• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.745-762
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• 2011

Damage detection methodologies based on the direct examination of the nonlinear-nonstationary characteristics of the structure dynamic response may play an important role in online structural health monitoring applications. Different signal processing based damage detection methodologies have been proposed based on the uncovering of spikes in the high frequency component of the structural response obtained via Discrete Wavelet transforms, Hilbert-Huang transforms or high pass filtering. The performance of these approaches in systems subjected to different types of excitation is evaluated in this paper. It is found that in the case of random excitations, like earthquake accelerations, the effectiveness of such methodologies is limited. An alternative damage detection approach using the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) is also evaluated to overcome this limitation. Using the CWT has the advantage that the central frequencies at which it operates can be defined by the user while the frequency bands of the detail functions obtained via DWT are predetermined by the sampling period of the signal.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제31권2B호
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• pp.87-98
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• 2011

최근 지구온난화에 따른 기후변화로 홍수와 가뭄 같은 수문학적 재해가 과거에 비해 발생빈도와 크기가 변하고 있는 추세이다. 특히 가뭄은 긴 지속기간에 걸쳐 피해를 유발하므로 다른 수문학적 재해에 비해 보다 심각한 결과를 초래한다. 하지만 역설적으로 가뭄은 홍수와 달리 장기간에 거쳐 발생하므로 중요성과 심각성을 인식하기 어렵다. 따라서 가뭄의 발생에 대해 분석하고 그에 대한 대책을 마련하기 위해 여러 가지 가뭄의 종류 중 강수량과 가장 밀접한 관련이 있는 기상학적 가뭄에 대해 분석을 실시했다. 기상청에서 관측한 강수 및 온도자료를 이용하여 기상학적 가뭄지수인 팔머가뭄심도지수(Palmer Drought Severity Index), 표준강수지수(Standard Precipitation Index), EDI(Effective Drought Index)를 산정하였다. 그리고 산정된 가뭄지수를 비교분석하여, 실제 과거가뭄사상에 잘 부합되며, 일별로 지수 산정이 가능한 장점이 있는 EDI를 이용해 가뭄빈도해석을 실시하였다. 분석방법으로는 경계핵밀도함수를 이용해 EDI의 빈도해석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 대부분의 지점에서 봄철의 가뭄재현기간이 10년에서 20년 빈도 사이의 값을 나타내 다른 계절보다 봄에 가뭄이 잦음을 확인할 수 있었다. 또 영남지방과 남해안 일대의 재현기간이 상대적으로 더 짧게 나타나 지역적으로도 가뭄의 심도와 재현기간에 차이가 있음이 확인되었다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.642-648
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• 2005

This study has been conducted to investigate the thermopneumatic and flow characteristics of diffuser/nozzle based thermopneumatic micropumps. In this study, a transient three-dimensional numerical analysis using FSI (Fluid-Structure Interaction) model has been employed to analyze the effects of the interaction between the membrane and two fluids (air and water) in the thermopneumtic micropump. The transient temperature and pressure in the cavity, the transient displacements of the membrane and the net flow rate of the micropump have been closely calculated for the frequency of 1 Hz. It has been found that the difference of the flow rates at the inlet and outlet is larger in the cooling period than in the heating period and that the duty ratio is very important in association with pump performance because the temperature in the cavity ascends drastically in the heating period and descends slowly in the cooling period. This study can be regarded as fundamental understandings for the design and analysis of thermopneumatic micropumps.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.203-217
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• 2014

Due to the shift in paradigm from passive control to adaptive control, smart tuned mass dampers (STMDs) have received considerable attention for vibration control in tall buildings and bridges. STMDs are superior to tuned mass dampers (TMDs) in reducing the response of the primary structure. Unlike TMDs, STMDs are capable of accommodating the changes in primary structure properties, due to damage or deterioration, by tuning in real time based on a local feedback. In this paper, a novel adaptive-length pendulum (ALP) damper is developed and experimentally verified. Length of the pendulum is adjusted in real time using a shape memory alloy (SMA) wire actuator. This can be achieved in two ways i) by changing the amount of current in the SMA wire actuator or ii) by changing the effective length of current carrying SMA wire. Using an instantaneous frequency tracking algorithm, the dominant frequency of the structure can be tracked from a local feedback signal, then the length of pendulum is adjusted to match the dominant frequency. Effectiveness of the proposed ALP-STMD mechanism, combined with the STFT frequency tracking control algorithm, is verified experimentally on a prototype two-storey shear frame. It has been observed through experimental studies that the ALP-STMD absorbs most of the input energy associated in the vicinity of tuned frequency of the pendulum damper. The reduction of storey displacements up to 80 % when subjected to forced excitation (harmonic and chirp-signal) and a faster decay rate during free vibration is observed in the experiments.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.755-778
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• 2010

Near-fault ground motion with directivity or fling effects is significantly influenced by the rupture mechanism and substantially different from ordinary records. This class of ground motion has large amplitude and long period, exhibits unusual response spectra shapes, possesses high PGV/PGA and PGD/PGA ratios and is best characterized in the velocity and the displacement time-histories. Such ground motion is also characterized by its energy being contained in a single or very few pulses, thus capable of causing severe damage to the structures. This paper investigates the characteristics of near-fault pulse-like ground motions and their implications on the structural responses using new proposed measures, such as, the effective frequency range, the energy rate (in time and frequency domains) and the damage indices. The paper develops also simple mathematical expressions for modeling this class of ground motion and the associated structural responses, thus eliminating numerical integration of the equations of motion. An optimization technique is also developed by using energy concepts and damage indices for modeling this class of ground motion for inelastic structures at sites having limited earthquake data.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.207-213
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• 2003

본 연구는 불규칙파동장에 설치된 불투과잠제를 대상으로 잠제의 배후에서 파랑에너지의 변화특성을 고찰한다. 이를 위해 VOF법에 기초한 2차원수치파동수로를 이용하였다. VOF법은 쇄파를 포함한 자유수면의 수치 모의가 가능한 가장 효과적인 방법이다. 잠제배후에서 주파수스펙트럼의 해석결과에 의하면 쇄파는 잠제의 파랑제어능에 중요한 역할을 하고 있음을 확인하였다. 잠제의 천단상에서 쇄파가 발생하는 경우에 일렬잠제는 파에너지가 단주기측으로 이동하고 이열잠제의 경우는 스펙트럼의 피크가 뚜렷하지 않고 비슷한 크기의 에너지가 전 주파수대에 걸쳐 분포됨을 확인하였다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제37권12호
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• pp.1019-1032
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• 2004

빈도홍수량은 중ㆍ소 수공구조물의 설계에 중요한 지표로서 매우 중요하나, 자료의 부족과 설계 관습으로 인하여 홍수량을 직접해석하여 사용하지 못하고 있는 실정으로 설계호우-단위도법과 같은 간접적인 홍수량추정방법이 이용되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 수집가능한 일제시대부터 1999년까지 망라한 국내 첨두홍수량 자료를 수집하여 연 최대치 계열을 작성하고 지수홍수법에 의해서 지역홍수빈도분석을 수행하였다. 지역홍수빈도분석을 위해서 사용된 분포는 WMO(1989)가 권장한 Wakeby 분포였으며, 매개변수 추정은 Hosking(1990)의 L-모멘트를 이용하였다. 지역의 수문학적인 동질성을 위해서 Hosking과 Wallis(1993)의 불일치성, 이산성의 검정을 따랐다. 지수홍수와 상관시킨 물리적인 독립 변수는 유역면적이고, 이는 비유량이 유역면적이 커짐에 따라 작아지는 소위 멱함수 형태를 잘 따르고 있었다. 우리나라 주요유역을 4개의 유역 즉, 한강, 낙동강, 금강, 영산/섬진강으로 나누어 유역별 재현기간별 홍수량을 이러한 형태로 제시하였다. 또한 비교를 위해서 점빈도분석에 의한 지역화를 수행하여 지역빈도 분석의 결과와 비교하였다. 댐 개발전과의 비교에서는 댐의 역할이 첨두홍수량의 변화에 큰 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이 결과를 기존의 타 연구와 비교함으로써 본 연구의 타당성을 구체화할 수 있었다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.32.1-32.1
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• 2021

We present the magnetic field strengths of CTA 102 using multi-frequency data at 2.6-343.5 GHz in order to study the physical origins of radio flares. The observations at 22 and 43 GHz were conducted using the single-dish radio telescopes of the Korean VLBI Network (KVN) from December 2012 until May 2018 (MJD 56200-58400). We used multi-frequency data obtained from the Effelsberg 100-m, OVRO 40-m, Metsähovi 14-m, IRAM 30-m, SMA, ALMA, and VLBA telescopes. During the period of the observations, two major flares (R1 and R2) are seen clearly at 15 and 37 GHz during MJD 57500-57800 and MJD 58000-58300, respectively. The source shows typical variability with time-scales ranging from 20-161 days at 15 GHz. The variability Doppler factor is in the range of 11.51-31.23. The quasi-simultaneous radio data are used to investigate the synchrotron spectrum of the source, finding that the synchrotron radiation is self-absorbed. The turnover frequency and the peak flux density of the synchrotron self-absorption (SSA) spectra are in ranges of 38.06-167.86 GHz and 1.49-10.38 Jy, respectively. From the SSA spectra, magnetic field strengths are estimated to be < 10 mG. The equipartition magnetic field strengths are larger than the SSA magnetic field strengths by a factor of > 100. This indicates that the radio flares may be related to a particle energy-dominated emission region.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.253-262
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• 2015

본 연구는 보건관련학과 대학생 400명을 대상으로 대학생들의 일반적 특성 및 헌혈 관련 특성, 자아존중감, 도덕적 행동에 따른 헌혈횟수를 파악하고 이들의 관련성을 조사하여 헌혈의 특성을 파악하기 위한 연구이다. 보건관련학과 대학생 400명을 대상으로 2014년 3월부터 6월까지 설문조사하였으며, 자료분석은 기술적 통계, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson 상관계수를 SPSS 프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였다. 분석결과, 성별, 학년, 가족의 헌혈경험과 자아존중감은 헌혈횟수와 유의한 차이가 있었다. 헌혈횟수와 자아존중감 간에는 정적상관관계를 보였으며, 헌혈횟수와 도덕적 행동간에는 관련성이 없었다. 보건관련학과 대학생들의 헌혈횟수는 성별, 학년, 가족의 헌혈경험 및 자아존중감과 관련성이 있었으며, 이러한 결과를 통해 헌혈의 빈도를 높이기 위해 가족의 참여를 격려하는 것에 초점을 맞추어 헌혈 활성화를 위한 정책마련 및 홍보에 활용하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.271-287
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• 2003

Statement of problem: Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) has been increasingly served as a non-invasive and objective method for clinical monitoring of implant stability. Many clinical studies must be required for standardized baseline data using RFA. Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate RFA value changes in two stage surgery group and one stage surgery group in patients. Material and method: Forty-seven mandibles in consecutively implant installed patients were selected for this study and 141 fixtures were installed. Ninety-three fixtures were double threaded, machined surface design ($Br{\aa}anemark^{(R)}$ MK III, Nobel Biocare AB, Goteborg, Sweden) and 48 fixtures were root form, threaded, HA-coated surface one ($Replace^{TM}$, Steri-Oss/Nobel Biocare AB, USA). Among those, each 10 fixture was installed in one stage group patients. ISQ values were measured using $Osstell^{TM}$ (Integration Diagnostics Ltd. Sweden) during fixture installation, at healing abutment connection and in the loading period for two stage surgery group patients and during at each 4, 6, 8, 10, 12week and in the loading phase for one stage surgery group patients and evaluated the changes according to the time and fixture type. Results: In two stage surgery group, mean and SO of ISQ values of machined surface implants were $76.85{\pm}3.74,\;75.76{\pm}5.04,\;75.73{\pm}4.41$ and those of HA-coated surface implant were $75.05{\pm}6.23,\;77.58{\pm}5.23,\;78.32{\pm}4.29$ during fixtures installation, at healing abutment connection and in the loading period, respectively. In one-stage surgery group, the ISQ values of machined surface and HA-coated surface implants decreased until 4 or 6 week and maintained at plateau for 1-3 week and increased to the loading period. Conclusions: Machined and HA-coated surface implants showed minimal ISQ changes with time if they were installed at the sites showing at least intact cortical plate and good bone qualities. And HA-coated implants had a tendency to show somewhat increased ISQ values with time.