• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.383-392
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• 1990

This study found that that dynamics of intensity of use and economic theory of derived demand can both be accommodated through an extensive translog demand model. The basic idea in this recognition is that the skewed life cycle empirical pattern of intensity of use plotted against per capita income is of lognormal form and this lognomal intensity of use model can be mathematically transformed into an eqivalent simple translog intensity of use model. Empirical results showed that this extensive traslog model, which is a flexible function and includes both the classical case of fixed coefficients and the dynamic case of varying coefficients of the explanatory variables, gave better forecasts than the original intensity of use model and other conventional models.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.145-163
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• 2007

Service-Oriented Architecture is a style of information systems that enables the creation of applications that are built by combining loosely coupled and interoperable services. A service is an implementation of business functionality with proper granularity and invoked with well-defined interface. In service modeling, when the granularity of a service is finer, the reusability and flexibility of the service is lower. For solving this problem concerns with the service granularity, it is critical to identify and define coarse-grained services from the domain analysis model. In this paper, we define the process to identify services from the Use Case model elicited from domain analysis. A task tree is derived from Use Cases and their descriptions, and Use Cases are reconstructed by the composition and decomposition of the task tree. Reconstructed Use Cases are defined and specified as services. Because our method is based on the widely used UML Use Case models, it can be helpful to minimize time and cost for developing services in various platforms and domains.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.3685-3690
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• 2015

Background: Low-dose oral contraceptives (OC) were approved by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare in 1999, yet despite their contraceptive and non-contraceptive health benefits, only 5% of the target population use them. Fear of increased cancer risk, particularly breast cancer, is one reason for this. Due to low OC uptake and low screening participation, a paucity of data is available on the risk of OC use and breast cancer in Japanese women. The present study investigated OC use and breast cancer risk, as well as menstrual, reproductive and family factors. Materials and Methods: This was a clinic-based case-control study of women aged 20-69yrs who had undergone breast screening between January 2007 and December 2013 in central Tokyo. In all, 28.8% of the participants had experience with OC use. Cases were 155 women with a pathologically confirmed diagnosis of breast cancer. Controls were the remaining 12,333 women. Results: Increased age was a significant risk factor for breast cancer (p<0.001). A lower risk was found in premenopausal women presently taking OC compared to never users (OR 0.45; 95% CI 0.22-0.90) after adjusting for age, parity and breast feeding, and a family history of breast cancer. Conclusions: Increased age rather than OC use had a greater effect on breast cancer risk. This risk may be decreased in premenopausal women with OC use, but further long-term prospective studies are necessary.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.12D no.7 s.103
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• pp.1071-1078
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• 2005

Use case modeling is a widely used technique for functional requirements analysis of business system but it is difficult to identify a use cases at the right level and use case specifications are too long and confusing. It is also hard to determine a functional decomposition Phases·s of use cases. Therefore customer doesn't understand the use cases. This paper is defining concept of the Information Structure Modeling(ISM) and analyzing business system for the customer's perspective. ISM is an efficient mechanism for analyzing user requirements and for Identifying objects in a business system using Attribute Structure Diagram which is a major tool of the ISM that describes user event. This paper is also to show how the classes are classified and derived as event-asset-transaction type in ISM. It provides a user-friendly approach to visually representing business model.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.257-268
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• 2017

Objectives: This study was conducted to review the Toxic UseReduction Act of Massachusetts, USA, which has been evaluated as a successfulcase of a chemical reduction policy, and to search for ways to introduce it inKorea. Methods: We analyzed the implementation of the TURA by attending TUR Planning Course of the Toxic Use Reduction Institute in Massachusetts and researching the related literature. Results: As TURA took effect, the use of chemicals in Massachusetts was reduced, and cost savings were achieved in workplaces. The success factors for the legislation are considered to be support form the federal and state governments and the active participation of business and civic group. Domestic efforts to reduce toxic substances have already begun, so if the process of TURA is appropriately applied to domestic legislation of chemicals control, it would be expected to produce visible results. Therefore, we reviewed the 'Act on Chemicals Registration and Assessment', 'Act on Chemical Control' and 'Act on the Integrated Control of Pollutant-Discharging Facilities' and sought solution for applying TURA to each piece of legislation. For the first case, 'Toxic or Hazardous Substance List' and 'Establishment of Toxic Use Fee' is applicable. For the second case, 'Annual Toxic or Hazardous Substance Reports' is applicable. For the third case, 'Toxic Reduction Plans' and 'Toxics Use Reduction Institute and 'Toxic Use Reduction Planners' is applicable. Conclusions: The government should take notice appropriateness for the reduction of toxic chemicals and provide financial support. Businesses should invest in technologies that build trust with local communities, improve productivity, and reduce costs. Finally, civic group should cooperate with government and businesses.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.1403-1407
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• 2005

In order to analyze the water storage of the Daecheong dam after constructing the Yongdam dam situated in upstream, a daily cascaded simulation model for analyzing water storages in the Yongdam-Daecheong dams was developed. Operation scenarios of the Yongdam dam were selected to 8 cases with the combinations of downstream outflows and water supplies to the Jeonju region. Daily water storages in the Daecheong dam was analyzed daily by simulating from 1983 to 2004. The results are summarized as follows. Firstly, water supplies from the Daecheong dam were analyzed to amount $1,964.2Mm^3$ on a yearly average in case without the Yongdam dam. In case with the Yongdam dam, water supplies from the Daecheong dam were analyzed to amount $1,858.7\~1,927.3Mm^3$ in case with downstream outflow of $5\;m^3$ is, and were analyzed to amount $1,994.9\~2,017.8Mm^3$ in case with downstream outflow of $10\;m^3/s $. These values are compared to $1,649Mm^3$ applied in design. Secondly, reservoir use rate which was defined rate of water supply to effective water storage reached $241.3\% in case without the Yongdam dam. In case with the Yongdam dam, reservoir use rate reached $228.3\~236.8\% In case with downstream outflow of $5\;m^3/s$, and reached $245.1\~247.9\% in case with downstream outflow of $10\;m^3/s$. Thirdly, runoff rate which is defined rate of dam inflow to areal rainfall reached $57.3\% in case without the Yongdam dam. In case with the Yongdam dam, reservoir use rate reached $62.0\~68.4\% in case with downstream outflow of $5\;m^3/s$, and reached $64.1\~68.5\% in case with downstream outflow of $10\;m^3/s$. Fourth, in case with downstream outflow of $10\;m^3/s$ is from the Yongdam dam, appropriate water supply amounts to the Jeonju region were analyzed to only $0.50Mm^3/day$ from the daily simulation of water storages in the Yongdam dam. Comprehensively, water supply capacity of the Daecheong dam was analyzed to affect in small amounts in spite of the construction of the Yonsdam dam. It is effected to achieve the effective water management of the Yongdam dam and the Daecheong dam by using the developed cascaded model.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.51-61
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• 2007

This study is aimed to provide a guide for PC use space in apartment. To achieve this, a design about PC use space which was considered adequate location, area, form was suggested. As methods of the study, survey research method and case study. The survey was taken by five hundred-eighty-nine people who used PCs in apartment from May 2005 to July 2005 in JeJu Special Self-governing Province for an analysis of data. The results of the survey were showed PC use space situation and furnitures layout patterns. The case was classified by unit plans of size, and it showed design example of PC use space. In types of $61{\sim}69$ square meters ($m^2$), PC use space was located in dead-space in the residence with minimum scale, because of $61{\sim}69$ square meters types are smaller than the other types. In types $100{\sim}129$ square meters, PC use space which was divided with a partition panel was located in the livingroom expanding the room space to the balcony. In types of 130 square meters, PC use space was located in the room of sons or daughters which was arranged with other furniture. The adequate area of PC use space is $1.4{\sim}2.2$ square meters, and it should take into account furniture size and human active sphere. And PC use space of form should consider traffic line, personal space and privacy. Besides it is required of ergonomic design in chair, table in its scale. And it is necessary development of systematic furniture for PC use space.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.57-67
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• 2016

Purpose: Laws and regulations of land use are enormous, and the appliance of regulations is overlapped redundantly. Therefore, there are many problems such as time consuming in the process, limiting individual property rights, and interrupting enterprises' economic activities. This study will discuss problems of redundant regulations of land use and its improvement by figuring out current regulations of land use in Gyeonggi-do, one of provinces which applies the most various regulations of land use. Method: This study reviews laws on national land-use planning system and characteristics of land-use regulation in Korea. The extent of the review is limited to "framework act on the regulation of land use" with categories of national land, urban planing, architecture, etc. Through case studies in Gyeonggi-do, the status and problems of redundant regulations of land use are defined. For example, it is overlapped in "Seoul Metropolitan Area Readjustment Planning Act", Development Restriction Zone, Paldang Special District, and so on. It is mainly referred to 2015 Gyeonggi-do land-use restriction map. Result: First, Gyeonggi-do confronts many problems related to the development restrictions and the financial increasement for environmental management by redundant regulations. The development restrictions include supplying additional land for industrial use, relocating colleges, and height limitation relating to military facilities. Second, in order to organize redundant regulations, it is required to combine similar regulations and adjust through communication system among other departments. Third, regulations should consider unique local condition of each district. Lastly, efficient application of regulations is necessary so as to maximize the function of land, protect individual property rights, and stimulate local development.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.33
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• pp.117-142
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• 1997

This study is on perfume case that is one of a great number of ornaments which was designed by out ancestors. We had developed the tradition and the history of perfume case bag fan-weight etc. These have the same function as the present perfume. case. There were basket-shaped perfume cases which were the smellest one among the personal girdle ornaments in the silla era. The various patterned perfume case were made of gold metal coral platinum or green jadeite etc. In the single-crop trinkets a embroidered perfume bag with the gold and silver thread whose forms perfectly match their functions appeared during the Yi Dynasty. There was also a perfume bag which was one of the daily necessities. A precious "jul perfume" was carried by noble women. A fan-weight perfume bag was attached to the fan to emphasize the intrinsic beauty of utility and function. It is necessary to know the function of prefume case. As perfume case is weared on the clothes it was given more decorative effects as well as the function of medicinal amulet with a sweet smell. Therefore it is very important for us to study perfume case that has various function as an ornament. So The purpose of this study is to investigate the practical and decorative side of perfume case with the general examines of perfume finding how to practice use through our life. The results were as follows; 1. The first use of perfume is perfume through smoke which is for ceremony of religion It removes human body odor by degrees and spreads a sweet odor. Also the materials for making perfume of early age is aromatic plants which will be used flour-made flowers stems. As the materials for making perfume use is increasing today we can invent alcohol perfume today 2. Our country the custom of perfume-used is wide. Among them men's perfume-used was very special phenomenon. For example men were wearing perfume bag in the Silla era. Because perfume represented wealth and noble in those days. They shew off social position personality through perfume-used. 3. One of early religion ceremony article there was the perfume. And perfume case was means for containing perfume. Gradually the perfume case was used widly as increasing needs of perfume in human life. 4. In the middle period of 'Koryo' Dynasty perfume cases had a close relationship with clothes but after Mongolian has been attacked 'Koryo' there were changes in wearing clothes therefore the position of perfume cases were transfered to coat string that was the origin of decoration style that they began. That is to say the perfume case has been influenced the position of perfume case shapes with changing of fashion. 5. The perfume case has been made manifest various function as an ornament. In the practical side First medical-perfume in perfume case has been played an important role in first-aid medicine in critical condition. Second it was amulet for self protection. That is the shape pattern color materials perfume of the perfume case was represented the amuletive nature. Third it was used as substitute article of perfume. Modern women use liquid-perfume as our ancestors used perfume case bag or jul perfume As started above. Also In the decorative side the perfume case has a beautiful formative arts by itself as well as a close relationship with clothes. That well as a close relationship with clothes. That is when the perfume case is worn on the clothes costume is showed aesthetices. That is the materials shapes color pattern of the perfume case we can see the visual beauty also the materials colors embroidered pattern knots tassel that are used the perfume case are increased the decorative beauty of costume. Sixth the symbol in pattern of the pattern case is shown ancetor's wealth and rank health longevity immortality many-born-boy in those days. Today the perfume case is not used with changing of costume by degrees, Accordingly I hope that the result of this study is an influened in devlopment of the perfume case design with matching the modern fashion.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2010

The objective of the research is to analyze changing trend of water discharge in precipitation, according to changing land use, through an environment-friendly urban development method called LID. The study chose S1 basin (Separated Sewer districts) in Cheongju region for survey. Among LID methods, relatively more applicable methods of green rooftop space and parking lot with permeable material were selected to construct plausible scenarios. Curve Number (CN) value was calculated due to land use patterns in each scenario, and SWMM model simulation were conducted during 2008 for comparative analysis. For Case 1, only parking lot with permeable material was applied to the scenario. Green rooftop space I and II were applied to Case 2 and 3 respectively. For Case 4 and 5, green rooftop space I and II were applied, in addition to parking lot with permeable material, Calculation of CN value showed that for S1 basin, the value was 88.1 (prior to scenario application), 86.5 (Case 1), 81.9 (Case 2), 68.5 (Case 3), 80.4 (Case 4) and 67.2 (Case 5). Changing pattern of rain water discharge was analyzed for each scenario. For Case 1, the change was not remarkable before and after application of scenario. In Case 2 and 4, the impact of rain water discharge as source of pollutant fell to 20~30%. The rate dropped to 30~50% in Case 3 and 5 respectively. The result demonstrates that the amount of rain water discharge, amount and frequency of sewer overflow, frequency of rain water discharge, and pollution load decreased in accordance with declining CN value in each scenario. In installing green rooftop space, the effect was twice greater when rain water discharge was directly infiltrated into soil.