• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.1049-1055
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• 1995

This study was designed to investigate the effects of calcium supplementation on calcium metabolism in seven healthy college women, aged from 19 to 21 years old. For this purpose, metabolic studies were conducted for two weeks. During the first week, the subjects ate experimental diet which nutrients composition was similar to their usual intake. And during the consecutive second week, they ate the same experimental diet supplemented with 500mg of calcium daily. The results were summarized as follows ; 1) Fecal excretion of calcium increased significantly (P<0.05), but urinary excretion of that did not show any change after supplementary intake of calcium. 2) Mean apparent calcium absorption was 28.5% and retention was 182mg/day when subjects ate the experimental diet without calcium supplementation. Calcium retention was significantly ate the experimental diet without calcium supplementation. Calcium retention was decreased to 24.1% by additional intake of calcium. 3) Phosphorus balance did not show any change after additional intake of calcium. 4) Serum calcium level was also not changed by additional intake of calcium. 5) Serum calcium level increased significantly(P<0.05) but serum phosphorus level did not show any change after additional intake of calcium. The above results showed that supplementation of 500mg calcium daily can be helpful to increase calcium retention as well as the peak bone mass in young women eating usual Korean diets.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.936-942
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• 1997

The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary protein and magnesium levels on calcium and magnesium metabolism in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Forty-eight male rats(average weight, 210g) divided into six diet groups; protein 8% and Mg-free diet, protein 8% and Mg 400mg/kg diet, protein 8% and Mg 900mg/kg diet, protein 20% and Mg-free diet, protein 20% nd Mg 400mg/kg diet, and protein 20% and Mg 800mg/kg diet group. After the rats were fed with experimental diets concentration were examined. Kidney weight was significantly higher in protein 8% and Mg-free group compared with other groups. Serum calcium concentration of protein8% group tended to decrease with the increase of the level of magnesium. Serum magnesium concentration in protein 8% and 20% group was lower in Mg-free group than that in other groups(p<0.05) and it also increased as the dietary magnesium level was increased. Urinary calcium and magnesium concentration in Mg-free group were significantly lower than those of other groups.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2008

In the Indian traditional medicine, Lippia nodiflora (Verbenaceae) whole plant is claimed to possess powerful diuretic activity. However, the diuretic potential of this plant is not yet investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diuretic potential of methanol extract of Lippia nodiflora (MELN) in rats. Control (0.9% saline solution, 25 ml/kg, b.w) or urea (1 g/kg b.w) or frusemide (5 mg/kg b.w) and different concentrations of MELN (200 and 400 mg/kg b.w) were intraperitoneally administered (n = 6 per each treatment group) to hydrated rats and their urine output was monitored over a period of 5 h and 24 h after drug administration. The diuretic responses with its electrolyte excretion potency of the extract were highly remarkable in comparison with control animals. The extract at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg shows a significant increase in volume of urine with increase in $Na^{+}$, $Ca^{2+}$ and $Cl^{-}$ excretion accompanied by the excretion of $K^{+}$ in dose dependent manner. This study suggests that the active component(s) in MELN had similar diuretic effect to that of frusemide. These results validate the traditional use of Lippia nodiflora as a diuretic agent.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.60-65
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• 2005

The human solute carrier, SLC41Al, is a $Mg^{2}+$ transporter that is regulated by extracellular magnesium. Although intracellular magnesium plays a fundamental role in cellular metabolism, little is known about how $Mg^{2}+$ is taken up and controlled by cells. Magnesium plays a fundamental role in cellular metabolism so that its control within the body is critical. Magnesium homeostasis is principally a balance between intestinal absorption of dietary magnesium and renal excretion of urinary magnesium. The kidney, mainly the distal convoluted tubule, controls magnesium reabsorption. Although renal reabsorption is under the influence of many hormones, selective regulation of magnesium transport is due to intrinsic control involving transcriptional processes and synthesis of transport proteins. Using microarray analysis, identification of the genetic elements involved with this transcriptional control has been begun. SLC41A1(GenBank Accession No. AJ514402), comprises 10 putative transmembrane domains, two of which are highly homologous to the integral membrane part of the prokaryote transports $Mg^{2}+$ and other divalent cations $Sr^2+,\;Zn^2+,\;Cu^2+,\;Fe^2+,\;Co^2+,\;Ba^2+,\;and\;Cd^2+,\;but\;not\;Ca^2+,\;Mn^2+,\;and\;Ni^2+.$ Transport of $Mg^{2}+$ by SLC41Al is rheogenic, voltage dependent, and not coupled to Na or Cl. Expressed SLC41Al transports a range of other divalent cations: $Mg^{2+},\;Sr^{2+},\;Zn^{2+},\;Cu^{2+},\;Fe^{2+},\;Co^{2+},\;Ba^{2+},\;and\;Cd^{2+}$. The divalent cations $Ca^{2+},\;Mn^{2+},\;and\;Ni^{2+}$and the trivalent ion $Gd^{3+}$ did not induce currents nor did they inhibit $Mg^{2+}$ transport. The nonselective cation $La^{3+}$ abolishes $Mg^{2+}$ uptake. Computer analysis of the SLC41Al protein structure reveals that it belongs to MgtE protein family & suggested that the human solute carrier, SLC41Al, might be a eukaryotic $Mg^{2+}$ transporter closely related $(60-70\%)$ protein encoded by SLC41A2 is a $Mg^{2}+$ transporter that might be involved in magnesium homeostasis in epithelial cells also transports a range of other divalent cations: $Ba^2,\;Ni^2,\;CO^2,\;Fe^2,\;or\;Mn^2,\;but\;not\;Ca^2,\;Zn^2,\;or\;Cu^{2+}$ that may have related functional properties.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.146-153
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• 2011

목적 : 야간다뇨증과 요실금을 가진 아동에서 고칼슘뇨증이 원인적 요인의 하나로 관여할 수 있다는 보고가 있으며, 일부 연구자들은 야뇨증을 가진 아동들을 진단함에 있어서 소변내로의 칼슘배설의 정도를 측정할 것을 권유하였다. 그러나 다른 연구자들은 야뇨증과 소변내로의 칼슘배설 사이에 의미있는 연관성을 입증하지 못했다. 이에 저자들은 일차성 단일증상성 야뇨증을 가진 환아들을 대상으로 소변내로의 칼슘 배설을 측정하여 야뇨증과의 관련성을 조사하였다. 방법:야뇨증으로 처음 진단 받은 5세 이상의 환자 36명을 대상으로 하였다. 혈장 칼슘농도를 측정하였으며, 단회뇨를 이용한 소변검사를 통해서 소변 삼투압, Na, 요소 및 Ca/Cr 농도비를 동시에 측정하였다. 24시간 소변의 채집은 오전 8시부터-오후 8시, 오후 8시부터-다음날 오전 8시로 두 번에 나누어 채집하였으며 각각의 소변 20-40 mL를 이용하여 삼투압과 Ca/Cr농도 비를 산출하였다. 고칼슘뇨증의 정의는 야뇨증 진단 당시에 주간(오전 8시-오후 8시)과 야간(오후 8시-오전 8시)으로 나누어 채집한 단회성 소변검사상에서 칼슘/크레아티닌 비가>0.2 이상이면서 24시간뇨 검사상 칼슘의 배설량이 ${\geq}4mg/kg$ 이상인 경우로 정의하였다. 결과: 36명의 환자 중에서 고칼슘뇨증에 해당하는 경우는 6명으로 16.7%의 빈도를 보였다. 고칼슘 뇨군에서의 단회뇨를 이용한 칼슘/크레아티닌 비는 주간뇨 검사에서는 $0.23{\pm}0.10$, 야간뇨 검사에서는 $0.33{\pm}0.10$로 야간뇨 검사에서 높았으나, 통계적인 유의성은 없었다. 24시간뇨 검사상의 평균 칼슘 배설량은 체중 (kg)당 8.95 mg이었다. 혈청 칼슘 농도와 주간/야간 소변량의 비도 고칼슘뇨군과 정상 칼슘군 사이에서 차이가 없었다. 또한 소변의 osmolality, Na 농도, 요소 농도 등도 양군사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 또한 주간이나 야간에 채집된 뇨에서 각각의 해당 기간 동안의 소변량과 칼슘/크레아티닌 비 그리고 칼슘/크레아티닌 비와 요중 Na농도, 요소농도, osmolality 간에는 유의한 상관관계는 없었다. 결론 : 야뇨증 환자의 일부에서 관찰되는 고칼슘 뇨증이 야간 다뇨에 의한 일차성 단일증상성 야뇨증의 직접적인 원인이 아니라고 생각한다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.658-663
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 철의 섭취수준이 증가함에 따라 다양한 무기질의 이용변화를 알아보기 위하여 흰쥐를 대상으로 적정수준, 적정수준의 2배와 4배의 철을 6주간 공급한 후 칼슘, 마그네슘, 나트륨, 칼륨, 철, 구리, 아연의 혈청 수준 및 섭취량과 배설량에 의한 평형상태를 비교, 분석하였으며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 사료 섭취량, 체중 증가량 및 사료효율은 철 보충에 따른 유의한 차이가 없었다. 철 보충에 따른 혈청 철과 아연 함량은 각 군별 차이를 보여 철 함량은 2배 공급군이 유의하게 낮았고 아연 함량은 4배 공급군이 다른 두군에 비해 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05, p<0.05). 철 보충에 따라 철 섭취량이 유의적으로 증가한 것(p<0.01)을 제외하고 그 밖의 무기질 섭취량은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 소변 중 무기질 배설량은 철 보충에 따라 칼슘, 나트륨, 철, 구리, 아연이 각 군별 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.001, p<0.05, p<0.01). 대변 중 무기질 배설량은 철 보충에 따른 유의한 차이가 없었다. 1일 무기질 보유량은 철 보충에 따라 나트륨과 철이 유의한 차이를 보여(p<0.05, p<0.01) 철 보충이 증가할수록 이들 무기질의 보유량이 높게 나타났다. 그러나 무기질 흡수율은 철 보충에 따라 유의한 차이가 없었다. 이상의 연구결과를 종합할 때 요구량의 2배와 4배의 철 보충에 따라 무기질의 겉보기 흡수율은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 그러나 칼슘, 철, 구리, 아연의 소변중 배설량은 철 보충에 따라 유의적으로 감소함으로써 장기적인 철 보충이 이루어진다면 이와 같은 무기질의 체내 보유량이 감소함에 따라 영양상태가 저하될 수 있을 것으로 보여진다. 이와 같은 결과는 다양한 무기질의 평형상태를 유지하기 위 해서는 무기질 보충제를 이용하는 것보다 균형 잡힌 영양섭취나 일상식사를 통해 적정한 섭취수준을 유지하는 것이 중요하다는 것을 제시해주며, 앞으로 이에 대한 영양지도와 지속적 인 연구가 요구된다.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.314-319
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• 2007

The effects of common variants of CYP1A2 gene (CYP1A2$^*$1C and CYP1A2$^*$1F) on the CYP1A2 activity and inducibility were controversial. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of CYP1A2$^*$1C and CYP1A2$^*$1F on the activity of CYP1A2 determined by urinary caffeine metabolite ratio in Koreans. As might be expected, there was large inter-individual variation (16-folds) of CYP1A2 activity ranged from 2.41 to 39.58. The mean CYP1A2 activity of smokers was significantly higher than that of non-smokers. The frequencies of CYP1A2$^*$1C (-3858A) and $^*$1F (-164A) alleles were 0.219 and 0.646, respectively. The effect of CYP1A2$^*$1C on the CYP1A2 activity was not significant. However, the CYP1A2 activity of subjects with AA genotype for CYP1A2$^*$1F allele was significantly lower than that of non-AA genotypes (CC, or CA). Interestingly, the significant effect of CYP1A2$^*$1F allele on CYP1A2 activity was not observed in nonsmokers. Our results suggest that CYP1A2$^*$1F allele rather than CYP1A2$^*$1C allele significantly influences on the inducibility of CYP1A2 in Koreans. Owing to small sample size of our study, further studies should be conducted to reveal the inter-ethnic difference or the gene-environmental interaction.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.511-517
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• 1992

한국산 야생식용식물의 형당강화 효과를 보기위해서 일차적으로 5가지 식물(냉이, 닭의장풀, 메꽃, 며느리배꼽 및 참마)을 채집하였다. Strcpotozotocin(45mg/kg)을 미정맥으로 주사하여 당뇨병을 유발시킨 130~180g Sprague-Dawley계 흰쥐를 대조군과 실험군으로 나누어 이를 5가지 식물을 adlibitum으로 공급하였다. 식용식물섭취에 따른 각군의 체중변화는 제 3주까지는 점차 증가하다가 냉이군과 메꽃군을 제외하고는 제4주째에 증가추세가 둔화되었다. 식이이용효율은 닭의장풀군이 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며(p<0.05) 냉이군, 메꽃군, 참마군과 며느리배꼽군에서는 식이이용효율에 차이가 없었다. 닭의장풀군, 참마군과 며느리배꼽군은 대조군에 비해 혈당 감소 경향이 지속적으로 나타났고, 뇨당의 경우에서도 닭의장풀군과 참마군에서는 검출되지 않았으며 며느리배꼽군에서도 한마리를 제외하고는 뇨당이 검출되지 않아 당뇨유발쥐에서 혈당강하에 효과가 있는것으로 추정된다. 혈장 중의 cholesterol수준은 대조군에 비해 며느리배꼽군에서 약간 높은 경향을 보였으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 야생식용물의 건조시료 중 조섬유의 함량은 며느리배꼽이 24.4%로 가장 높았고, 가장 낮은 것은 참마로 2.5%였다. 생시료중 Vitamin C의 함량은 냉이가 193.73mg으로 가장 높았고 닭의장풀, 며느리배꼽, 메꽃슨이었고 참마가 24.6mg으로 가장 낮았다. Fe의 함량도 냉이가 14.86mg으로 높았고 참마가 가장 낮았다. Cr과 Zn의 함량도 냉이에서 높았고 참마에서 낮았다. 앞으로 야생식용산채류에 대한 성인병 예방 및 치료에 대하여 영양학적 연구가 더 많이 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.232-236
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• 2008

This experiment was performed to investigate the effects of two energy levels and four lysine:digestible energy (DE) ratios on the apparent digestibility of nutrients in finishing pigs. The experiment was conducted using a $2{\times}4$ randomized complete block (RCB) design with three replicates. Twenty-four cross-bred finishing barrows ((Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire)${\times}$Duroc) with an average body weight of $64.2{\pm}0.69kg$ were assigned to one of eight treatments. Each barrow was placed in an individual metabolism crate and dietary treatment and water was provided ad libitum. Diets were designed to contain lysine:ME ratios of 1.5, 1.8, 2.1 and 2.4 g/Mcal at 3.35 and 3.6 Mcal/kg of diet in a $4{\times}2$ factorial arrangement. Dry matter (DM), ash, Ca and P digestibility were not affected by energy density or lysine:DE ratios. Crude fat digestibility increased as the energy density increased from 3.35 to 3.6 Mcal of DE/kg. Increasing the lysine:DE ratio also increased crude protein digestibility. There were no interactions between energy density and lysine:DE ratio in terms of nutrient digestibility. Nitrogen excretion via feces was not affected by energy density and lysine:DE ratio, while nitrogen excretion via urine was significantly affected by energy density and lysine:DE ratio. The apparent digestibility of all amino acids except for isoluecine, arginine and aspartic acid as well as average values of essential amino (EAA), non-essential amino acids (NEAA) and total amino acid digestibility (p>0.05) were not affected by energy density. The apparent digestibility of all amino acids except for leucine, proline, alanine and tyrosine, NEAA and total amino acid digestibility were significantly affected by lysine: DE ratio (p<0.05). Interactive effects of energy and lysine:DE ratio also significantly affected amino acid digestibility except for isoleucine, alanine, cystine, leucine, phenylalanine, glutamine and proline (p<0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that maintaining the appropriate lysine:DE ratio becomes more important as the energy density of the diet increases. Consequently, increasing the lysine:DE ratio can result in increased crude protein digestibility and urinary nitrogen excretion, although apparent protein digestibility and nitrogen excretion were not affected by energy density Furthermore, increasing the lysine:DE ratio also increased the apparent digestibility of essential amino acids, except for leucine, regardless of energy density. The optimum lysine:DE ratio for maximum essential amino acid digestibility of the $64.2{\pm}0.69kg$ pig is approximately 2.4 g of lysine/Mcal of DE.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.243-249
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• 2001

Thirty six barrows with an initial body weight of 28 kg were used to determine the effect of two dietary Se sources and a wide range of Se levels encompassing 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0, 7.0, and 10.0 mg/kg Se. The organic Se form was a Se-enriched yeast product, whereas the inorganic Se source was sodium selenite. The experiment was a $2{\times}6$ RCB design conducted in three replicates. Each barrow was placed in an individual metabolism crate and provided their dietary treatment and water on an ad libitum basis for a minimum 2 wk period, whereupon feed intake was adjusted to a constant intake within replicate at approximately 90% of intake for a 4 d adjustment period. Urine and feces were subsequently collected for a 7 d period and analyzed for Se and minerals. The results demonstrated that urinary Se was approximately 25% higher when pigs were fed sodium selenite (p<0.01), whereas fecal Se was lower by 25% (p<0.01). Se retention tended to be higher when organic Se was provided (p>0.15). Urinary Se increased as dietary Se level increased for both Se sources but increased more and at a high rate when sodium selenite was fed resulting in an interaction response (p<0.01). Fecal Se increased linearly as the dietary level of both Se sources increased, but the fecal Se from organic Se increased at a faster rate resulting in an interaction response (p<0.01). Se retention increased linearly (p<0.01) as dietary Se increased for both Se sources. The apparent digestibility of Se increased by Se level when pigs were fed sodium selenite, but not when the organic Se source was provided resulting in an interaction response (p<0.05). Retention of consumed Ca, Zn increased when pigs were fed organic Se (p<0.05) whereas P and Na retention were higher when the inorganic Se was provided. Mineral retention was not affected by dietary Se level except P. These results suggest that Se excretion by urine was the main route of excretion when pigs were fed sodium selenite but the fecal route when Se-enriched yeast was provided. The excretion of Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu via urine and feces was not affected by high dietary Se level or dietary Se sources.