• 한국조경학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.118-132
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• 1998

There are numerous plant and animal species which are adapted to the conditioins of the urban environment. The objectie of landscape and nature conservation in cities can be considered as the perservation of these organisms as the basis for a direct contact between urban dwellers and the landscape elements. However, after 1980 in Korea, green and biotope oases started to develop in the center of the urban area, from which the surrounding population benefited, at least indirectly. Thus urban biotope mapping and biotope informatioin system as a specialized tool of urban ecological landscape planning will make clear the orientation for the preservation of species and renaturalizing measures. The results are as follows : 1) Biotope types in the study area were separated to 21 biotope. 2) The written description of the biotopes took place on the computerized forms. The basis for the uniform inclusion and description of all biotopes surveyed was a codeplan. Additional details were included on the urban biotope mapping. 3) The evaluation of the mapped biotopes was completed to the following aspect, namely " species diversity and biotope conservation value" and "nature experience value". 4) UBM and BIS represent an important basis for decision aid for the city administration within the context of the ecological urban and landscape planning process. 5) The methodology of UBM and BIS in this study area could be extended to whole urban area.to whole urban area.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.5-12
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• 2001

Through the harmony of natural and artificial systems a city is composed of, the ecology-oriented urban planning seeks for qualitative improvements of a city on which our life is based. To enhance the ecology-oriented urban planning, the followings are suggested by a comparative analysis of Korea with Germany regarding the development process, the instruments, and the establishment of indicators for the planning. Firstly, though our national land development plan is closely connected with B-plan, it has little to do with the natural environment. Moreover, the natural environment plan of the Ministry of Environment is almost impossible to carry out in terms of urban construction work. For this reason, the instrument for dealing with the development and environment plan systems together as well as the completion of the current plan system is needed for the ecologically acceptable urban development in the long term. Secondly, in order to realize what is mentioned above in the concrete it seems to be desirable for the system and the instrument to be devised at the extent of B-plan. The regulations of the plan should have strong legal binding force and practicality as well. The element of ecology-oriented urban planning are (1) degree of independence and appropriate density, (2) conservation of natural elements such as soil, water, animals and plants etc., (3) energy saving in land use, (4) activation of B-plan and inducement of active participation of residents. Thirdly, it will be useful to develop various kinds of indicators for the environment plan provided in advance so that the ecology-oriented urban developments may be under control. It also should be taken into consideration that the indicators are supposed to be comprehensive, representative, and practical enough to make the most of at the early stage of drawing up a plan. The kinds of indicators which can be used in the ecology-oriented urban development include (1) soil, (2) water, (3) vegetation and plants, (4) animals, (5) climate, and (6) transportation.

• 한국환경생태학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경생태학회 2002년도 정기총회 및 학술논문 발표회
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• pp.45-49
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• 2002

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.747-757
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• 2004

The objectives of this study were to investigate the physical, chemical, and structural characteristics of the stream, especially Mugeo and Yeochon which are being changed to ecological stream by Ulsan city, and to acquire the considerations such as the planning element and plan criteria of the streams for making ecological stream system. Water quality, water quantity, vegetation, in stream structures and facilities, and land usage of the streams were investigated and the build up capabilities of ecological stream for the two streams were also analyzed. Planning elements for restoration to ecological stream included physical and biological purification methods in water quality, short term water acquire alternatives in water quantity, and vegetation recovery plan and improvement of habitation environment in ecological system, respectively. Planing elements in physical structures and facilities also included recovery of concrete levee and removal and recovery of covered channel.

• 농촌계획
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.157-169
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• 2010

This study has intended to devise a comprehensive rural planning, driven by residents based on ecological rural amenity paradigm for Busu area, Boeun-gun, South Korea. To reach the goal, this study has performed the following processes. First, we have analyzed the elements of threat, opportunity, weakness, and strength in both inside and outside village through 'SWOT analysis. Second, through strategic analysis and consultation, we have proposed developmental directions of Busu area. Third, based on an ecological rural amenity planning system composed of ecological economy system, ecological environment system, ecological history-culture system, ecological image system, and ecological society system, we have suggested research projects of each system Fourth, we selected projects through a general meeting with all stakeholders. Fifth, the selected projects were applied to Busu area by village residents and experts. Finally, the projects, which were appraised and revised by experts, residents, and governmental officers, were composed of ecological scenic agriculture center, resident's site for city dweller, energy independent village, eco-road, eco-pond, ecological park and parking lot, restoration of traditional culture, zone of ecological scenic agriculture, eco-tunnel, eco-fence, landmark, corporate identity, community center, forum and seminar, and education for residents' empowerment.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.104-113
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• 2008

The importance of the green space in urban area has been increasing. There are the increasing needs of creation and sustainable management of urban forest. In order to satisfy the need, it is necessary to set indicators for sustainable urban forest. With this regard, this study is to derive the indicators for evaluation of the urban forest through literature reviews, experts opinion, and field survey. The results of the study, the indicators consist of the ecological healthiness, socio-cultural function, and scenic beauty. The ecological healthiness includes stability and naturality (e.g. area, native species, connectivity etc.). The socio-cultural function contain improvement of living environment, stable emotion, community, and environmental education. The scenic beauty includes environmental-friendly facilities, maintenance of urban forest. The indicators have high feasibility to create and manage the urban forest through evaluating urban forest in practical. This indicators are useful to guide to develop urban forest and park.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• 제1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2001

In order to answer the challenge that development gave to environment, Chinese cities are making up and putting into effect the green space system planning. The planning main keys are: set down standards and scope of green space; bring the characteristics of every types of green space in to full play and made into basic units of the system; formed powerful links of the system; make full use of the natural system of city, constituted the urban and countryside as a organic whole green space system, therefore give full play their function and ecological effect. In fact, this green space system is a complex system. It is the main body of city ecological system, a main container of the citizen activities of leisure and recreation and a leading factor for making characteristic city landscape. Therefore it is a system carrying city's environment sustainable development.

• 한국환경생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경생물학회 2003년도 학술대회
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• pp.1-5
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• 2003

In order to prepare a basis for ecological restoration of the Seoul Metropolitan area, ecological diagnoses on soil physico-chemical properties and vegetation structure were carried out. Land use patterns, actual vegetation, and biotope patterns were also investigated based on aerial photograph interpretation and field checks. I formulated landscape elements overlaying those data and evaluated the ecological value of each element. Soil pollution was evaluated by analyzing soil samples collected in each grid on the mesh map, divided by 2km $\times$ 2km intervals. Soil samples were collected in forests or grasslands escaped from direct human interference. Soil pollution evaluated from pH, and SO$_4$, Ca, Mg, and Al contents of soil was more severe in the urban outskirts than in the urban center. Those soil environmental factors showed significant correlation with each other. Vegetation in the urban area was different in species composition from that in suburban areas and showed lower diversity compared with that in the suburban areas. Successional process investigated by population structure of major species also showed a difference. That is, successional trend was normal in suburban areas, but that in urban areas showed a retrogressive pattern. The landscape ecological map of Seoul indicates that the urban center lacks vegetation and greenery space is restricted in urban outskirts. Such an uneven distribution of vegetation has caused a specific urban climate and thereby contributed to aggravation of air and soil pollution, furthermore causing vegetation decline. From this result, it was estimated that such uneven distribution of vegetation functioned as a trigger factor to deteriorate the urban environment. I suggested, therefore, a restoration plan based on landscape ecological principles, which emphasizes connectivity and even distribution of green areas throughout the whole area of the Seoul to solve this complex environmental problem. In this restoration plan, first of all, I decided the priority order for connection of the fragmented greenery spaces based on the distances from the core reserves comprised of green belt and rivers, which play roles as habitats of wildlife as well as for improvement of urban environment. Next, I prepared methods to restore each landscape element included in the paths of green network to be constructed in the future on the bases of such preferential order. Rivers and roads, which hold good connectivity, were chosen as elements to play important roles in constructing green network by linking the fragmented greenery spaces.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.53-65
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• 1998

This study was designed to examine the decision-making and family life satisfaction of the urban middle-aged housewives from the ecological perspective. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ecological enviornment variables(ie, natural physical-biological environment·social-cultural environment·human-built environment) and their dicision-making on their family life satisfaction. Also, it is to provide some fundamental information that helps to elevate the family life satisfaction of the unban middle-aged housewives. The subjects of this study were 305 housewives living in Seoul and Inchon area, whose age was from 40 to 59. The significant results were as follows: 1) Their decision-making was affected by the following variables in the order of health condition, fate-control orientation, husband’s support, monthly family income and the perception of the adequacy of household income. 2) The ecological environment variables which had an influence on family life satisfaction were the perception of the adequacy of household income, husband’s support, fate-control orientation, health condition and educational level. 3) From the regression analysis, the model was found to be highly significant, accounting for 44% of the variance. Thus, husband’s support was the strongest predictor variable.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.207-215
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• 2009

Greenbelts were designated by the Korean government in 1971 in 14 large cities to prevent uncontrolled urban expansion. Recently, deregulation of the greenbelt system has resulted in further development, but the ecological role of greenbelts has not been fully considered when decisions about urban management are being made. We examined the ecological roles of the greenbelt system in the Seoul metropolitan area and prepared sustainable management and improvement plans based on our analysis of landscape characteristics using satellite images covering a ${\sim}30$-year period. The loss of forest cover during this period in the greenbelt areas was lower than that in the areas outside and inside of the greenbelt. Fragmentation of forest cover was correlated with the pattern of loss of forest cover. The NDVI of the greenbelt remained steady at 90% of that in outside of the GB for three decades. This suggests that the greenbelt system has performed its primary roles well. However, the remaining green space was not adequate to provide a sink for air pollutants even when the greenbelt area was included. We discuss how the negative effects of urbanization can be reduced through sustainable management and restoration to promote ecological functioning in greenbelts and urban landscapes.