• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the smartphone use patterns of smartphone-dependent children. Methods: The study design was a cross-sectional descriptive study. The data were derived from the 2017 survey on smartphone over-dependence conducted by the Ministry of Science and ICT and the National Information Society Agency. The study sample was 595 elementary school students identified as being smartphone-dependent. The data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, the independent t-test, the x² test, the Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. Results: The frequency of smartphone use was the factor strongly associated with more severe smartphone dependence in participants. Games were the most commonly used application type among participants, regardless of their degree of dependence. More severe smartphone dependence was associated with greater use of applications such as learning and television/video. Conclusion: As smartphone dependence becomes more severe, children tend to use their smartphones more frequently and to use applications that involve solitary play for the purposes of entertainment and pleasure. The findings suggest that the parents should attentively monitor their children's smartphone use patterns and provide consistent discipline in a way that ensures appropriate smartphone use.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Corpus Research
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.57-72
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• 2020

This study seeks to add to the current understanding of learners' use of modality in argumentative writing. A learner corpus of argumentative essays on four topics was created and compared to native English speaker data from the International Corpus Network of Asian Learners of English (ICNALE). The relationship between learners' use of modal devices (MDs) and the devices' appearance in the school's curriculum was also examined. The results showed that learners relied on a very narrow range of MDs compared to those in previous studies. The frequency of use of MDs varied based on the topic and did not seem to be driven by cultural factors as has been previously suggested. Learners used more hedges than boosters on all topics, contradicting most previous studies. Curriculum was determined to have a direct correlation with MD use, and other important factors may include perception of topic and overreliance on certain MDs over others (the One-to-One principal). This research implies that learners' perception of topic should be explored further as a variable affecting MD use. Curricula should be designed based on frequency of MD use by English native speakers, and learners should receive instruction that teaches the norms of MD use in academic writing. The methodology used in the study to determine correlations between MD use and the curriculum has a wide range of potential applications in the field of Contrastive Interlanguage Analysis.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.95-107
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• 1989

In this study one aspect of consumer behavior in household equipment utilization was investigated the pattern, frequency, rate of washer use and their relation to the following factors a) Washer related factors : extent of the presence of desired characteristics, the evaluation of washer's intrinsic features and related household facilities. b) Psycho-social factors : attitude of energy conservation, preference & ability to wash by hand, standard of washing of the respondent homemaker. c) Socio-demographic factors : age, education level and employment status of homemaker, house-hold income, the presence of children under seven years, size of family, the presence of a paid help. The subjects of this study were 286 homemakers with washer in Seoul. Analysis methods were used to fuequency, one-way ANOVA, Gamma test, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, t-test and multiple regression of SPSS program. The major findings are the following; 1) The pattern, frequency, rate of washe use appeared various in every household. 2) Extent of the presence of desired characteristics was very low and respondents evaluated their washer's intrinsic features moderate. 3) The pattern of washer use was affected by the evaluation of washer's intrinsic features, preference & ability to wash by hand, wife's employment and household income. The frequency of washer use was affected by family size and preference & ability to wash by hand. The rate of washer use was affected by extent of the presence of desired characteristics, the evaluation of washer's intrinsic features and preference & ability to wash by hand. Therefore, washing by hand is major substitute for washer. If more desired characteristics are added to washer, intrinsic features are improved, and maintenance costs are reduced or household income is raised, every houshold with washer will use washer more than washing by hand in washing ask so that it may gain more utility from washer.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.269-280
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between HMR use and eating habits in young Korean adults. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 575 adults (232 men, 343 women) in their 20s and 30s in Korea. Their use of HMRs (classified as ready-to-eat, ready-to-cook, and fresh convenience foods) and eating habits were surveyed. The main reasons for HMR use by men and women were convenience (54.7%, 64.4%) and promptness (24.2%, 24.2%), respectively. The most frequent place for HMR purchase was a convenience store (74.1% and 65.0%, respectively). Regarding the frequency of HMR use, 1~2 times a week was the highest for ready-to-eat (40.9%) and ready-to-cook (30.1%), while no eating was the highest for fresh convenience foods (41.0%). HMR preference was the highest (3.8 out of 5 on a 5-point scale) for ready-to-eat, followed by ready-to-cook (3.3 points) and fresh convenience foods (3.3 points). The use frequency and preference of total HMRs, ready-to-eat foods, and ready-to-eat foods were positively correlated with unfavorable eating habits, including unbalanced eating, overeating, salty eating, spicy eating, skipping, and irregular meals. However, fresh convenience foods showed negative correlations with unbalanced eating, overeating, and salty eating. The use frequency and preference of total HMRs, ready-to-eat foods, and ready-to-cook foods were positively correlated with undesirable eating habits. However, fresh convenience food showed a negative correlation with eating habits such as unbalanced, overeating, and salty eating. These results should be considered for favorable food production and consumer guidance to promote healthy food choices.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.953-962
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• 2018

Recently, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications of Japan has reported on a plan for the "effective use of radio waves" to be promoted in the 2020s. This includes promotion of the effective use of public frequencies, reviews of frequency allocation and transition systems, and spectrum usage fee system. Based on the proposals in this study, concrete systems for revising related laws, such as the Radio Law, will be designed and implemented. In addition, the government will jointly conduct research and development as well as verification tests in cooperation with industry, academia, and government. A plan to improve the system for the effective use of radio waves will then be devised. This study examines the policy directions of the frequency utilization system that Japan plans to use for radio waves in the 2020s. The policy directions are analyzed selectively while considering the radio waves utilization system in Korea, and implications for domestic applications are derived. Based on the research from this study, analyzing the radio policies of advanced countries, including those of England and the United States, and utilizing them to establish an effective use plan of radio waves in Korea are deemed necessary.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.62 no.7
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• pp.891-897
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• 2013

The power system frequency plays an important role in monitoring and controlling the power system. The frequency can be measured through discrete Fourier transform (DFT) coefficients of its positive fundamental frequency. The accuracy of the frequency estimate is severely affected by noise in the power system signal and the leakage effect of the negative fundamental frequency in DFT. This paper proposes a DFT-based frequency estimation algorithm to cope with the noise as well as the leakage effect. In this algorithm, two suitable digital filters are introduced to reduce efficiently frequency estimate error due to the noise. These filters are designed to use a digital bandpass filter and a second-degree integrator. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in reduction of frequency estimate error is verified through simulations on noise, harmonics and frequency deviation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.182-190
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• 1993

In manufacturing process of semiconductor package, the thermal stress owing to high temperature in moulding and the bubbles generated in chip bonding process become main causes to produce void. On this study we evaluated quantitatively void size by use of ultrasonic spectroscopy method which analyze the reflective pulses with broad band frequency in frequency domain, and after destructive testing we verified effectiv- eness of sizing void by use of ultasonic spectroscopy.

• Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.61-81
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• 2004

This paper will look at some grammatical phenomena which will illustrate some of the questions that can be addressed with a corpus-based approach. We will use this approach to investigate the following subjects in English grammar: number ambiguity, subject-verb concord, concord with measure expressions, and (reflexive) pronoun choice in coordinated noun phrases. We will emphasize the distinctive features of the corpus-based approach, particularly its strengths in investigating language use, as opposed to traditional descriptions or prescriptions of structure in English grammar. This paper will show that a corpus-based approach has made it possible to conduct new kinds of investigations into grammar in use and to expand the scope of earlier investigations. Native speakers rarely have accurate information about frequency of use. A large representative corpus (i.e., The British National Corpus) is one of the most reliable sources of frequency information. It is important to base an analysis of language on real data rather than intuition. Any description of grammar is more complete and accurate if it is based on a body of real data.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1994.06a
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• pp.919-924
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• 1994

The use of adaptive feedback cancellation to prevent howling requires a reference signal that is correlated with the feedback signal by is not correlated with the input signal. Such a signal is hard to obtain in hearing aids. In this paper, the use fo frequency compression to decorrelate the output signal with input signal for use as reference is presented. Performance evaluation results indicate that with the proper choice of system parameters, the use of this system can provide a significant increase in howling margin with minimal deterioration in output signal quality.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.480-485
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• 2012

Use of photovoltaic (PV) power generation system will become more widespread in the future due to anticipated cost reduction in PV technology. As the capacity of PV systems increases, a variation of power system frequency may prevent the stable output of PV system. However, the standard for the frequency protection of distributed generation in Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO)'s rule does not include the setting of frequency protection. Therefore, this paper analyzes the correlation between the frequency protection requirements and the stability of grid-connected PV system for the adjustable operating setting of frequency protection. The distribution system interconnected with 3 MW PV system is modeled by Matlab/Simulink. The various values of frequency are simulated. For studied cases, the stability of PV system is analyzed. It is concluded that the setting of frequency protection is necessary to consider the stability of PV system.