• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.37-44
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• 2023

As a basic study to analyze the relative importance of external space in urban development projects, this study selects evaluation indicators for external space planning and then analyzes systematic external space planning through expert surveys. The scope of the study is to examine the criteria of evaluation items for external space derived from existing studies and to suggest the importance and priority of evaluation items. As a research method, we reviewed the legal and research literature on landscape planning and external space-related guidelines, and conducted a primary review of external space planning evaluation items analyzed by questionnaire. The reviewed items were again reviewed and selected through expert group discussions (FGI). The selected evaluation items were surveyed by expert groups and analyzed in depth using the hierarchical analysis method (AHP). Looking at the relative importance of the calculated sub-items, among the 17 sub-items, 'planning open space' (.096) is the largest, followed by 'pedestrianization' (.082), 'linking with adjacent buildings, streets, parks, and green areas' (.077), 'securing public space through various planning techniques such as linking with pedestrian paths' (.066), 'Plan the placement, form, and scale of buildings in consideration of the identity of the destination' (.065), 'Plan buildings, streets, parks, and green spaces in an integrated and holistic manner' (.065), 'Harmonize with the surrounding environment (landscape)' (.063), 'Harmonize with surrounding buildings and apply landscape planning in urban planning' (.063), 'Entrances and lower floors of buildings are planned as parks for users and pedestrians' (.060), 'Preserve and expand green areas and establish maintenance plans for urban greening' (.054), 'Form the basis for a comfortable life for urban residents by providing long-term development directions' (.047), 'Activate community activities and plan pedestrian environments and streetscapes considering human scale' (.047), 'Establish and propose basic directions for urban greening' (.046), 'Plan buildings, streets, parks, and green areas considering the hierarchy and characteristics of the landscape structure' (.045), 'Plan for integrated land use' (.045), 'Create green axes in connection without cutting them due to development activities' (.044), and 'Apply barrier free design' (.034).

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.77-80
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• 2024

Aedes albopictus, a common species in the Republic of Korea, is internationally known as a major vector for various diseases, and it is well-adapted to urban environments. Recent insect outbreaks in urban areas, attributed to climate change and urban heat islands, have increased the necessity of researching the effects on mosquito populations. This study analyzed climate data from 25 Automatic Weather System (AWS) stations in Seoul, identifying urban areas with pronounced heat island effects and suburban areas with milder effects. Nine urban heat island conditions were established based on this analysis, under which the hatching rates of Ae. albopictus were examined. The results revealed an increase in hatching rates correlating with the intensity of the urban heat island effect. Regression analysis further indicated that this trend accelerates as the strength of the heat island effect increases. This study suggests that temperature variations resulting from urban heat island phenomena can significantly influence the hatching rates of Ae. albopictus.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.42-53
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• 2023

This paper explores the recent development of environmental aesthetics and critically examines the main agendas, claims, issues, and implications of everyday aesthetics, which is emerging as an important branch of environmental aesthetics. Environmental aesthetics began in the context of cultural change and environmentalism in the 1960s and expanded in the second half of the 20th century with a solid theoretical foundation. At the beginning of the 21st century, it entered a process of diversification of objects and subjects. Having reached academic maturity, environmental aesthetics has expanded into theoretical territory considering the urban environment and the human environment, providing practical coordinates as a discourse for planning and designing urban environments and landscapes. The most notable achievement of environmental aesthetics since the mid-2000s is the establishment of 'everyday aesthetics'. Yuriko Saito, who is leading the research on everyday aesthetics, expanded the objects and scope of aesthetic theory to everyday objects, events, activities, and environments. She excavates the microscopic and sensory aspects of everyday life, which have been overlooked by conventional art-centered aesthetics, through the lens of aesthetics. She reinterprets various layers of phenomena in contemporary urban landscapes and analyzes how the 'power of the aesthetic' hidden in everyday life profoundly affects the quality of life and the state of the world. Saito examines the appreciation of the distinctive characteristics and ambiance inherent in everyday objects and environments and proposes a 'moral-aesthetic judgment' to alert citizens to the environmental, social, and political consequences of everyday aesthetic appreciation and response. This paper identifies the issues and implications of everyday aesthetics as first, the expansion of aesthetics and the ambiguous everyday, second, the moral-aesthetic judgment and the aesthetics of care, and third, urban regeneration landscapes and aesthetic literacy. In particular, the moral virtues of everyday aesthetics that Saito proposes, such as care, thoughtfulness, sensitivity, and respect, provide a critical reference for the practice of contemporary urban regeneration landscapes. The 'aesthetic literacy' is a key concept demonstrating why an environmental aesthetics perspective is necessary to interpret everyday urban environments and landscapes.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.81-89
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• 2013

Many of the current visual odometry algorithms suffer from some extreme limitations such as requiring a high amount of computation time, complex algorithms, and not working in urban environments. In this paper, we present an approach that can solve all the above problems using a single camera. Using a planar motion assumption and Ackermann's principle of motion, we construct the vehicle's motion model as a circular planar motion (2DOF). Then, we adopt a 1-point method to improve the Ransac algorithm and the relative motion estimation. In the Ransac algorithm, we use a 1-point method to generate the hypothesis and then adopt the Levenberg-Marquardt method to minimize the geometric error function and verify inliers. In motion estimation, we combine the 1-point method with a simple least-square minimization solution to handle cases in which only a few feature points are present. The 1-point method is the key to speed up our visual odometry application to real-time systems. Finally, a Bundle Adjustment algorithm is adopted to refine the pose estimation. The results on real datasets in urban dynamic environments demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.59-69
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• 2002

This study is designed to derive a cost estimation method for the management of green areas in apartment housing blocks. For this purpose, quantity of green areas, their usages, management techniques were analyzed through a survey of residents. In this process, contingent valuation method(CVM) is utilized to evaluate the cost of green areas. The survey was conducted for about two weeks in June of 2002. The amount of willingness to pay(WTP) for green area management is calculated by the CVM program. The findings are as follows; First, the residents want more green areas in their apartment blocks, as well as in the surrounding urban areas, due to the shortage of green areas in their living environments. Second, the residents' opinion on green area is summarized as that of natural environment protectionist - it helps living environment to be more amenable and contributes the preservation of urban and global environments. This fact can be interpreted as the peoples profound recognition toward green areas. Third, the contingent valuation method(CVM) is suitable to evaluate WTP for management costs of green areas. Fourth, more than half of the residents(61.6%) agreed upon the costs of green area supply and management. calculated by the CVM. Estimated WTP is ￦ 1,900~2,400 per month per household.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.122-129
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• 2010

The basic premise of this study was that the elderly family would be one user type to live in apartment houses. This means that apartment houses should be designed by considering the elderly family as well as general young families. The purpose of this study was to carry out POE of apartment houses by the elderly resident and to suggest the design direction of apartment houses from the elderly's point of view. The subject was 150 elderly residents who lived in apartment houses in Jangyu new urban area, Kyungnam. The individual interview was done for this POE by six interviewers. They asked about how degree they were satisfied with 30 design elements of apartment houses. Those consisted of 8 elements related to outdoor environments, 16 ones to indoor environments, and 6 design evaluative elements for the elderly housing. The conclusions were as followings; 1) In general, the elderly subject was very satisfied with their apartment design. However, more considerations of the design evaluative elements for the elderly were needed in order to be apartment houses for the old generation. 2) Natural facilities such as small parks and walks, and local amenities should be arranged systematically to be used easily by the old residents. 3) The design solutions for reducing noise should be added. 4) The same quality of housing environment should be provided in all sizes of housing units.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.453-463
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• 2002

Prognostic meteorological model, MM5V3 (Mesoscale Model 5 Version 3) was used to assess the effects of the land-use modifications on spatial variations of temperature and wind fields in Busan during the selected period of summer season in 2000. We first examined sensitivity analysis for temperature between MM5V3 predictions and meteorological data observed at 4 AWS (Automatic Weather System) stations in Busan, which exhibited low structural and accurate errors (Mean Bias Error, MBE: 0.73, Root Mean Square Error, RMSE: 1.18 on maximum). The second part of this paper, MMSV3 simulations for the modification of land-use was performed with 1 km resolution in target domain, 46$\times$46 $\textrm{km}^2$ area around city of Busan. It was found that modification result from change of surface land-use in central urban area altered spatial distributions of temperature and wind. In particular, heat island core moved slightly to the seaward at 1300 LST. This results may imply that modification of surface land-use leads to change the thermal environments; in addition, it has a significant effect on local wind circulations and dispersions of air pollutants.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.127-134
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• 2009

This study initially analyzes the meaning of Community-Based Residential Environment Improvement. A residential environment improvement factor was determined through an analysis of the function, components, Planning techniques of the community, the evaluation criteria of the residential environment, and through relative literature documenting plans for the adjustment of urban and housing environments. In terms of the methodological approach, decisions were made based on the results of an expert focus-group-interview, a goodness-of-fit test, and by using the analytic network decision-making method from which the correlation among items can be considered. Results of this analysis show that the, order of importance of factors for a community-based residential environment is as follows: interactional character, cognitive character, and locational character. Furthermore, the most important aspect for each of these factors are the neighbor-hood relationship in terms of the interactional character, common consciousness for the cognitive character and place for locational character. The results of this study can be used by linking them with questionnaire items for basic resident research when a residential environment improvement project or a plan for the adjustment of urban and housing environments is planned.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.104-109
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• 2012

Currently, GPS(Global Positioning System) is used to find user location information. However, in some cases, especially in urban environments, we receive unreliable location information deu to multipath fading. In order to resolve this problem, we propose a closely coupled positioning technique where GPS signal is combined with QZSS signal. Also we proposed and analyze a combining algorithm of GNSS and Wi-Fi signals to get closely coupled location information by referring AP information. Finally, this paper proposes a combined GPS/QZSS/Wi-Fi navigation algorithm to improve navigation performance, and it is verified by testing of car deriving according to availability and accuracy standard.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1152-1154
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• 2003

The needs of 3-D data have been increasing for various applications like visualization, 3-D modeling, planning and management as well as entertainment. Mobile mapping has become a quick and practical means for acquiring necessary 3-D data for above-mentioned applications. A mobile mapping system mainly consists of two main components, viz. data acquisition devices and positioning devices. The data acquisition devices consist of CCD cameras or/and laser scanners. The positioning devices consist of GPS, INS, Odometer (shaft encoder) and some other referencing devices. The overall accuracy of mobile mapping system depends on the accuracy of positioning devices and their integrated output. Though, GPS is the main input device for the position information, the signal is not available for the computation of position all the times in urban area. The GPS satellites are normally obstructed by high-rise buildings. Thus it is very important to understand the accuracy of such a system in different environments and means to solve such problems. We have developed a mobile mapping system called VLMS (Vehicle-borne Laser Mapping System), which consists of CCD Cameras, Laser scanners, GPS, INS and Odometer. In this paper, we will present and discuss the accuracy of this system with data acquired in different environments (open area, urban area, tunnel, express way etc) by analyzing the data with respect to other existing digital data.