• Journal of East-Asian Urban History
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• 제1권
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• pp.99-134
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• 2019

In the Edo period, there were many samurai residences with gardens in Edo. In the 20^th century, some of these gardens were inherited and new gardens were also cultivated in Tokyo. Because of this, Tokyo in the 20^th century has been a garden city since the Edo period. This study shows the characteristics of gardens inherited today from the 20^th century and the succession process of these gardens in the 20^th century.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.96-107
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• 2003

This study is to establish the Incheon Metropolitan City Arboretum Development Plan (IMADP) as a capacity building both for plant diversity conservation and nature friendly leisure activity areas of Incheon Metropolitan City, Korea. The arboretum planning area is located within territory of the Incheon Grand Park Based on the IMADP, the arboretum was divided into three display spaces; the Urban Greening Garden, the Rare and Endangered Plant Species Garden and the Theme Garden. Detailed planting guidelines were suggested according to the three garden areas. The Urban Greening Garden was designed to display the following three; the relevance techniques, the model, and the practical uses of plants that are regarded to an urban greening. The Rare and Endangered Plant Species Garden (REPSG) was planned for the collection and display of the rare and endangered native plants in the territories of Incheon and the island seashore. Also, the REPSG includes the education purposes of comparing and displaying taxonomically related plant species. The Theme Garden was projected for the collection and display of plant species that have long been familiar to Korean culture and which are also used in our daily life.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.411-424
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• 2019

This study analyzed the factors affecting urban residents' expectations and participation in community gardens to present basic data of guidelines for community garden management. Urban citizens valued the necessity of community gardens overall, especially residents with outdoor gardens. The experience of private gardens was important in perceiving the need for community gardens, which are public spaces. The creation of community gardens had high expectations for social aspects such as improving quality of life, health promotion, and community revitalization. In particular, residents living in individual housing have high expectations for revitalization of the community, and community gardens can be a mediator for forming and maintaining local communities. Through this, the citizens' perception on the role and function of the garden as a community space could be examined. Expectations for quality of life, health promotion, and community revitalization are factors affecting the necessity of community garden. Participation was high in the creation and management of the community garden, and the necessity of community gardens, expectation for community revitalization, and expectation for environmental purification are factors that affect participation in the management of community gardens. The amount of donations that the residents are willing to pay for community garden management was KRW 75,222 /year on average. Overall, residents with higher need for community gardens and higher social expectation showed higher participation. Urban citizens have high expectations for community gardens, and they perceive the importance of social aspects more than personal aspects such as community revitalization and quality of life. As a strategy for increasing community involvement, it is necessary to set up the processes, determine participants' composition and roles, and establish a system to promote participation. Considering welfare aspects such as community revitalization and improvement of residents' quality of life, motivation and administrative support for participation in the creation and management of community gardens will serve as important factors.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.423-432
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• 2020

Background and objective: Traditional farming is winning recognition as a sustainable alternative farming method. As urban farming increases in South Korea, it is crucial to develop more sustainable farming techniques. Gyeonjongbeop is the traditional farming method introduced in the Joseon period. This study was conducted to propose a productive garden model suitable for urban farming through the interpretation of traditional farming methods contained in Imwongyeongjeji Bolliji and to test the model on an actual field. Methods: Using the design and cropping system of Gyeonjongbeop as the research materials, we reviewed its tillage and cultivation and examined the applicability. We proposed a modified method by extracting parts applicable to urban farming. According to the methods, we created a garden with ridges and furrows, cultivated proper vegetables, and evaluated their growth. Results: Raphanus sativus, Allium fistulosum L., Brassica juncea, and Spinacia oleracea grown on ridges showed higher growth than those grown on a conventional flat field. The growth of Hordeum vulgare var. hexastichon and Triticum aestivum L. on furrows was also slightly higher. This proved that the method could make up for the deficiencies of barley and wheat that are weak against winds and cold and are easily destroyed by the spring rains. Conclusion: Ridge and furrow cultivation derived from Gyeonjongbeop can be an efficient urban farming system compared to the conventional cultivation in flat fields. The system can use fallow lands in winter for year-round urban farming. In addition, the application of the traditional farming system can enhance the humanistic value of urban farming.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.69-83
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• 2012

Urbanization has caused increase of traffic jams, food shortage, housing, and environmental pollution in the world in recent decades. Urban agriculture, such as roof garden, can relieve the phenomenon of urban heat island causing from the urbanization. The study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of rooftop garden (farm) in 40 areas in Seoul, Korea, where the 'cabbage', 'lettuce', 'pepper', and 'mini-tomatoes' were the most preferred vegetables and fruit. The problems in the rooftop garden during a cultivation was observed for drainage system, soil management, cost or quality of planting mat and diseases and insects. The image of urban agriculture showed a positive words, such as 'bright', 'clean', 'open' and 'good' according to the survey.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.329-339
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• 2021

Background and objective: This study was conducted to obtain empirical data for deriving necessary items for the creation and management of gardens in urban agricultural parks while maintaining the publicness of the place by examining the difference in perception among park visitors about the gardens in the public parks. Methods: A survey was conducted on users of urban agricultural parks in 6 locations and 113 copies of the questionnaire were collected. After understanding the demographic characteristics and the current use of the garden, we identified the importance of the necessary items for the public gardens. Results: 108 subjects(95.6%) responded that gardens are needed in urban parks, for psychological and emotional health (26.2%) and for interaction and friendship with family and neighbors(23.2%). For use of garden crops, most were private sales(96 subjects, 64.4%), and both sales preferred to partially donate their crops. Most used communal gardens operated by public institutions(30.1%). It was found that 96.4% of the respondents were satisfied with gardening activities, and 107(94.7%) of them showed their intention to participate in the gardening in the future. The Kaiser Meyer Olkin value was .848 and the significance level was .001, proving the validity of factor analysis. The factors were named composition elements(Factor 1), management items(Factor 2), convenience elements(Factor 3), and operational facilities(Factor 4). In the survey on the creation and management of gardens in urban agricultural parks, there were no statistically significant differences, but all items had correlations. Conclusion: The results have reflected the needs of actual users in establishing the plans to operate urban gardens, thereby having great utility value as the basic data for continuous garden management. Further research can be conducted to derive detailed elements that can guarantee sustainability of urban gardens and suggest high-quality data for management of gardens in urban agricultural parks.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.80-88
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• 2002

Comprehensive landscape architectural services provided from schematic design through construction document for this 22,000 square foot, linear, urban rooftop garden situated on top of an in-ground parking garage. The Butterfly Garden serves as a green buffer between a fully renovated historic, seven story condominium building and 15 newly constructed luxury town houses. The park was developed with the cooperation and input from the Washington Butterfly Society during an intensive design charette. The garden will one day soon serve as an ecological amenity to the residents of Alban Towers as well as the surrounding community.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.17-27
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• 2021

Background and objective: This study was conducted as part of research to promote garden diversity and seek sustainable garden management plans, as well as to determine the trends in understanding and use of companion plants as an eco-friendly farming method and provide the results as the basic data for sustainable urban agriculture. Methods: To determine the trends in garden activities, eco-friendly pest control, and use of companion plants, a survey was conducted on 230 urban residents participating in the Urban Agriculture Expert course. 223 copies of the questionnaire were collected excluding missing values, and IBM SPSS statistics Ver. 25 Program was used for frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, and regression analysis. Results: Most of the respondents were female (71.3%), homemakers (26.5%), were in their 50s (29.1%), and had 2 members in the family (27.8%). 164 respondents (73.5%) had experience in gardening, most of them once a week (31.7%) and for self-consumption (55.5%). Both men and women raised crops for safe food production (32.3%), and they most preferred the city garden type (39.9%). For the preparation of nourishment for eco-friendly garden management, most respondents (60.1%) purchased fertilizers from the market. For the reason why eco-friendly pest control is necessary, all respondents except 4 of them (98.2%) responded that it is necessary 'because it affects my health as I eat it (73.5%)', indicating that they still had a high level of interest in health. Only 43.9% of the respondents said that they had heard of companion plants, 89.2% responded that companion plants were effective in eco-friendly management, and 87.4% showed the will to participate in gardening using companion plants in the future. Finally, the regression analysis confirmed that the awareness of companion plants and satisfaction with gardening activities are key variables that increase the intention to participate in gardening activities in the future. Conclusion: Since plants require special care depending on the period and various diseases and insect pests occur, there must be continuous research on companion plants as an eco-friendly farming method. Moreover, by actively using companion plants in urban gardens with the utility value in not only eco-friendly pest control but also in helping plant growth, urban agriculture is expected to be continuously activated and promoted by increasing satisfaction in gardening activities with aesthetic landscaping and pest control.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.667-681
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• 2020

Background and objective: Recently, there has been an increasing need for relaxation and familiarity with nature in residential and living spaces faced daily by urban residents, leading to a growing social interest in urban gardens. The aim of this study was to determine how gardens in a city provide physical and social benefits, comparing cases in Korea and overseas. Methods: We used the keywords "garden" and "city" for Korea, and "urban," "garden," and "green" for overseas. We then determined the Korean and overseas research trends in urban gardens by analyzing 63 Korean and 90 overseas articles deemed suitable for this study. Results: As to the types of urban gardens, the most significant type was community gardens, both in Korea and overseas (30.2% and 48.6%, respectively), followed by rooftop gardens in Korea (22.2%) and kitchen gardens overseas (22.2%). Due to the narrow and complex urban structure in Korea, people focus on using rooftop, wall, and alley spaces, and tend to arrange container-type flexible gardens. Overseas there has been a focus on promoting health and reducing food inequality through allotment and kitchen gardens, and a tendency to use a larger area as a fixed form than Korea. In addition, it was found that gardens in urban areas had a positive effect on urban biodiversity. Conclusion: To sum up, gardens in Korea are close to living spaces, and gardens overseas influence the ecosystem with an emphasis on food production. Therefore, creating urban gardens is a method of urban regeneration with a high utility that goes beyond mere food production, both in Korea and overseas, providing comprehensive benefits for the environment (37.73%) and society (62.27%). As such, continuous research on this area of study is needed to create policy guidelines for Korea.

• 휴양 및 경관연구
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to establish how community garden spaces should be used to restore communities engaged in village-rehabilitation projects. To achieve this purpose, we have analyzed the perceptions of local residents conducting a town-development project. The community reviewed the benefits of having a garden to improve the residents' quality of life and comfort. Given the role of gardens in revitalizing communities, it is necessary to build spaces where residents can relax and enjoy community life. Those who participated in this study hoped that their community garden would provide shade and relaxation, a children's play area, green spaces, and places for conversation. The space and facilities provided by community gardens vary, in accordance with the expectations and needs of each community. It is therefore inappropriate to apply uniform garden designs to all community gardens. Between 20% and 25% of a community garden should be allocated to each of the following: community space, ornamental space, and space for relaxation. As plants that provide shade and help to maintain the ecosystem are strongly preferred in community gardens, all plants should be chosen for their environmental benefits and functionality, rather than aesthetics. Residents may be willing to participate in a range of activities, including community events, the cultivation of plants, and garden management. Towns must therefore set up programs to support these activities. It is essential to continue studying and investigating the formation of community spaces and facilities, reflecting the characteristics of each community.