• 한국산업보건학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.53-62
• /
• 2010

일샵 종사자들의 1) 공기 중 화학물질에 대한 노출정도를 파악하고 2) 공기 중 미량으로 존재하는 아세톤 및 톨루엔과 요 중 아세톤 및 마뇨산과의 연관성을 분석하여 후자들이 아직도 생물학적인 지표로 유용한지를 알아보고자 본 연구를 실시하였다. 경인 지역소재 9개의 네일숍에 근무하는 20명의 종사자들을 노출군으로 선정하였으며 이 작업과 무관한 일반 여성 20명을 대조군 선정하였다. 작업장 공기는 한 네일숍에 3개씩 총 27개의 시료를 가능한 한 작업자의 호흡영역에서 가장 가까운 곳에서 지역시료로 채취하였다. 공기 중 유기증기 13개 물질, 포름알데히드, 요 중 아세톤, 요 중 마뇨산을 가스크로마토그래프, 자외선분광광도계 그리고 GC/MS를 이용하여 분석하였다. 유기증기 13개 물질 중 아세톤과 톨루엔은 모든 네일샵에서 검출되었다. 각 네일샵 공기 중 유기증기의 노출정도를 기하평균(GM)과 복합물질간 상가작용을 이용하여 평가를 하였을 때 노동부 노출기준의 10%, ACGIH의 13% 수준에 불과하여 네일샵 종사자들의 유기증기에 대한 직업적인 노출정도는 매우 낮은 것으로 판단되었다. 요 중 아세톤과 마뇨산은 공기 중 아세톤과 툴루엔과 약한 상관성을 보였다(아세톤의 상관 계수 r=0.49, 톨루엔의 상관계수 r=0.45). 그러나 요 중 아세톤의 농도가 노출군과 대조군 간에 통계적으로 유의하지 않았으며 마뇨산은 대조군에 비해 노출군에서 약간 높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 저자들은 공기 중 아세톤과 톨루엔의 농도가 낮은 작업장에서 요 중 아세톤과 마뇨산을 생물학적 지표로 삼는 것은 적절하지 못한 것으로 결론지었다.

• 분석과학
• /
• 제19권5호
• /
• pp.433-440
• /
• 2006

본 연구에서는 톨루엔, 크실렌, 스티렌 등의 폭로에 대한 측정지표로써 체내에서 대사되어 뇨로 배설되는 마뇨산, 메틸마뇨산, 만델산과 페닐글리옥실산에 대한 신속한 동시분석법을 개발하였다. 일반 충전형 ODS 칼럼과 달리 빠른 유속에서도 고분리능을 구현할 수 있는 monolithic 칼럼을 사용하였고, 이동상으로는 ion-pairing reagent인 tetrabutylammonium bromide 5.5 g과 potassium phosphate monobasic 1.5 g을 증류수 1 L에 녹인 후, 메탄올 0.6 L와 혼합하여 조제한 것을 사용하였으며, 유속 2.4 mL/min에서 분석한 결과, 6종의 유기용매 대사체들을 2.5분 이내에 검출하였다. 일정 농도 범위 내에서 6종 화합물 모두 검량선의 상관계수($r^2$)가 0.9993 이상으로 양호한 직선성을 나타내었다. 각 화합물별로 5가지 농도에 대하여 하루에 5번 반복 실험하여 구한 일내 정밀성 %C.V.와 정확성은 0.01~7.32%, 83.9~116.3%이고 5일간 반복 실험하여 구한 일간 정밀성 %C.V.는 0.01~7.16%이다. 본 분석법은 뇨 중 유기용매 대사체의 분석에 필요한 충분한 감도와 특이성, 직선성, 정확성 및 정밀성을 가지며, 한국산업안전공단 산하 산업안전보건연구원 직업병연구센터의 정도관리 소변시료를 분석 비교하여 그 신뢰성을 확보하였다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.71-85
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this study was to evaluate concentrations of organic solvent mixtures in air of rotogravure printing workplaces. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of organic solvents contained in the gravure inks used at rotogravure factories had been done. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The gravure inks mainly consist of toluene, methyl ethyl ketone(MEK), and ethyl acetate(EA), and traces of isopropyl alcohol(IPA), xylene, 2-butanol, cyclohexane, cellosolve etc were also contained in them. 2. Thinner used as a diluent consist of toluene, MEK, and EA. 3. Geometric mean concentration of toluene in ambient air were 23.81 ppm at gravure printing of packing material, 42.10 ppm at gravure printing of wallpaper, 16.95 ppm at gravure printing of plastic bottle for beverage and 4.31 ppm at gravure printing of plywood printing or floor covering. Concentrations of toluene in ambient air showed statistically significant difference between types of printing. 4. Concentrations of MEK in ambient air were 12.43 ppm at gravure printing of packing material, 5.47 ppm at gravure printing of wallpaper, 16.78 ppm at gravure printing of plastic bottle for beverage and 16.44 ppm at gravure printing of plywood printing or floor covering. MEK concentrations in ambient air showed no significant difference. 5. Conentrations of EA were 14.30 ppm at gravure printing of packing material, 1.92 ppm at gravure printing of wallpaper and 21.12 ppm at gravure printing of plywood printing or floor covering. EA concentrations in ambient air shown significant difference. 6. Percentage of the workplaces where the ambient air concentration of organic solvent mixtures exceeded the Korean Permissble Exposure Level(KPEL) amounted to 18.03%. 7. Toluene concentrations in ambient air of rotogravure printing workplaces ranged from 0.69 to 156.02 ppm and urinary hippuric acid excretion ranged from 0.10 to $1.32g/{\ell}$.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.363-375
• /
• 1989

It has been well known that peripheral infusion of angiotensin II results in an increase of blood pressure, and an elevation of aldosterone secretion, and an inhibition of renin relase. However, the direct effect of angiotensin II on renal function has not been clearly established. In the present study, to investigate the effect of angiotensin II on renal function and renin release, angiotensin II (0.3, 3 and 10 ng/kg/min) was infused into a unilateral renal artery of the unanesthetized rabbit and changes in renal function and active and inactive renin secretion rate (ARSR, IRSR) were measured. In addition, to determine the relationship between the renal effect of angiotensin II and adenosine, the angiotensin II effect was evaluated in the presence of simultaneously infused 8-phenyltheophylline (8-PT, 30 nmole/min), adenosine A 1 receptor antagonist. Angiotensin II infusion at dose less than 10 ng/kg/min decreased urine flow, clearances of para-amino-hippuric acid and creatinine, and urinary excretion of electrolytes in dose-dependent manner. The changes in urine flow and sodium excretion were significantly correlated with the change in renal hemodynamics. Infusion of angiotensin II at 10 ng/kg/min also decreased ARSR, but it has no significant effect on IRSR. The change in ARSR was inversely correlated with the change in IRSR. The plasma concentration of catecholamine was not altered by an intarenal infusion of angiotensin II. In the presence of 8-PT in the infusate, the effect of angiotensin II on renal function was significantly attenuated, but that on renin secretion was not modified. These results suggest that the reduction in urine flow and Na excretion during intrarenal infusion of angiotensin II was not due to direct inhibitions of renal tubular transport systems, but to alterations of renal hemodynamics which may partly be mediated by the adenosine receptor.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.147-164
• /
• 1993

A study has been conducted on developing questionnaires to serve as on site diagnostic tools for the early detection of neuropsychiatric impairment among workers chronically exposed to low-level organic solvents. Two drafts of tentative questionnaires have been developed as follows; several question items were selected from questionnaires which were administered to workers exposed to organic solvents in previous studios and were grouped into each symptom category based on the presence of its association using Guttman scaling method, then these selected items were reviewed by neuropsychiatry specialists. The final draft of the questionnaire (total symptom score=36) was developed by selecting 33 question items which had more than a 0.88 Guttman coefficient of reproducibility in each symptom category from a pilot study in which these tentative questionnaires were administered to workers manufacturing soles. Three plants using organic solvents and one plant never using organic solvents as a control group were selected to test the reliability and validity of the developed questionnaires. The major organic solvent in the workplace environment detected by a personal air sampler and GC/MSD nab toluene. The concentration of toluene in air from the department using organic solvent was statistically different from that of the department never using organic solvent. The concentration of toluene from almost all of the workplace did not exceed the allowable level. There was no statistically significant difference between the concentration of urinary hippuric acid from the workers of the department using organic solvent and that of the department never using it. Total symptom score of the plant never using organic solvents was 9.8 and those of the three plants using organic solvents were 15.6, 14.7, and 13,7 respectively. In order to evaluate the validity of the questionnaires, the workers from two different departments of the plant in which usage of organic solvents are totally dofferemt were compared. The total symptom score was 17.8 for workers of the department using organic solvent and 13.5 for the department never using organic solvent and scores of each symptom group between exposure and non-exposure group also showed statistically significant difference. The finding that total symptom score of the exposure group increased as the duration of employment increased indirectly suggests the usefulness of the developed questionnaire to assess the health effects of chronic exposure to organic solvents. The correlation coefficient, which was calculated to evaluate the test-retest reliability, was 0.581 (p=0.001). The coefficient of Crohnbach which reflects the internal consistency of the questionnaire was 0.91. In conclusion, the reliabilty of the questionnaire was well maintained over the time lapse between the two administrations of the questionnaire and despite the seasonal difference.