• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.163-171
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• 2019

Recently, rural housing in urban areas has been increasing due to the improvement of income level. With the increase of the construction of the power house, the installation of the heating system using the harmonious fuel for the purpose of heating and the beauty of the room is increasing rapidly. In addition to the increasing use of firewood heating equipment, the incidence of fire is also increasing. Analysis of the National Fire Data System of the Fire Department The result of the analysis of the National Fire Data System Many parts of the fire are incinerated by the accumulation of tar due to the incompleteness of periodic cleaning inside the cylinder. The distance between the fire extinguisher and the combustible materials such as ceiling, Resulting in fire. In addition, it was found that much of the fire of the firewood heating system in the time zone occurs during the sleeping and resting time and there is not enough time for the residents to cope. This, in turn, causes serious harm to the lives and property of the users of the pyrotechnic heating system. Therefore, in this study, domestic and foreign standards and laws related to fuel oil heating facilities were analyzed and 12 cases of fire accidents were analyzed. Through the revision of the fire prevention and firefighting facilities installation and maintenance law, the installation standards of the alarm and fire extinguishing facilities were presented.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.235-244
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to offer information about the current river conditions and basic data of streams in Busan city, by selecting 20 underground streams and evaluating their multilateral stream assessment. Concerning the evaluation of streams, 4 sections including the general index, the bank index, the river characteristic index, and the ecological environment characteristic index were evaluated. Ahead of the evaluation, the study divided Busan city into 4 zone for a systematic river investigation. Then, the study allocated code names to each river, and conducted literature research and a field survey of streams. Based on this, the study applied the evaluation of multilateral stream assessment. As a result, out of 4 entire grades, there was no grade 1 or grade 2. Instead, 35% were grade 3, 60% were grade 4, and 5% were grade 5. When looking into the evaluation results by Zone, the Dongbusan Zone showed the highest index, and the Suyeonggang Zone, the Jungbusan Zone, and the Nakdonggang Zone followed, in order.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.903-919
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• 2015

The flow of freshly mixed cement-based material shows thixotropy, which implies some difficulties on robust measurement of its rheological properties: The flow curve of thixotropic materials depends on the used protocol. For examples, higher viscosity is obtained when the rate of shear strain is more quickly increased. Even though precise measurement and modelling of the concrete rheology needs to consider the thixotropic effect, engineers in the concrete field prefer considering as a non-thixotropic Herschel-Bulkley fluid, even more simply Bingham fluid. That is due to robustness of the measurement and application in casting process. In the aspect of simplification, this papers attempts to mimic the thixoropic flow by the non-thixotropic Herschel-Bulkley model. Disregarding the thixotropy of cement based materials allows us to adopt the rheological concept in the field. An optimized protocol to measure the Bingham parameters was finally found based on the accuracy and reproducibility test of cement paste samples, which minimizes the error of simulation stemming from the assumption of non-thixotropy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.15-25
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• 2015

The growth of impermeable layers in the city center due to today's urban development is emerging as a major cause of urban heat island effects as well as recurring inland flood damages. In order to cope with such disasters caused by climatic changes, an artificial ground afforestation system is suggested as a fundamental solution that addresses both water environment and heat environment. For the afforestation system to replace the current disaster prevention facilities, quantitative performance verification through related numerical analysis models and actual survey monitoring is necessary. Therefore, this study seeks to propose the performance predication method for the heat environment of the afforestation system by looking into correlations between measurements by physical vegetation indicators such as LAI and FVC and forecasts from FASST, a vegetation canopy model used by US Corps of Engineers.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.361-366
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• 2018

The present study analyzed the variation factors in inducing a salinity change using the existing observation network in the section between the Nakdong River Estuary Barrage and Changnyeong-Haman Weir, and also examined the seasonal changes in precipitation, salinity, and discharge. Furthermore, this study analyzed the causes of a salinity increase by collecting observational data during a period when abnormal salinity occurred, and further investigated the salinity transfer time in a section of approximately 5.3 km from the Nakdong River Estuary Barrage to Nakdong River Bridge to understand the behavioral characteristics of the salinity moving upstream. The study results would make it possible to control the increase in salinity and block salt water from moving upstream by understanding the salinity variation characteristics according to the discharge amount. This will provide stability in collecting water from various residential, agricultural, and industrial sources through water intake facilities scattered near the Nakdong River Estuary Barrage.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.19-20
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• 2015

Sign system currently used for traditional heritage villages in Korea does not have any well-defined concept and method so that somewhat improper signs can be developed like for general urban or tourism area. In this paper, we present a new method or guideline of sign system based on DPD(disaster prevention design) concept for our traditional heritage villages. We can enhance both safety of residents and satisfaction of visitors throughout this guideline. According to our investigations on the heritage villages, sign systems in Korea are mainly developed for tourism, on the other hand, sign development in Japan mainly focuses on prevention or protection against big disasters like earthquakes. Considering residents and their safety, we can submit a proper guideline to develop sign system for our traditional heritage villages based on the concept of DPD which can be applied to each space. Asan 'Oeam Village' and Beppu 'Onsen Village' are used as application sites compared between Korea and Japan.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.9-20
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• 2013

In this paper, the rainfall elasticity of streamflow was estimated to quantify the effects of climate change on 5 river basins. Rainfall elasticity denotes the sensitivity of annual streamflow for the variations of potential annual rainfall. This is a simple, useful method that evaluates how the balance of a water cycle on river basins changes due to long-term climate change and offers information to manage water resources and environment systems. The elasticity method was first used by Schaake in 1990 and is commonly used in the United States and Australia. A semi-distributed hydrological model (SLURP, semi-distributed land use-based runoff processes) was used to simulate the variations of area streamflow, and potential evapotranspiration. A nonparametric method was then used to estimate the rainfall elasticity on five river basins of Korea. In addition, the A2 (SRES IPCC AR4, Special Report on Emission Scenarios IPCC Fourth Assessment Report) climate change scenario and stochastic downscaling technique were used to create a high-resolution weather change scenario in river basins, and the effects of climate change on the rainfall elasticity of each basin were then analyzed.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.153-164
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• 2017

The geological factors for causing ground subsidence are very diverse. It can be affected by any geological or extrinsic influences, and even within the same geological factor, the soil depression impact factor can be determined by different physical properties. As a result of reviewing a large number of papers and case histories, it can be seen that there are seven categories of ground subsidence factors. The depth and thickness of the overburden can affect the subsidence depending on the existence of the cavity, whereas the depth and orientation of the boundary between soil and rock are dominant factors in the ground composed of soil and rock. In case of soil layers, more various influencing factors exist such as type of soil, shear strength, relative density and degree of compaction, dry unit weight, water content, and liquid limit. The type of rock, distance from the main fracture and RQD can be influential factors in the bedrock. When approaching from the hydrogeological point of view, the rainfall intensity, the distance and the depth from the main channel, the coefficient of permeability and fluctuation of ground water level can influence to ground subsidence. It is also possible that the ground subsidence can be affected by external factors such as the depth of excavation and distance from the earth retaining wall, groundwater treatment methods at excavation work, and existence of artificial facilities such as sewer pipes. It is estimated that to evaluate the ground subsidence factor during the construction of underground structures in urban areas will be essential. It is expected that ground subsidence factors examined in this study will contribute for the reliable evaluation of the ground subsidence risk.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.128-135
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• 2020

When high waves and storm surge strike simultaneously, the characteristics of the fluid field change drastically from overtopping according to the wave runup height to overflow through a transition state that combines overtopping and overflows. However, an estimation model or evaluation method has not yet been established because there is not enough engineering data. This study developed a wave overtopping-overflow transition model based on a full-scale experiment involving wave overtopping and overflow transition, which appropriately reproduced the effect of waves or the temporal change in inundation flow. Using this model to perform a calculation for the wave overtopping and overflow transition process under typical circumstances, this study determined the wave runup height and features of the inundation flow under time series changes as an example.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.13-23
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• 2011

In this study, Mike11 will be used as the numerical model where a data assimilation method will be applied to it. This paper aims to gain an insight and understanding of data assimilation in flood forecasting models. It will start with a general discussion of data assimilation, followed by a description of the methodology and discussion of the statistical error forecast model used, which in this case is the linear regression. This error forecast model is applied to the water level forecast simulated by MIKE11 to produced improved forecast and validated against real measurements. It is found that there exists a phase error in the improved forecasts. Hence, 2 general formula are used to account for this phase error and they have shown improvement to the accuracy of the forecasts, where one improved the immediate forecast of up to 5 hours while the other improved the estimation of the peak discharge.