• 한국조경학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.14-23
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• 2006

Recently there have been great interest in the street landscapes, and numerous studies have been investigating shaping processes of urban landscapes, legal systems for scenery management, landscape preference and evaluation techniques. However, there are only few studies investigating how planting types influence on street landscape evaluation and how the relationships among street landscapes are. This study aims to make a guidelines which can be used for securing afforestation in urban settings and improving urban environment. In specific, the results of this study can provide guidelines for urban street design and the base knowledge for identifying appropriate requirements for better street landscapes. We identify factors which make shape certain images of street landscape, and draw physical factors influencing on visual appropriateness through visual landscapes evaluation process. To evaluate landscapes according to planting types, on-the-spot survey at 14 streets in Gang-Nam district were made. The district is under executing street improving projects and shows the most satisfying planting types. To evaluate street landscapes which people experience during their walking, 100m of continuous streets are chosen. The survey sites exclude streets with irregular pattern, are adjacent to large urban parks or are used as parking spaces in part. We evaluated 9 street landscapes classified into 1-line-planting, 2-line-planting and 3-line-planting on the basis of the location of planting and the planting methods.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.367-374
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• 2005

본 연구는 대구시의 도시숲과 가로경관(수림대, 가로수, 녹지대)의 조류군집을 비교하고자 실시하였다. 관찰된 31종의 조류 중 까치, 박새는 모든 지역에서 나타났으나, 딱새, 할미새사촌, 파랑새, 노랑턱멧새, 숲새 등 5종은 한번만 관찰되어 낮은 출현빈도를 보였다. 시 외곽부에 위치한 도시숲(만촌, 본리, 침산공원)에서 조류 종수가 높았으나 도심의 도시숲(중리, 이곡생수, 신암공원)에서 조류 종수는 낮았다. 가로경관에서 관찰된 조류의 번식 둥지는 수림대와 녹지대에서는 발견되었으나, 한 줄 가로수에서는 발견되지 않았다. 수림대지역에서 관찰된 조류의 종수와 밀도는 한 줄 가로수지역보다 유의하게 높았다. 도시숲 면적과 조류종수는 높은 상관관계를 나타냈다. 덤불층을 둥지 및 먹이자원으로 이용하는 조류 종수가 낮았으며, 면적이 증가함에 따라 증가율도 낮았다. 본 연구 결과는 대구시 도시숲은 덤불층을 서식지로 이용하는 조류에게 충분한 서식 여건을 제공하지 않는 것을 나타내며, 조류는 수림대와 녹지대 등 폭이 있는 가로경관을 서식지 및 이동통로로 이용함을 나타낸다.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2023

As a basic study to analyze the relative importance of external space in urban development projects, this study selects evaluation indicators for external space planning and then analyzes systematic external space planning through expert surveys. The scope of the study is to examine the criteria of evaluation items for external space derived from existing studies and to suggest the importance and priority of evaluation items. As a research method, we reviewed the legal and research literature on landscape planning and external space-related guidelines, and conducted a primary review of external space planning evaluation items analyzed by questionnaire. The reviewed items were again reviewed and selected through expert group discussions (FGI). The selected evaluation items were surveyed by expert groups and analyzed in depth using the hierarchical analysis method (AHP). Looking at the relative importance of the calculated sub-items, among the 17 sub-items, 'planning open space' (.096) is the largest, followed by 'pedestrianization' (.082), 'linking with adjacent buildings, streets, parks, and green areas' (.077), 'securing public space through various planning techniques such as linking with pedestrian paths' (.066), 'Plan the placement, form, and scale of buildings in consideration of the identity of the destination' (.065), 'Plan buildings, streets, parks, and green spaces in an integrated and holistic manner' (.065), 'Harmonize with the surrounding environment (landscape)' (.063), 'Harmonize with surrounding buildings and apply landscape planning in urban planning' (.063), 'Entrances and lower floors of buildings are planned as parks for users and pedestrians' (.060), 'Preserve and expand green areas and establish maintenance plans for urban greening' (.054), 'Form the basis for a comfortable life for urban residents by providing long-term development directions' (.047), 'Activate community activities and plan pedestrian environments and streetscapes considering human scale' (.047), 'Establish and propose basic directions for urban greening' (.046), 'Plan buildings, streets, parks, and green areas considering the hierarchy and characteristics of the landscape structure' (.045), 'Plan for integrated land use' (.045), 'Create green axes in connection without cutting them due to development activities' (.044), and 'Apply barrier free design' (.034).

• 한국재난관리표준학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2011

보행공간은 작게는 보행량을 포함하는 공간사용의 정도에 영향을 미치거나 크게는 지역경제의 활성화에 영향을 미치며, 더 크게는 친환경, 친인간적인 도시로서의 삶의 질을 평가하는 지표중의 하나이다. 또한 최근 도심부 보행관련 정책은 선적인 가로환경 개선사업에서 발전된 보행자우선지구로의 전환이 대두되고 있어 특정 보행공간보다는 전체적인 보행공간체계에 대한 고려가 중요시되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 도시민을 위한 공간계획의 일환으로 시작된 국내 보행 전용 공간의 물리적 특성과 실제 이용자의 이용 형태에 대한 연구를 통해 국내에 조성된 보행 전용 공간의 특성을 규명하고자 함에 목적을 두고 사례분석을 통한 연구를 진행하였다. 사례연구는 지역적으로는 서울시에 조성된 차없는 거리 중 명동과 관철동에 조성된 시간제 통제방식의 보행자 전용공간을 선택하였으며 이에 대한 현장조사와 설문조사를 병행하여 분석하였다. 본 연구의 활용 방안으로는 보행공간 관련 사업 시 특정가로에 치중된 사업이 아닌 지역 전체 보행공간체계의 공간적 가로특성을 고려할 수 있으며, 현행 법제도에서 모호하게 제시된 보행자전용도로 위치 및 횡단보도 위치의 당위성을 제시할 수 있다. 또한, 계획단계에서 보행량 예측에 따른 적절한 계획수립방안을 모색할 수 있다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.128-141
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• 2014

본 연구는 송파구의 도시녹지 네트워크 강화와 도시녹지 확충을 위한 가로녹지 개선계획 수립을 목적으로 수행하였다. 송파구 네트워크 가로를 선정하기 위해 선행연구를 바탕으로 송파구 관내 공원, 녹지축 현황을 분석하고, 가로변녹지 현황, 보도폭 현황을 분석하였다. 분석결과 가로변에 위치한 19개 공원과 녹지축 연계가 가능한 13개 가로를 도출하였다. 가로변 녹지는 자연녹지 및 조성녹지와 연계된 가로가 56,546m이었고, 보도폭은 추가적인 띠녹지 확보 및 보식 가능한 보도폭 5m 이상의 가로가 8,600m이었다. 이를 종합하여 도시녹지 네트워크 가로로 올림픽로, 송파대로, 남부순환로, 위례성길을 선정하였다. 네트워크 가로의 가로녹지 조성 현황을 분석하여 가로녹지 조성 및 가로수 식재량 증진 방안을 도출하였다. 가로녹지 개선은 관목 위주 가로녹지의 녹지구조 다양화, 가로변 녹지를 활용한 가로녹지 보완을 제시하였다. 가로수 식재량 증진은 가로녹지 개선계획을 바탕으로 수목 보완 식재를 통해 식재량 증진이 가능한 가로를 대상으로 하였다. 송파구 네트워크 가로 중 아교목 보식(1주) 가능 구간은 전체 길이 34,206m중 63.6%이었다. 녹지 네트워크 가로별 식재량 증진계획에 따른 주수변화를 산정한 결과 4,708주의 추가식재를 통해 전체 9,518주로 증가할 것으로 예측되었다.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.29-32
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• 2017

Ozone concentration in Tokyo Metropolitan area is one of the most serious issues of the local air quality. Tropospheric ozone is formed by radical reaction including volatile organic compound (VOC) and nitrogen oxides ($NO_x$). Reduction of the emission of reactive VOC is a key to reducing ozone concentrations. VOC is emitted from anthropogenic sources and also from vegetation (biogenic VOC or BVOC). BVOC also forms ozone through $NO_x$ and radical reactions. Especially, in urban area, the BVOC is emitted into the atmosphere with high $NO_x$ concentration. Therefore, trees bordering streets and green spaces in urban area may contribute to tropospheric ozone. On the other hand, not all trees emit BVOC which will produce ozone locally. In this study, BVOC emissions have been investigated (terpenoids: isoprene, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes) for 29 tree species. Eleven in the 29 species were tree species that did not emit BVOCs. Three in 12 cultivars for future planting (25 %) were found to emit no terpenoid BVOCs. Eight in 17 commonly planted trees (47%) were found to emit no terpenoid BVOC. Lower-emitting species have many advantages for urban planting. Therefore, further investigation is required to find the species which do not emit terpenoid BVOC. Emission of reactive BVOC should be added into guideline for the urban planting to prevent the creation of sources of ozone. It is desirable that species with no reactive BVOC emission are planted along urban streets and green areas in urban areas, such as Tokyo.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2007

Streetscape plays on important role in urban cities. Characteristics of streets is basically defined by the building facade, signs, plants and paving during the daytime. However at night, street receives a new appearance due to the shop light from the buildings, exterior lightings, signboards and street light, and it creates most of the image of the streets. This study aims to analyze the luminous environment and its subjective image of two different pedestrian's commercial streets. Insa-dong street and Myungdong street were chosen for the study. Horizontal illuminance and luminance on building surface, advertisement billboards and pedestrian road were measured. Thirty students were asked to rate the five scaled questionnaire on their subjective images of the streets. Statistical analysis including profile, correlation and T-test are conducted and some findings are discussed

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2010

This study aims to examine how residents' perception of Neighborhood in the surrounding area changes to the spatial configuration changes due to co-residential area development in old urban area, and find out the characteristics of the perception changes. The research findings are as follows: First, the results of the spatial configuration changes analyzed by Space Syntax Model show that the integration value is between 0.5 and 0.7, which implies that the development in the old urban area does not contribute to the establishment of hierarchy. When the development takes place with the renewal of streets with consideration of the urban context, however, the integration improves relatively. Second, the actual distance and accessibility due to the street network appear to influence the residents' perception of Neighborhood. After the development, the residents' scope of perception increases on average. Third, the changes in the integration value of the streets after the development appear to influence the residents' scope of perception of Neighborhood. It turns out that there are frequent changes in the residents' scope of perception in the surrounding area around the streets with large increase in integration value, and the perception scope also moves to the center.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.43-61
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• 1992

Recently, people in urban areas ask for the creation of space for amenity and improvement of environmental problems, in such a condition the activation and reformation of city have become an important subject. The basic element of a city structure is the street. Therefore in this study, a transition of street spaces of a city was investigated. This study will be a basis for the planning of urban space in order to realize a comfortable and fascination urban life. In this paper, the study areas chosen were "Ginza", "Kyobashicho", "Nihonbashicho", "Honcho", "Tsukizi", "Hatchoboricho", "Ningyocho", "Ningyocho" which are the central places and business areas of capital Tokyo of Japan. The main streets were chosen for investigative subjects because they were planned as making a division of block in a city planning. Using maps and references the data was illustrated and the investigation was focused on the period from the Edo era to present time. (1) A periodical division for the basis of a street transition. (2) Consideration of methods in a plan and design for street spaces in each period. (3) A special feature and process of a street transition in each period. (4) A structure of a street and a construction form. (5) A classified structure of streets. (6) A process of a transition for each street.

• 아동학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.227-241
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• 2008

This research explored contemporary cities and children's lives in picture books by a survey of 71 picture books published and translated into Korean from 1996 to 2006. These books represented city or urban life as their settings with children or personified animals as their main characters. They were classified by four categories. Results were the city space that most frequently appeared in the picture books were streets (73%) including downtown (38%) and back streets (6%). Emotions displayed by children in the city were mainly negative feelings (60%) including fear, worry, sadness, and boredom. The most important issue was alienation (28.5%). Main characters barely managed to cope with life in the city (76%).