is not possible to create a latent label space sufficiently containing the information of the original label. Recently, there have been increasing attempts to improve performance by applying deep learning technology to label embedding. Label embedding using an autoencoder, a deep learning model that is effective for data compression and restoration, is representative. However, the traditional autoencoder-based label embedding has a limitation in that a large amount of information loss occurs when compressing a high-dimensional label space having a myriad of classes into a low-dimensional latent label space. This can be found in the gradient loss problem that occurs in the backpropagation process of learning. To solve this problem, skip connection was devised, and by adding the input of the layer to the output to prevent gradient loss during backpropagation, efficient learning is possible even when the layer is deep. Skip connection is mainly used for image feature extraction in convolutional neural networks, but studies using skip connection in autoencoder or label embedding process are still lacking. Therefore, in this study, we propose an autoencoder-based label embedding methodology in which skip connections are added to each of the encoder and decoder to form a low-dimensional latent label space that reflects the information of the high-dimensional label space well. In addition, the proposed methodology was applied to actual paper keywords to derive the high-dimensional keyword label space and the low-dimensional latent label space. Using this, we conducted an experiment to predict the compressed keyword vector existing in the latent label space from the paper abstract and to evaluate the multi-label classification by restoring the predicted keyword vector back to the original label space. As a result, the accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score used as performance indicators showed far superior performance in multi-label classification based on the proposed methodology compared to traditional multi-label classification methods. This can be seen that the low-dimensional latent label space derived through the proposed methodology well reflected the information of the high-dimensional label space, which ultimately led to the improvement of the performance of the multi-label classification itself. In addition, the utility of the proposed methodology was identified by comparing the performance of the proposed methodology according to the domain characteristics and the number of dimensions of the latent label space.