• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.45-60
• /
• 2020

과거에는 대기오염, 수질오염, 폐기물 등이 환경영향평가에서 주요한 평가항목이었는데 최근에는 토지환경(토지이용, 지형), 자연생태환경(동·식물상, 자연환경자산), 사회·경제 환경 등이 주요한 평가항목으로 다뤄지고 있다. 2012년 이후 전략환경영향평가와 소규모환경영향평가의 협의결과를 보면, 90 %이상이 조건부동의였다. 그러나 환경영향평가의 협의결과는 2012년~2016년 기간 거의 대부분(94.1 %) 동의였으나, 환경정책기조가 바뀌는 2017년 이후부터 대부분(87.4 %) 조건부동의로 결정되었다. 그리고 세 종류 환경영향평가의 부동의 비율이 2013년~2016년 기간 0.3~0.6 % 밖에 되지 않았는데, 2017년~2019년 기간 1.3~3.1 %로 급증하였다. 그 사이 협의 결과에 영향을 미칠만한 제도나 분석기법의 변화가 없었다면, 협의결과의 일관성 및 공정성의 결여가 문제로 제기될 수 있다. 따라서 환경영향평가에서 입지타당성을 결정하는 토지이용, 동·식물상 및 자연환경자산, 사회·경제 등의 평가항목에 대한 지표개발과 적용에 대한 연구가 요구되고 있다. 본 연구는 환경영향평가가 전략환경영향평가, 환경영향평가, 소규모환경영향평가로 구분되어 시행되는 2012년 이후 동의, 조건부동의, 부동의 협의결과를 분석한다. 부동의 사례에 대해 6개 환경분야 중 입지타당성분석에서 중요한 토지환경과 자연생태환경의 평가항목을 중심으로 근거요인을 분석하고, 환경관련 토지이용규제와 환경관련 등급을 중심으로 개발계획이나 개발사업에 대한 환경영향평가에서 협의 결정의 개선방안을 모색한다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.37-46
• /
• 2012

This study was conducted to identify groundwater recharge and discharge amounts of a representative urban-rural composite area located in Yongin city, Kyounggi-do, Korea. Groundwater recharge would be affected by mainly two processes in the study area: rainfall and leakage from public water pipelines including water-supply and sewage system. Groundwater recharge rate was estimated to be 13.5% by applying annual groundwater level data from two National Groundwater Monitoring Stations to the master regression curve method. Subsequently, the recharge amounts were determined to be $13,253{\times}10^3m^3/yr$. Leakage amounts from water-supply and sewage system were estimated to be $3,218{\times}10^3$ and $5,696{\times}10^3m^3/yr$, respectively. On the whole, a total of the recharge amounts was $22,167{\times}10^3m^3/yr$, of which 60% covers rainfall recharge and 40% pipeline leakage. Groundwater discharge occurred through three processes in the composite area: baseflow, well pumping, and discharge from urban infrastructure including groundwater infiltration into sewage pipeline and artificial extraction of groundwater to protect underground facilities from submergence. Discharge amounts by baseflow flowing to the Kiheung agricultural reservoir and well pumping were estimated to be $382{\times}10^3$ and $1,323{\times}10^3m^3/yr$, respectively. Occurrence of groundwater infiltration into sewage pipeline was rarely identified. Groundwater extraction amounts from the Bundang subway line as an underground facility were identified as $714{\times}10^3m^3/yr$. Overall, a total of the discharge amounts was determined to be $2,419{\times}10^3m^3/yr$, which was contributed by 29% of artificial discharge. Even though groundwater budget of the composite area was identified to be a surplus, it should be managed for a sound groundwater environment by changing deteriorated pipelines and controlling artificial discharge amounts.

• 환경정책연구
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.113-127
• /
• 2005

토지이용 강도가 높은 도시비오톱을 대상으로 조류다양성 확보를 위한 비오톱 면적지수의 활용방안에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 이 연구의 목적은 비오톱 평가지표들사이의 상관관계를 살펴보고 조류다양성을 보호하기 위한 비오톱 평가지표를 개발하여 생태적으로 건전한 도시비오톱의 효과적인 복원방법을 계획하는 데 있다. 도시 비오톱에서 조류 다양성에 영향을 주는 평가지수의 분석을 위해서, 각각의 사이트에 대해 비오톱 면적, 곤충종수, 인접도로와의 거리, 비오톱 면적지수를 조사하였다. 결론적으로, 비오톱평가 지수들 사이의 상관관계는 다음과 같은 결과가 나타났다. 조류종수와 곤층종수 > 조류종수와 비오톱 면적지수 > 곤충종수와 비오톱 면적지수 다시말해, 조류다양성은 실질적으로 곤충종수와 비오톱 면적지수에 의해 영향을 받는다. 결과로부터 얻어진 등식은 조류종수는 6.124 $\times$ 비오톱면적지수 + 0.095 $\times$ 곤충종수 - 1.197 이다. 그러므로, 비오톱면적지수와 곤충을 위한 수직적 경관다양성이 유지된다면, 작은 면적의 비오톱이라 할지라도 도시지 역에서 조류다양성을 증진시키는 데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
• /
• 제2권4호
• /
• pp.183-188
• /
• 2003

Corrosion of carbon and weathering steels were evaluated under 3 environmental exposures in Thailand (urban, rural and marine) for a year. The seasonal study was designed to determine different corrosion mechanisms by 6 months of dry season and 6 months of rainy season in a year. The sheltered exposure racks were used to determine the washing effect of min. At each site, climatic and pollutants analyses were carried out. The present study showed that the difference in corrosion rates of carbon and weathering steels was not so distinguished in both rural (AIT) and urban (TISTR) environments. The corrosion rate of weathering steel was somewhat lower than that of carbon steel and the decreasing tendency of corrosion rate with time was slightly higher for weathering steel than for carbon steel. In marine (Rayong) environment, the corrosion rate was higher and the effect of wet and dry seasons was observed. The corrosion rate in 6 dry months was higher for direct exposure than for sheltered exposure. However, in 6 rainy months. the corrosion rate of sheltered exposure was higher than that of direct exposure. In direct exposure for I year, that is, the first 6 dry months and the next 6 rainy months, the corrosion rate decreased with time. but in sheltered exposure, the corrosion rate did not decrease with time. instead, increased in the next 6 rainy months. This indicated that the protect ive layer formed in the first 6 dry months could be destroyed by high deposition of chloride to r sheltered exposure in the next 6 rainy months; whereas the rust layer for direct exposure could be kept sound due to washing effect in rainy season, even though the deposition rate of chloride was almost the same for direct and sheltered exposures. In marine environment, the weathering steel showed higher corrosion resistance than carbon steel but its corrosion rate was higher than those in other environments.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.97-103
• /
• 2008

This study presented politic proposals and diverse utilization-type in coastal areas by analyzing results of reviewed related-statements of marine environment during the one year period of 2007 by Marine Environmental Impact Assessment Center. Total of 358 cases were reviewed, which was a significant increase from 270 in 2006. Consultation on the utilization of sea areas (CUSA) accounted for the largest number of 165 (46.1%) and it was followed by 104 cases of environmental impact assessment (EIA) (29.0%) and 89 cases of prior environmental review (PER) (24.9%). As such, evaluation statements (EIA+PER) related to consultations of the Ministry of Environment accounted for approximately 54% of the entire cases reviewed. To analyze the overall results of reviewing marine-related evaluation statements, utilization and planning were conducted by 47.9%, 38.4% and 13.7% in the South Sea, West Sea and East Sea of Korea, respectively. In evaluation statements (EIA+PER), port construction, industrial complex construction, urban management plan and road construction took up most of the part by 40.9%, 20.2%, 10.4% and 7.3%, respectively. In terms of CUSA-statement, it was evaluated that consultations were mostly carried out on use and reclamation of public water surface in coastal areas and on sea aggregate extraction process in EEZ. The largest number of plans for coastal use were established for Jeollanam-do, followed by Gyeongsangnam-do, Chungcheongnam-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do and Gyeonggi-do. In particular, development plans were concentrated on Jeollanam-do and Gyeongsangnam-do with stable marine environment and outstanding view of the nature. In most cases, these regions are adjacent to the areas designated as a sea area for environmental management and fisheries resources protection zone. Therefore, conflicts exist between development and preservation. Also, rather than random development, more detailed marine environmental impact assessment, gathering of public opinions and politic harmony are essentially required. For efficient coastal management and environmentally sound and sustainable development, fulfilling consistent and transparent coastal policies as well as active and reliable decision making to center on coastal environment by management bodies will be important.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.6-10
• /
• 2005

With the rapid industrial development, railways have become a main traffic means of transportation. However, rail traffic noise and vibration have become a major problem in urban areas which is a very serious issue for the living environment. Especially, railway noise induced by rail operations has influenced on the residents living near railway tracks. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the Raynoise modeling in railway applications. Generally, my acoustics have been used to investigate the effectiveness of noise barriers in railway applications and barriers are modeled using the commercial software Raynoise. A-weighted sound pressure level have been measured at six locations, 4m from the track and are compared with experimental values. Based on the analysis of the results, Comparison between numerical and experimental values are within 1dB (A). Also, when a train is m through the Raynoise modeling, the general influential sphere of railway noise can be determined. Therefore, this study will be using basic data in establishing effective railway noise prevention plans far the future. Also, we could know that is applicable of Raynoise modeling at railway noise.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제14권5호
• /
• pp.247-254
• /
• 2005

Road traffic noise has increasing broader effects on urban areas as well as rural areas because of rapidly increasing traffic volume and newly-constructed roads. 10 sites in building development areas were selected and the noise level were measured by the apartment floors and by the various block plans of apartment complex. Analysis result, about correction factor, in the case of right angle arrangement, apply - 2.5dB(A). In the case of apartment house correlation of each floor apply 1st floors 0dB(A), 2st floors 1.2dB(A), 3st floors 2.1dB(A), 4st floors 2.6dB(A), 5st floors 2.7dB(A), 6st floors 2.7dB(A), 7st floors 2.4dB(A), 8st floors 2.0dB(A), 9st floors 1.6dB(A), 10st floors 1.1dB(A), 13st floors 0.2dB(A), 15st floors 0.5dB(A). The level of road traffic noise in the arrangement construction of right angle was about 3.0dB(A) at N-4 point and 2.1dB(A) at N-6 point lower than that of a plan figure, respectively. The results suggested that application of correction coefficient obtained by the apartment floor and by the arrangement construction can be improved in road traffic noise. The results suggested that application of correction coefficient obtained by the apartment floor and by the arrangement construction can be improved in road traffic noise.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제37권2호
• /
• pp.120-125
• /
• 2015

도시화의 가속화와 더불어 도심의 교통량의 증가로 도로소음피해를 최소화하기 위하여 방음벽의 설치 수요가 증가하고 있다. 설치되고 있는 여러 형태의 방음벽 중, 반사형 방음패널의 경우 불투명 방음패널과 달리 시야를 가리지 않으므로 방음시설을 요구하는 거주자들에게 인기를 얻고 있다. 하지만 반사형 방음패널의 경우, 반사음에 의한 2차 피해를 유발시켜 피해를 줄일 수 있는 방음벽 개발의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 반사형 방음패널의 전면형상 및 기하학적 형태를 변화시켜 반사음의 전달을 최소화 시킬 수 있는 형상을 연구하였다. 일반형 반사형 방음패널과 형상별 방음패널의 반사소음 저감 효과를 비교 한 결과, 곡선형 방음패널이 1.5 dB의 소음저감 효과가 있었다. 또한, 반사음의 증가 또는 감소는 형상별 설계인자에 따라 변화하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 방음벽 전면 현상에 따른 반사소음의 저감 기술의 가능성을 보여주는 결과라고 판단된다.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.153-172
• /
• 1997

The distribution sector is affected by a wide range of regulations. Many of these are related to health and safety, others are related to urban planning and environmental issues, whereas some mainly have an economic basis. But, regulations many be unduly restrictive, in which case they can drive up costs and ultimately prices, or they may, in some cases, reduce consumer choice. Unduly restrictive regulations could also increase costs indirectly, by reducing competition and thus lead to lower productivity growth. In the past few years, distribution sector has gone through drastic changes due to deregulation and market opening. Implementation of regulatory reforms served as an opportunity to change laws and systems which had been an obstacle to development of distribution sector. Market opening of distribution sector became a turning point to promote competition among domestic and foreign firms. However, for small and medium scale of the typical retail enterprises which were in no position to compete in terms of prices, additional facilities, and services, faced a threat of diminished trading area, and even of their existence. Because, large firms may have greater market power than small firms, as they can more easily extract favorable terms when procuring goods, and may also be able to deter entry by advertising outlays or access to the best sites. In addition, larger chain stores armied with sufficient capital dominated trading area and reduced customer's welfare by abusing their monopoly power when competing with other shops, and are often cited as an example of adverse effects of local monopoly. In order to minimize such adverse effects and to foster competition, regulatory reforms in distribution sector should set its goal to promote sound and stable distribution activities through market principle and restoring competition principle, and ultimately to boost customers welfare. Therefore, deregulation in distribution sector should be implemented in a way to promote customers welfare, eliminate entry barriers, and expand competition principle such as productivity and efficiency competition. However, it should be also recognized that deregulation of system alone is not enough to develop the distribution sector. To compete in a increasingly concentrated industry, small enterprises increasingly engage in co-operative arrangements, such as buying groups, strategic alliances or franchise agreements.

• 기술사
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.41-53
• /
• 1983

The Dangri Crushed Stone Quarry is located in Dangridong, Busan City, and around the estuary of the Nagdong River. The quarry is considered to be a very promised one in the urban area from the standpoints of the assessment of the aggregate rank, the environmental impacts and the transportation distance. The crushed stones for aggregate of the quarry marks the higher rank in the gravity, the absorption ratio, the abrasion ratio, and the stability in comparison with the JISA 5005. The basement vibrations of the residential section in the vicinity of the quarry, which are arised by the millisecond blasting at the quarry site using the gelatin dynamites less than 39kg in weight, are measured to assess the vibration nuisance. The values of acceleration and the magnitudes are less than eight gals and O on the Richter scale respectively, the vibration nuisance thus can be ignored in such scales of the experiments. The traffic vibrations of the residential section are slightly susceptible. In the experiments, the traffic vibrations appears to be sensibler to the basement than the explosion vibration. The explosion noises in the experiments are not checked not only on the RION Sound Level Meter but also to our ears. The values of traffic noises also are in the safety values of the noise nuisance. The crush dust suspends in the air toward the upper valley in the opposite side of the residential area because of the influences of the sea breeze and the valley wind in the daytime, and the monsoon and the topographic disposition. the dust nuisance thus would not be remained in problem. The quarry is operated in the daytime only. The traffic dust in the residential area will be reduced by the faultless pavement and the careful driving. The elaborate survey on the ridges and peaks surrounded the quarry is recommended to prevent in advance the accidents of the rock slide. Moreover, it is required to make an advisory committee to develop the industry and to save the techniques. The most important matter is the accomodation between the attitude of the enterprising man for the social responsibility to the public nuisance and the cooperative spirit of the inhabitants for the industry.