• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• 제2호
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• pp.120-129
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• 2004

Urban stream restoration projects can improve water quality, wildlife habitats, urban landscape, outdoor recreation spaces, and urban microclimate. The objectives of this research were to investigate temperature cooling effect of urban streams by using satellite imagery, to evaluate environmental variables related to stream cooling effect, and to estimate the cooling effect of the Cheonggye stream restoration project of Seoul, Korea. Findings of this research can be summarized as follows. First, a method of estimating temperature distribution around urban streams by using satellite imagery was developed. Scatter plots of distance from stream edges and average temperature obtained through multiple buffering were used for the estimation. Second, urban temperature cooling effect of streams was estimated by comparing background temperature and temperature of each buffer zone. Third, environmental factors affecting stream cooling effect were also identified. Fourth, the temperature cooling effect of the restoration project was estimated based on three scenarios. An estimated cooling effect based on the average cooling effect of existing tributaries showed the most significant effect; $2.0^{\circ}C$ lower than the present level at the edge of the renovated stream. It was estimated that the temperature of the same area would be $1.4^{\circ}C$ cooler than the present level if the cooling effect of the Yangjaechun was used as the bench mark But the effect would be $1.2^{\circ}C$ lower than the present level if environmental variables related to the temperature cooling effect of urban streams were used as the bench mark.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.128-136
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• 2015

Sky View Factor (SVF) is one of the urban morfometri parameters that impact on the Urban Heat Island (UHI). SVF analisys was conducted in the city of Jakarta to investigate the relationship between urban temperature with urban morfometri. Jakarta City is the most populous city in the world that has a surrounding area $66,152km^2$ and the total population around 23 million people. The population of the city is the sixth highest in the world today. SVF measurements done by taking pictures at the six stations that have different morphological characteristics namely (1) the narrow streets Apartment Cempaka Mas (JS ITC), (2) the width of the road Apartment Cempaka Mas (JL ITC), (3) in front of Colleges Kanisius (DKK), (4) in front of office Journalist of Indonesia (DKWI), (5) Utan Kayu (UK), and (6) Tambun (TB). SVF value is obtained from the photgraphic image. Taking pictures at the location using a Nikon D90 camera with a Nikon Fisheye Nikkor 10.5 mm 1 : 2.8 G ED, further processed through a global mapper program. Therefore, the SVF derived from the six stations that vary 0.21 to 0.78. Temperature measurement is done during daylight hours from 06:00 am to 18:00 pm during the Western Part of Indonesia (WIB). Measurements performed at three different times, namely working days (HK) regular holidays (HCB) national holidays (HCN). The results showed that the highest average temperature of $33.32^{\circ}C$, occurring at UK station (SVF=0.45) at the time of HCB. Meanwhile, the average low temperature of $31.22^{\circ}C$ occurred at JLITC station (SVF=0.42). The two-time occurred on ordinary holidays. Maximum temperature of $38.4^{\circ}C$ occurred in Utan Kayu station (SFV=0.45) that occurred at 11.00 hrs, normal holidays. Furthermore minimum temperature 24.5 occurred at Tambun station (SVF=0.78) at 06.00 hrs in the morning at the usual holidays and national holidays. In general, the results showed that areas with large SVF has a lower temperature compared with areas with smaller SVF. Though, are not the only factors that matter, but this research may show that an increase in temperature in the city of Jakarta. Therefore, it is necessary to mitigate the serious from the government or society.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.35-49
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• 2014

서울과 주변을 포함하는 수도권에서 발생하는 열섬현상의 특성들을 정량적으로 이해하기 위하여 GIS 및 AWS 관측 자료들을 이용하여 여름과 겨울 야간 기온분포의 공간 경향 그래프를 작성하였다. 또한 기온 변동성에 영향을 미치는 요인들과 31개 AWS 지점들의 야간 평균기온과의 상관성을 분석을 하였다. 그 결과, 야간 평균기온(2004년~2011년) 최고지점과 최저지점의 차이는 여름 $4.5^{\circ}C$, 겨울 $7.1^{\circ}C$ 임을 확인하였다. AWS 지점들 주변의 국지적 지표특성과 기온과의 상관성 분석 결과, 지점별 야간 평균 기온과 반경 1km 이내의 인공피복의 상관계수가 여름(0.84)과 겨울(0.78) 모두에서 높게 나타나 지표면 피복이 중규모적인 도시 열환경 관리에 있어 다른 요인들보다 더 큰 영향을 주는 요인임을 확인하였다. 한편 수도권 야간기온에 대한 회귀모형을 변수선택법을 이용하여 개발한 결과 1km 규모에서 보다 200m 규모에서 상세한 지표특성 변수가 선택됨을 알 수 있었는데, 규모에 따른 모형의 설명력에는 큰 차이가 없었다. 따라서 200m 정도의 상세한 지표특성 자료를 이용하는 기후분석 모델의 구현이 가능함을 알 수 있었으며, 모델의 설명력은 1km 수준으로 분석하였을 때와 비슷한 수준인 57%(겨울)~72%(여름)이었다.

• 한국조경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국조경학회 2007년도 Journal of Landscape Architecture in Asia Vol.3
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• pp.186-190
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• 2007

We examined three nature restoration projects in urban areas of Japan, China, and Korea. A prefectural park(29ha) has been under construction since 2005 on an abandoned industrial site in the southern part of Amagasaki City, Hyogo Prefecture, central Japan. Shanghai Central Park(28ha) was redeveloped in 2002 on a site that was formerly the old downtown in central Shanghai. Seoul Forest Park was developed as a large urban park(116ba) in 2005 in Seoul. All three parks were developed as urban parks by local governments. Citizen involvement is common to all three examples. One of main purposes of the Hyogo prefectural park and the Seoul Forest Park was the reuse of unused or abandoned areas. One goal in Hyogo, Shanghai, and Seoul was to restore the urban ecosystem and preserve the environment. We discussed the meaning of nature restoration in urban areas.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
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• pp.502-504
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• 2003

The main objective of this study is to examine the effectiveness of newly available high spatial resolution satellite images, in evaluating vegetation environment of the urban areas. In doing so, we have used satellite images from QuickBird and selected some areas of Fukuoka City, Kyushu Japan, as study area. The results of the study revealed that, high resolution images are more effective in close monitoring of the vegetation status and green plants should be planted in open spaces and roofs of urban areas to increase vegetation, which will in turn act as a remedy to reduce heat island phenomenon.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.367-376
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• 2004

In urban area, thermal pollution associated with heat island phenomena is generally regarded to make urban life uncomfortable. To overcome this urban thermal pollution problem, urban planning with consideration of urban climate, represented by the concept of urban ventilation lane, is widely practiced in many countries. In this study, the prevailing wind ventilation lane of a local winds in Daegu during the warm climate season was investigated by using surface wind data and RAMS(Reasonal Atmospheric Model System) simulation. The domain of interest is the vicinity of Daegu metropolitan city(about 900 $km^{2})$ and its horizontal scale is about 30km. The simulations were conducted under the synoptic condition of late spring with the weak gradient wind and mostly clear sky. From the numerical simulations, the following two major conclusions were obtained: (1)The major wind passages of the local circulation wind generated by radiative cooling over the mountains(Mt. Palgong and Mt. Ap) are found. The winds blow down along the valley axis over the eastern part of the Daegu area as a gravity flow during nighttime. (2)After that time, the winds blow toward the western part of Daegu through the city center. As the result, the higher temperature region appears over the western part of Daegu metropolitan area.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.201-208
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• 2012

Global warming due to the climate change causes environmental problems such as urban heat island (UHI), air pollutant deposition, urban heavy rainfall, etc. Urban stream plays an important role on mitigating UHI as open space as well as an ecological corridor in urban area. In order to investigate the wind characteristics of urban stream in the case of Yangjae Stream at Daechi-dong, Gangnam-gu in Seoul, the wind direction and wind speed data were observed and analyzed using a propellor type RM-Young wind monitor. The results show that the prevailing wind direction was southwest. However, easterly wind is the prevailing one between 8:00 and 12:00. Strong wind whose Beaufort scale is four or more blew frequently from 12:00 to 18:00. In terms of seasonal frequency, the spring shows the highest frequency, then winter was the next.

• 한국농림기상학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농림기상학회 2002년도 추계 학술발표논문집
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• pp.81-84
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• 2002

우리나라를 포함한 동아시아 지역의 기온상승, 특히 일최저기온 상승은 상당부분 도시화에 기인한 것으로 보고되었다(Hulme et al., 1994). 따라서 도시화 영향을 효과적으로 제거하여야 한반도에서 진행되는 온난화의 경향을 파악할 수 있으며 궁극적으로 장기 기후변화에 대한 예측과 대응이 가능하다 할 것이다(백과 권, 1994).(중략)

• 환경영향평가
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.71-80
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• 2012

Against the backdrop of the clear impact of climate change, it has become essential to analyze the influence of climate change and relevant vulnerabilities. This research involved evaluating the impact of heat waves in Seoul, from among many local autonomous bodies that are responsible for implementing measures on adapting to climate change. To carry out the evaluation, the A1B scenario was used to forecast future temperature levels. Future climate scenario results were downscaled to $1km{\times}1km$ to result in the incorporation of regional characteristics. In assessing the influence of heat waves on people-especially the excess mortality-we analyzed critical temperature levels that affect excess mortality and came up with the excess mortality. Results of this evaluation on the impact of climate change and vulnerabilities indicate that the number of days on which the daily average temperature reaches $28.1^{\circ}C$-the critical temperature for excess mortality-in Seoul will sharply increase in the 2050s and 2090s. The highest level of impact will be in the month of August. The most affected areas in the summer will be Songpa-gu, Gangnam-gu, and Yeongdeungpo-gu. These areas have a high concentration of residences which means that heat island effects are one of the reasons for the high level of impact. The excess mortality from heat waves is expected to be at least five times the current figure in 2090. Adaptation plan needs to be made on drawing up long-term adaptation measures as well as implementing short-term measures to minimize or adapt the impact of climate change.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.315-321
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 도시 토지이용과 열 환경의 관계를 파악하기 위하여, 인천시에서 토지이용이 다른 곳에서 기온을 측정하였고, 지난 40년간 토지이용과 기온의 변화를 파악하였으며, 위성영상 자료를 이용하여 토지이용과 온도의 관계에 대하여 연구하였다. 2014년 8월 19일부터 21일까지 산림지, 경작지 (논), 나지 (운동장), 시가화지 (아스팔트 도로)에서 온도를 측정한 결과에서 시가화지역이 가장 기온이 높았고 산림지가 가장 낮았다. 인천시에서 1975년부터 2014년까지 40년간 기온은 약 $1.4^{\circ}C$ ($0.035^{\circ}C$/년)이 상승하였다. 지난 40년간 인천시의 토지이용 유형에서 시가화건조지, 나지, 초지가 증가하였고 경작지, 습지, 산림지가 감소하였다. Landsat 위성영상을 이용하여 추출한 지표면 온도 (LST)와 정규식생지수 (NDVI), 정규시가지화지수 (NDBI) 간에 상관관계를 보였다. 지표면 온도는 NDVI가 높은 곳에서 지면온도가 낮았고, NDBI가 높은 곳에서 지면 온도가 높았다. 따라서 도시의 열섬효과를 완화하고 열 환경을 개선하기 위해서는 녹지, 습지, 농경지의 토지이용을 보전하고 복원하는 것이 중요하다고 판단된다.