• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.45-53
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• 2013

It is important to secure green spaces to solve the urban heat island phenomenon, which is among problems resulted by high-density developments in metropolitan areas. However, it is hard to secure such green spaces in established urban areas so Green Rooftop development approaches have recently been highlighted and introduced as a solution to the situation. The present study conducts a simulation on residential areas in urbanized regions to quantitatively evaluate the effects of green rooftop developments through a comparison of changes in the air temperatures before and after relevant development projects. According to the evaluation results, when the green roof top development is conducted in the available areas, the temperature is reduced by 0.14 degree. The extension of green project to the entire building showed the reduction of the temperature by 0.29 degree. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the green rooftop development is a practically solution for reducing the air temperature of urbanized areas.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.100-103
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• 2009

The impermeable area on the surface of city has been increased as buildings and artificial landcover have continually been increased. Urban development has gradually decreased the green zone in downtown and alienated the city from the natural environment on outskirt area devastating the natural eco system. There arise the environmental problems peculiar to city including urban heat island phenomenon, urban flood, air pollution and urban desertification. As one of urban plans to solve such problems, green roof system is attracting attentions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the heat reduction effect according to the development of green roof system and to quantify the heat reduction effect by analyzing through simulation the heat environment before and after green roof system. For thermal environment analysis, Thermo-Render 3.0 was used that was developed by Tokyo Industrial College to simulate. The simulation showed that the heat island index before and after the development of tree-planting on rooftop changed maximum $0.86^{\circ}C$ and the surface temperature changed about $20^{\circ}C$. Only with lawn planting, heat reduction effect was great and it means that the green roof system in low-management-light-weight type is enough to see effect. The simulation identified that only lawn planting for green rooftop brought such difference and could lower the heat island index at a narrow area. It is judged that application of green roof system to wider areas might relieve urban heat island phenomenon positively.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.176-186
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• 2023

Urban Heat Island (UHI) is caused by an energy imbalance in urban areas, where building design and land cover contribute to its amplification. To mitigate UHI, increasing green space is one of the well known and the most effective approach. This study aims aimed to identify specific components of green spaces that lower temperatures and demonstrate the cooling effects based on their size and composition. Forests within green spaces have had a greater impact on temperature reduction due to shading and blocking solar radiation. Although lakes also contributed to temperature reduction, the effect to cooling intensity was not significant. The cooling distance does not depended on green space size or composition. The study emphasizes that initial temperature has a strongerinfluence on cooling intensity than green space size, highlighting the importance of vegetation type within green spaces to achieve a cooling effect. These findings provide valuable insights for urban planning and the design of green spaces to mitigate the effects of the urban heat island.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.33-41
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• 2013

The impervious area on the surface of urban area has been increased as buildings and artificial land cover have continually been increased. Urban development has gradually decreased the green zone in downtown and alienated the city from the natural environment on outskirt area devastating the natural ecosystem. There arise the environmental problems to urban area including urban heat island phenomenon, urban flood, air pollution and urban desertification. As one of urban plans to solve such problems, green roof system is attracting attentions. The purpose of this study was to investigate flood discharge and heat reduction effect according to the green roof system and to quantify effect by analyzing through simulation water and heat cycle before and after green roof system. For the analysis, Distributed hydrologic model, WEP (Water and Energy transfer Processes) and WEP+ model were used. WEP was developed by Dr. Jia, the Public Works Research Institute in Japan (Jia et al., 2005), which can simulate water and heat cycle of an urban area with complex land uses including calculation of spatial and temporal distributions of water and heat cycle components. The WEP+ is a visualization and analysis system for the WEP model developed by Korea Institute of Construction Technology (KICT).

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.128-141
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• 2014

This study established a plan to establish the roadside green for enhancing the urban green network and enhancing of urban greenery in Songpa-gu. As for the present conditions of the streets, that of the parks, the green axes, sidewalk in Songpa-gu were analyzed. This study derived 19 parks by the roadside and 13 lines to connect green axes. The result of roadside greenery status were selected 56,546m lines by natural green space and constructed green space. The result of sidewalks width were selected 8,600m lines that sidewalks width more than 5m for enhancing urban green network in Songpa-gu. For enhancing the urban green network lines were selected: Olympic Expressway, Songpa-daero, Nambusunhwan-no and Wiryeseong-gil. To improve the street planting strips, two plans were suggested: to improve the green structures of the street planting strips mainly with shrubs and to effectively create street planting strips through the green spaces along the streets. A plan to promote the amount of planting street trees in Songpa-gu analyzed the streets. Complements the understory layer sections were the highest the entire length of 34,206 m of 63.6% in strengthening for network streets. Greenspace network streets were calculated for planting of volume by promotion plan. Planting volume increased 4,708 trees before expand planting plan, so the total tree was considered 9,518 trees.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.908-910
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• 2003

In this paper the extraction method for the best suitable green vegetation area in urban area, Daegu, Korea, was developed using satellite images (1994, 1999, Landsat TM). For this, the GIS overlay analysis of GVI (Green Vegetation Index), SBI (Soil Brightness index), NWI (None-Such wetness Index) was performed to estimate the best suitable green vegetation area. Also, the statistical documents, algorithm and Tasseled-Cap index were used to recognize the change of land cover such as cultivation area, urban area, and damaged area. Through the result of this study, it is possible to monitor the large sized reclamation of land by drainage or damaged area by forest fires. Moreover, information with the change of green vegetation and the status of cultivation by GVI, but also moisture content by percentage by NWI and surface class by SBI can be obtained.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.60-70
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• 2007

Green space infrastructures for three cities, Gwacheon, Uiwang, and Hanam, were analyzed in terms of the area of urban parks per capita, the percentage of green space area, the area of green space per capita, and the percentage of vegetation cover in residential area, etc., which are commonly used as criteria for urban green space planning. The differences in green space infrastructure among these three cities were compared to the satisfaction level of residents for their green space. The area of parks per capita corresponded to the satisfaction level when Seoul Great Park in Gwacheon and Misa Park in Hanam were not included. Although these two huge parks accounted more than 90% of the area of urban parks in Gwacheon and Hanam, they serve more people from outside the cities and not likely visited by residents due to lacking of daily accessibility. The percentage of vegetation cover in residential area were considered to affect the satisfaction of residents for green space, whereas the total area of green space or the percentage of green space area in the cities was not related to the satisfaction level. It suggests that the distributions and accessibilities of green space and park service are more important for satisfaction than total green space area indicating urban sustainability.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2001

In order to answer the challenge that development gave to environment, Chinese cities are making up and putting into effect the green space system planning. The planning main keys are: set down standards and scope of green space; bring the characteristics of every types of green space in to full play and made into basic units of the system; formed powerful links of the system; make full use of the natural system of city, constituted the urban and countryside as a organic whole green space system, therefore give full play their function and ecological effect. In fact, this green space system is a complex system. It is the main body of city ecological system, a main container of the citizen activities of leisure and recreation and a leading factor for making characteristic city landscape. Therefore it is a system carrying city's environment sustainable development.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.17-31
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• 2004

How far of natural regeneration of the city and improvement on the urban environment will be possible in the replanting on the impermeable surface? The replanting of what kind of form will be obtained in order to realize it? The regeneration of the nature is possible, if it can be realized at the thin soil layer in which the result of being equivalent to the natural soil function. Using the light artificial soil with the water retentiveness, it is possible that green on the artificial ground reinforces the green skeleton of the city. The green of artificial ground improves the thermal ambience of the city and demonstrates stormwater runoff depression effect. It is necessary to built the landscape which continues with the surrounding green. Ecologically stabilizing green has the high amenity. The development of replanting technology of the artificial ground which fosters the city culture is desired.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2013

This study investigated Chinese Laws on the kind of urban green spaces and the legal requirements for the green spaces of urban habitat and analyzed the specificities of them intending to provide basic data to suggest bringing in or not the relevant Chinese Laws to Korea. This study can be summarized as follows: First, the concept of Chinese urban green spaces(g.s.) classified by 5 kinds(park g.s., production g.s., protection g.s., attachment g.s., the others g.s.) placed the park and green spaces in the same category unlike the Korean urban green spaces that only distinguishes between park and green spaces. The Chinese Urban Park is classified by 4 kinds(composite park, community park, special park, linear park) at the 'Standard for urban green spaces classification' which is below in rank of the legal system. Second, in case of calculation for green spaces ratio of urban green spaces in China, the green rooftop landscaping area should not be included as a green spaces area except the rooftop of a basement or semi basement building to which residents have easy access. The green spaces requirements and compulsory secure ratio by 3 habitat kinds(habitat, small habit, minimum habitat) of when to act as a residential plan is regulated. Third, the green spaces system is obligated to establish at habitat green spaces plan and is specified to conserve and improve existing trees and green spaces. The green spaces ratio on reconstruction for old habitat is relaxed to be lower than for new habitat and a gradient of green spaces is peculiarly clarified. The details and requirements for establishment and the minimum area intending for each classes of the central green spaces(habitat park, children park, minimum habitat's green spaces) are regulated. Especially at a garden style of minimum habitat's green spaces, intervals between the south and north houses and a compulsory security for green spaces area classifying into two groups(closing type green spaces and open type green spaces) by a middle-rise or high-rise building are clarified. System of calculation for green spaces area is presented at a special regulation. Fourth, a general index(area/person) of public green spaces within habitat to achieve by 3 habitat kinds is determined, in this case, the index on reconstruction for a deterioration zone can be relaxed to be lower to the extent of a specified quantity. A location and scale, minimum width and minimum area per place of public green spaces are regulated. A space plot principle including adjacent to a road, greening area ratio against total area, security of open space and the shadow line boundary of sunshine are also regulated to intend for public green spaces. Fifth, the minimum horizontal distance between the underground cables and the surrounding greening trees are regulated as the considerable items for green spaces when setting up the underground cables. The principle to establish green spaces within public service facilities is regulated according to the kind of service contents. It shall be examined in order to import or not the special regulations that only exist in Chinese Laws but not in Korean Laws. The result of this study will contribute to gain the domestic landscape architect's' sympathy of the research related to Chinese urban green spaces laws requiring immediate attention and will be a good chance to advance into the internationalization of Korean Landscape Architectural Laws.