• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2009

Functional defects in mitochondria are involved in the induction of cell death in cancer cells. We assessed the toxic effect of camptothecin against the human cervical and uterine tumor cell line SiHa with respect to the mitochondria-mediated cell death process, and examined the combined effect of camptothecin and anticancer drugs. Camptothecin caused apoptosis in SiHa cells by inducing mitochondrial membrane permeability changes that lead to the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, decreased Bcl-2 levels, cytochrome c release, caspase-3 activation, formation of reactive oxygen species and depletion of GSH. Combination of camptothecin with other anticancer drugs (carboplatin, paclitaxel, doxorubicin and mitomycin c) or signaling inhibitors (farnesyltransferase inhibitor and ERK inhibitor) did not enhance the camptothecin-induced cell death and caspase-3 activation. These results suggest that camptothecin may cause cell death in SiHa cells by inducing changes in mitochondrial membrane permeability, which leads to cytochrome c release and activation of caspase-3. This effect is also associated with increased formation of reactive oxygen species and depletion of GSH. Combination with other anticancer drugs (or signaling inhibitors) does not appear to increase the anti-tumor effect of camptothecin against SiHa cells, but rather may reduce it. Combination of camptothecin with other anticancer drugs does not seem to provide a benefit in the treatment of cervical and uterine cancer compared with camptothecin monotherapy.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.251-254
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• 1997

목적 : 침윤성자궁경부암에서 단순자궁적출술을 시행하는 것은 통상적인 치료원칙에 배치된다. 본 연구는 침윤성자궁경부암에서 단순자궁적출술이 시행되었을 경우 방사선치료의 역할을 확인하기 위하여 시행되었다. 대상 및 방법 :침윤성자궁경부암환자로서 단순자궁적출을 시행받고 1989년 4월부터 1993년 12월까지 경상대학교병원 치료방사선과에서 방사선치료를 시행받은 19명의 환자를 대상으로 후향적 분석을 시행하였다. 연구대상의 연령의 중앙값은 49세이었고, 연구대상에 대한 추적기간의 중앙간은 46개월이었다. 방사선치료는 17명에서는 외부방사선조사만 시행되었고 절제연에 잔류암이 있었던 2명에서는 강내치료를 병용하였다. 결과 : 전체 4년 생존율은 $75\%$이었고, 4년 국소제어율은 $89\%$이었다. 2명에서 국소 및 원격재발이 있었고 2명에서 원격재발이 있었다. 결론 : 침윤성 자궁경부암에서 단순자궁적출술이 시행된 경우 방사선치료는 매우 적절한 후속조치가 됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.55-61
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• 1995

Purpose : Despite a development of therapeutic machines and advance in modern radiation therapy techniques, locally advanced cervical carcinoma has shown high rate of local failure and poor survival rate, Combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy demonstrated benefit in improving local control and possibly the overall survival. Our study was performed to evaluate effect of concurrent chemoradiation on locally advanced uterine cervical cancer. Methods and Materials : Twenty six patients with locally advanced stage(FIGO stage IIB with ${\geq}5cm$ in diameter, III, IVA) were treated with combination of radiation therapy and concurrent cisplatinum between May of 1988 and September of 1993 at our hospital. Radiation therapy consisted of external irradiaton and 1-2 sessions of intracavitary irradiation. Cisplatinum was administered in bolus injection of 25mg/$m^2$ at weekly intervals during the course of external radiation therapy. Results : Of the 26 Patients, twenty-five patients were evaluable for estimation of response. Median follow-up period was 25 months with ranges from 3 to 73 months. Stage IIB, III, and IVA were 16, 5, 4 patients, respectively, Twenty patients were squamous cell carcinoma. Response was noted in all 25 patients: complete response(CR) in 17/25($68\%$), Partial response(PR) in 8/25($32\%$). Of the 24 patients except one who died of sepsis at 3 months follow-up, seventeen patients($70.8\%$) maintained local control in the pelvis: 16/17($94.1\%$) in CR, 1/17($14.3\%$) in PR. Fourteen of the 17 patients with CR are alive disease free on the completion of follow-up. Median survival is 28 months for CR and 15 months for PR. Analysis of 5-year survival by stage shows 11/16($59.8\%$) in IIB, 3/5($60.0\%$) in III, and 1/4($25.0\%$) in IVA. Overall 5-year survival rate was $55.2\%$. Ten patients recurred: 4 at locoregional, 3 in distant metastasis and 3 with locoregional and distant site. Toxicity by addition of cisplatinum was not excessive. Conclusion : Although the result of this study was obtained from small number of patients, it is rather encouraging in view of markedly improved response rate compared with the results of historical group.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.123-127
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• 2006

목적: 7예의 자궁경부의 유리세포암 초기 병기 환자들을 통하여 임상적 특징, 병리조직학적 소견, 치료방법 및 예후를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1993년 1월부터 2005년 12월까지 계명의대 동산의료원에서 병리조직학적으로 자궁경부암기 유리세포암으로 확인된 FIGO 병기 IB 6예와 IIA환자 1예, 모두 7예의 환자를 대상으로 하였으며 이들 중 1예의 IB 환자에서는 자궁 내 임신 22주 상태였다. 환자들의 의무기록을 통하여 임상적 특징, 병리조직학적 소견, 치료방법 및 예후를 분석하였다. 진단은 병리조직학적으로 유리세포암의 특징적 소견을 보이는 세포들로 50% 이상 구성되어있을 때 유리세포암으로 진단하였다. FIGO 임상병기 IB인 6명의 환자에서 근치적 자궁절제술 및 양측 골반 림프절 절제술을 시행하였으며 이들 중 2명은 수술 후 동시 항암화학방사선요법을 받았다. 1예의 IIA 환자는 동시 항암화학방사선요법으로 근치적 방사선치료를 시행하였다. 결과: 조직학적으로 자궁경부암으로 진단 받은 전체 환자 3,745명 중 유리세포암 환자는 7명이었다(0.2%). 7예의 자궁경부 유리세포암 환자의 평균 연령은 44세였으며, 연령 분포는 35세에서 53세까지였다. 가장 흔한 증상은 질 출혈로 7예 중 5예에서 나타났다(86%). 치료 전 시행한 펀치 생검 소견으로 전체 7예에서 2예에서만 유리세포암으로 진단 가능하였으며, 나머지 5예는 선편평상피세포암 1예, 미분화 선암 2예, 편평상피세포암 2예로 진단되었으나, 수술 후 병리조직학적 검사에서 유리세포암으로 확진되었다. 추적관찰기간은 13개월에서 150개월이며, 평균 추적기간은 73개월로 모두 무병상태로 생존하고 있다. 결론: 자궁경부의 유리세포암은 비록 공격적이고 악성도가 높은 종양이지만, 초기 암 환자는 정확한 병기평가와 근치적 수술 후 동시 항암화학방사선치료와 같은 적극적인 보조치료를 시행하면 보다 향상된 생존율을 얻을 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.347-354
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• 1993

This is a retrospective analysis of 67 patients with histologically proven invasive carcinoma of uterine cervix treated with surgery followed by adjuvant radiotherapy at Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital between october 1983 and september 1991, Postoperative radiotherapy was carried out in patients with high risks of locoregional recurrence such as positive pelvic lymph node (38 pts), large tumor size more than 3 cm (22 pts), cervical stromal invasion more than 2/3 (46 pts), parametrial involvement (9 pts), positive resection margin (14 pts), endo/myometrial extension (10 pts), and angiolymphatic invasion (13 pts). Stage I A, I B, and IIA were 2 $(3\%),$ 39 $(58.2\%),\;and\;26\;(38.8\%),$ respectively. Median follow-up period was 48 months with ranges from 13 to 115 months. All 67 patients were treated externally with standard pelvic field with radiation dose ranging from 4080 to 6120 cGy in 4~6 weeks period of time. Of these, 45 patients received intracavitary radiotherapy. The overall survival rate and disease free survival rate at 5-year were $88.0\%\;and\;82.1\%,$ respectively. The survival rates by stage were $87.1\%$ in IB and $88.4\%$ in IIA. Local control rate was $80.6\%(58\;pts).$ The treatment failure was noted in 12 of 67 patients $(17.9\%):$ locoregional failure in $7(10.4\%),$ distant metastasis in 3 $(4.5\%),$ and locoregional and distant metastasis in $2(3\%),$ The univariate analysis of prognostic factors disclosed endo/myometrial extension as a significant factor of survival and recurrence $(70.0\%\;vs\;91.1\%\;P<0.05\;&\;30.0\%\;vs\;15.8\%,\;respectively).$ The complication of postoperative radiothrapy was not significant and all patient were well tolerated. In conclusion, postoperative radiotherapy in patients with high risks of locoreginal recurrence is relatively well tolerated and it gives significantly improved survival rate especially in patients with positive lymph nodes, bulky tumor size $(\geqq3\;cm),$ parametrial involvement, cervical stromal invasion more than 2/3, positive resection margin and angiolymphatic invasion.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.224-229
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• 2001

목적 : 방사선단독으로 치료했던 자궁경부암에서 치료실패 양상과 치료실패에 대한 위험인자를 확인하여 동시항암 화학방사선요법의 적용기준을 마련하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1989년 4월부터 1997년 12월까지 경상대학교병원 치료방사선과에서 자궁경부암으로 방사선치료를 시행받은 환자중 외부방사선조사와 강내조사를 계획대로 완료한 154명을 대상으로 후향적 분석을 시행하였다. FIGO에 의한 병기별 분포는 Ib 12명, IIa 24명, IIb 98명, IIIa 1명, IIIb 17명, IVa 2명이었다. 생존율은 Kaplan-Meyer 법을 이용하여 구하였고, 생존율의 비교는 Log-rank test로, 다변량분석은 Cox proportional hazard model을 이용하였다. 국소 또는 원격실패에 대한 단변량, 다변량분석은 logistic regression model을 사용하였다. 방광 및 직장의 합병증 평가는 RTOG/EORTC에서 제안하여 사용하고 있는 SOMA scale을 적용하였다. 결과 : 전체 154명 가운데 완전 관해를 보인 경우는 130명으로 완전관해율은 $84.4\%$였다. 완전관해자 가운데 6명이 국소재발, 25명이 원격전이, 10명이 국소재발 및 원격전이를 보여 완전관해자 가운데 $31.5\%$가 치료에 실패하였다. 연구대상 전체의 치료실패양상을 보면 국소실패가 25명, 원격실패가 25명, 국소 및 원격실패가 15명으로 전체환자의 치료실패율은 $42.1\%$ (65/154)였고, 국소실패율(국소단독실패와 국소, 원격 이중실패를 합한 것) 및 원격실패율(원격단독실패와 국소, 원격 이중실패를 합한 것)은 각각 $25.9\%$ (40/154), $25.9\%$ (40/154)였다. 국소실패의 위험인자로서는 단변량, 다변량분석 모두에서 종양의 크기가 유의하였고 원격실패의 위험인자로서는 단변량분석에서는 병리, 종양의 크기, 골반임파절전이, 치료전 혈색소 수치가 유의하였으나, 다변량분석에서는 종양의 크기, 골반임파절전이가 유의하였다. 5년 생존율은 $FIGO\;Ib\;74\%,\;IIa\;67\%,\;IIb\;63\%,\;IIb\;45\%$. 결론 : 종양의 크기가 4 cm 이상인 경우 방사선치료만으로는 국소 및 원격실패의 가능성이 높고 생존율 역시 낮다. 크기가 4 cm 이상이거나 골반임파절전이가 있는 경우 대동맥임파절 전이 가능성이 높다. 따라서 크기가 4 cm 이상이거나 골반임파절 전이가 있는 경우 국소제어율을 높이고 원격전이를 줄이기 위해 동시방사선항암화학요법을 시행하여야 한다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.184-187
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• 2021

Radical trachelectomy is a fertility-preserving alternative to radical hysterectomy in carefully selected young women with early-stage cervical cancer. However, in cases with subsequent severe cervical stenosis, assisted reproductive techniques can be difficult. This is a case report of a 34-year-old patient who underwent robot-assisted radical trachelectomy and cerclage for early-stage (IB2) adenosquamous carcinoma. Three months after surgery, the patient underwent ovarian stimulation using a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist protocol. As it was impossible to perform transcervical embryo transfer due to the almost complete absence of the cervical opening, transmyometrial embryo transfer under ultrasound guidance was performed. This resulted in a successful singleton pregnancy. This is the first case of successful pregnancy conceived by in vitro fertilization with transmyometrial embryo transfer in a patient who had previously undergone robot-assisted radical trachelectomy.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.137-140
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• 1987

자궁경부암의 고선량율 강내치료의 매 분할 치료시마다 강내 applicator의 위치 차이로 인하여 조사 선량이 치료전 계획된 선량과 차이가 있을 수 있다. 저자는 자궁경부암 환자의 강내치료시 치료전 계획된 A점 선량 500 cGy와 치료직후에 촬영한 전후 및 측면 선 사진을 이용하여 계산된 A점 선량을 비교한 결과, 82예의 강내치료에서 치료 후 계산된 조사 선량과 계획 선량은 $500\pm18 cGy$이었으며 $84\%$에서 $500\pm25 cGy$의 범위에 포함되었다. 이러한 결과에서 계획 선량과 치료 후 계산된 조사 선량사이에 비교적 높은 일치율을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.849-852
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• 2013

Background: Cancer of the uterine cervix is one of the most common cancers among women worldwide. Industrialized countries have dramatically reduced the incidence of mortality from cervical carcinoma in the last 50 years through aggressive screening programs utilizing pelvic examinations and Papanicolaou (Pap) smears but it still remains a major problem in the developing world. Objectives: This study was performed to determine knowledge, attitude and practice of Pap smear as a screening procedure among nurses in a tertiary hospital in north eastern India. Material and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out with a questionnaire survey covering the socio demographic factors, knowledge, attitude and practices about Pap smear screening among 224 nurses in Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India during December 2011. Results: Two hundred and twenty one participants (98.6%) had heard about cervical carcinoma but 18.3% lacked adequate knowledge regarding risk factors. Knowledge about the Pap smear was adequate in 88.8% of the respondents. Out of these, only 11.6% had Pap smear at least once previously. The most common reasons for non-participation in screening were lack of any symptoms (58.4%), lack of counselling (42.8%), physician does not request (29.9%) and fear of vaginal examination (20.5%). Conclusion: Although knowledge of Pap smear as a screening procedure for cervical cancer is high, practice is still low. The nurses who should be responsible for opportunistic screening of women they care for are not keen on getting screened themselves. If we can improve the practice of Pap smear screening in such experts, they should be able to readily provide appropriate and accurate information and motivate the general population to join screening programs.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2019

Background: This study aimed to assess the in-field lymph node (LN) failure rate according to LN size and to investigate effect of LN size on the survival outcome of patients with locally advanced cervical carcinoma treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). Methods: A total of 310 patients with locally advanced cervical carcinoma treated with CCRT were enrolled in retrospective study. LN status was evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging. All patients received conventional external beam irradiation and high-dose rate brachytherapy, and concurrent cisplatin-based chemotherapy. In-field LN failure rate according to LN size was analyzed. Results: The median follow-up period was 83 months (range, 3-201 months). In-field LN failure rate in patients with pelvic LN size more than 10 mm was significantly higher than that in patients with pelvic LN size less than 10 mm (p<0.001). A similar finding was observed in the infield para-aortic LN (PALN) failure rate (p=0.024). The pelvic and PALN size (${\geq}10mm$) was a significant prognostic factor of overall-survival (OS) and disease-free survival rate in univariate and multivariate analyses. The OS rate was significantly different between groups according to LN size (<10 mm vs. ${\geq}10mm$). Conclusion: A LN of less than 10 mm in size in an imaging study is controlled by CCRT. On the other hand, in LN of more than 10 mm in size, the in-field LN failure rate increase and the prognosis deteriorate. Therefore, a more aggressive treatment strategy is needed.