• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.5
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• pp.591-594
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• 2006

To have better urban forests in future we are focusing on two major issues like other countries. How we could have more urban forest-quantitative approach-against the expanding of urbanization, and how we could produce better urban forest-qualitative approach-to give a chance in contact with better nature for urban people. Prime surveys on urban forests have been carried out in 6 major cities since 1991, and the city of Daegu which is located on the east southern area of Korea have been case studied for qualitative approaches during last 3 years. Major species of the remnant forests were Pinus densiflora, Pinus rigida, Pinus thunbergii and Robinia pseudoacacia. Approximately 20% of the surveyed forests were lost their structure as forests caused by illegal farming, facilities and as the bare ground by excessive visitors. Generally speaking the condition of forests for biotope was very poor in overall. From two years data of monitoring of birds, we found that wooded parkways and woodland squares had more species than street tree areas. Nests were found mainly on the branch of Zelkova serrata, Pinus densiflora and Quercus myrsinaefolia. The size of urban forests mainly determined the species richness of birds. According to the oxygen output and carbon input by photosynthesis measurement, the capability was in order of Platanus occidentalis, Zelkova serrata and Ginko biloba. Air conditioning effects of trees through transpiration measurement was found and the quality of forests also related to the reducing of urban heat-island.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.135-145
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the current urban forest network and future plan of forest framework using nearest features program where stepping stones within 5km from the core forest were selected in the program. We found several conclusions as follows: First, we found that cities in inland area including Daegu, Dajeon and Gwangju have quite different types of forest network with comparing to the cities nearby coastline including Busan, Incheon and Ulsan. The cities in inland area have large mountain patch around each city. However they have small and lower number of island forests within their urban area. Otherwise, cities nearby coastline have more forest patches than in the cities in inland area, and Busan and Incheon especially have strong forest network using various size of forest patches. Second, Daegu and Daejeon have much smaller forest patches distributed in each urban area. So additional forest patches should be added to have highly strong forest network within urban area. Third, Ulsan and Gwangju have most stepping-stone forests close to the large mountain patches in suburban area, which are not able to connect to the forest patches in the central area of each city So additional forest patches are needed to be added in the central area of each city for reinforcing the effect of stepping stone in the central area. Though there should be an addition approach except for forest size and its isolation to construct the ecological network in an urban area, this indices can be a good method to check an environmental and ecological status in an urban area.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.104-113
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• 2008

The importance of the green space in urban area has been increasing. There are the increasing needs of creation and sustainable management of urban forest. In order to satisfy the need, it is necessary to set indicators for sustainable urban forest. With this regard, this study is to derive the indicators for evaluation of the urban forest through literature reviews, experts opinion, and field survey. The results of the study, the indicators consist of the ecological healthiness, socio-cultural function, and scenic beauty. The ecological healthiness includes stability and naturality (e.g. area, native species, connectivity etc.). The socio-cultural function contain improvement of living environment, stable emotion, community, and environmental education. The scenic beauty includes environmental-friendly facilities, maintenance of urban forest. The indicators have high feasibility to create and manage the urban forest through evaluating urban forest in practical. This indicators are useful to guide to develop urban forest and park.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.37-51
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• 1998

This study was carried out to lead the scientific management of the urban forest by estimating the forest environment. Forest environmental information was constructed using IDRISI system based on survey data, soil, plant, and digital elevation data. Forest environmental information was consisted of soil depth, soil organic content, soil hardness and parent rock as a soil environmental factor, and forest community, tree age, crown density as a plant environmental factor. Plant activity and topographic environment also were analyzed by using remote sensing data and digital elevation data. Environmental function of urban forest was estimated based on results of soil conservation and forest productivity. 70% of urban forest is located in elevation of lower than 200m and 55% of forest area have the slope of lower than 15 degree. Analyzed soil conservation status and forest productivity were almost the same as the soil chemical properties of collected soil sample and the vegetation index estimated using remote sensing data, respectively. Thus, the constructed forest environmental information could be useful to give some ideas for management of urban forest ecosystem and establishment of environmental conservation planning, including forests, in Taejon. The best forest environmental function was appeared at the natural ecology preservation zone. Current natural parks and urban parks were appeared to establish the environmental conservation plan for further development. The worst forest environmental function was appeared at the forest near to the industrial area and an overall and systematic plan was required for the soil management and high forest productivity because these forest was developing a severe soil acidification and having a low forest productivity.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.297-305
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• 2015

Forest area was applied as health promotion place for resident. Korea Forest Service set the term of "forest healing" based on the application of forest area as health promotion, which multidisciplinary approach in forest policy, and construct the "healing forest" for the healing space. Handicapped was excluded from the forest healing service as healing forest was located in the point away from urban area. The standard of healing forest size was difficult to set as urban forest area was fragmented. This study conducted on adequate standard of healing forest size in urban region. This study surveyed the laws related to the outdoor recreation place, and the walking range of the handicapped (elders, disabilities). The results were deduced with interrelationship between two factors(forest policy, human walking range). Healing forest size was not departmentalized for urban area compared with the standard of similar outdoor space (tourism complex, urban parks). Healing forest size was changed from 50ha to 25ha in national forest, from 30ha to 15ha in private forest considered with walking range of handicapped. This study contributes the evidence as the standard of healing forest size for health promotion in urban resident.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.4
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• pp.580-589
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• 2010

In Korea, Public demand for quality of life is increasing gradually with socioeconomic growth. It is really necessary urban forestry because urban forest is one of the important factors in citizen's living environment. There is expected to participate government, citizen, NGOs and the corporate sector in urban forestry. This study was investigated the directions of environmental governance in urban forestry focused local government. As a result, urban forestry official recognized the importance of urban forestry by partnership. In order to manage urban forest efficiently, the committee must be comprised of various stakeholder and researcher have need to develop support system for management. Especially, it shows that they prefer corporations participate to create and manage urban forest.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.4 s.117
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• pp.48-60
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• 2006

This study was carried out to create a master plan for an urban eco-forest, including concepts of forest restoration, forest management, and nature education. The concept of an urban eco-forest is different from the original eco-forest, which pursues the conservation of native species in their habitats, using the resources of special plants, etc. The study site was a hill (128m) managed as an urban natural park. Citizens have usually used the park for fitness purposes, as a place for outdoor exercise early mornings on weekdays and holidays. The result of a questionnaire survey showed that the users knew about the eco-forest, and they wanted to participate in the nature education programs. The flora and actual vegetation were weak about conservation of native species on the site. The framework of the plan consisted of development of the ecological forest and forest restoration, and allowed for recreation and the experience of nature, according to the concepts of the urban eco-forest. The landscape was divided into the experience zone of biodiversity, the experience zone of a valley ecosystem, the forest restoration zone, and the recreation and experience zone in nature. Based on this framework, detailed programs and theme areas were planned, as were forest restoration models and planting plans.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.4
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• pp.467-477
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• 2008

This study is analyzed on user's activities and recreational value through a questionnaire on users of the forest road in urban forest. Users visiting the forest road in urban forest went to there about three times a week, and the re-visit intention was showed highly. The forest road in urban forest is used too much for the promotion of health as a walk and a mountain pass of the citizen, and they think that forest road is useful for forest recreation. The satisfaction grade on forest road's equipment was effective above the average. As the result of valuation on recreational value of forest road in urban forest, the recreational value was evaluated 153.2 won. So, if it is collected the using fees for forest road, it was showed that it is proper about 150 won for one person.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.565-574
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• 2018

Previous studies have shown that forest therapy program can help prevent dementia. However, few studies have focused on low-income elderly people living alone. The current study examined the meanings that the elderly living alone receiving medical care assigned to the urban forest therapy program, as a way to understand the pathways that nature-based intervention affect preventing dementia. Twenty-one participants were recruited and they participated in a five-week urban forest therapy program. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 21 participants who experienced the urban forest therapy program, and analyzed qualitative data using thematic analysis. Results showed that all themes identified were related to connectedness with oneself, neighbors and nature. Awarenesses of change were consisted of positive and negative themes. The themes of positive awareness were improvements of mental and emotional condition, feelings of isolation and loneliness, and health-related lifestyle. The negative themes were terminations of short-term programs and inconvenient access to the urban forest. Based on these data, we suggest an urban green welfare framework for future research and interventions for preventing dementia of underprivileged elderly group.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.148-156
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• 1995

This study was conducted to investigate the actual vegetation and plant community structure of the urban forest in Kwangju Metropolitan City. Thirty eight plots in the urban forest were set up by the clumped sampling method. The degree of green naturality, 6 that is artifical planting area covered 10.9% in Kwangju Metropolitan City and Pinus densiflora community covered 48.7% of the actual vegetations of urban forest. Canopy height, Diameter of breast height (DBH) and No. of species in urban forest were 13.5m, 21cm and 24 species, respectively. The soil conditions and community structure of the urban forest were differenced by location of urban and suburban area. The plant communities divided into six groups which were Quercus acutissima community, Q. acutissima-Robinia pseudo-acacia community, Pinus rigida Community, P. rigida-P. densiflora community, P. densifrora-Q. acutissima community and Q, serrata-P. densiflora community. Successional series of the urban forest in the surveyed area were proceeding from P. dinsiflora to Quercus species. The species diversity of plant were high in natural plant community but low in artificial plant community. Tree density in the canopy layer varied from 600ea/ha to 2,800ea/ha.