• 정보화사회
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• s.76
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• pp.10-13
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• 1994

UR타결에 따른 시장개방은 세계교역질서에서 고립되기를 원치않는 한 피할수 없는 대세이다. 이에 UR타결에 따른 정보통신시장의 개방내용과 향후 대응방향을 제시한다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.90 no.3
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• pp.373-379
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• 2001

The objectives of this study were to assess implementation on tariff quotas and tariff cuts committed in the WTO as result of Uruguay Round(UR) negotiations and to examine impacts of reductions in agricultural protection agreed in the UR on major non-timber forest products markets. The implementation of WTO Agreement on Agriculture was analysed based on the relevant data and statistics. The impacts of implementation on tariff cuts and tariff quotas on non-timber forest products markets were estimated by using supply and demand elasticities from previous studies and data on production, consumption and trade after UR. The quantities of Chestnut, Pine nut and Jujube imported by the system of tariff quota did not exceed the committed quotas over the five years from 1995 to 1999. The current level of applied rates on imports of non-timber products is much lower than that of bound rates, which will be maintained until the year 2004. It is estimated that increase in imports after UR reduced prices and that reduction in prices led to decrease in expenditure and to increase in consumer surplus. It is estimated, however, that production level significantly decreased due to rise in imports and that the negative effects on production exceeded positive effects on consumption. Exports of most non-timber forest products decreased after UR even though non-timber forest products could gain access to the export markets at the lower tariffs as a result of UR.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.39-45
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• 2019

Recently, Cognitive radio (CR) has been focused for the effective utilization of the limited spectrum. Since an overlay CR system shares the given spectrum with the unlicensed system simultaneously, its spectral efficiency is high. However, most of the studies on an overlay CR system have been focused on the performance enhancement of the licensed receiver (LR). Correspondingly, the performance of the unlicensed receiver (UR) is degraded. Therefore, we propose an overlay CR NOMA system to improve the performance both of the LR and UR, which has a selected relay for the UR and adjusts the power allocation for the LR. The analytical performance of the proposed system is derived and verified the results through simulation. It is noticed that the UR can be obtained signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gains by the selected relay, consequently, the system performance can be improved. Also, we show that the performance of the proposed system can be controlled by the number of the relays as well as the power allocation ratio. The results reveal that the required performance of the system can be satisfied with the use of the selected relay under the limited transmit power.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.307-321
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• 2018

Fish fauna and lentic ecosystem health assessment in freshwater were analyzed in the two reservoirs (Uirim Reservoir(Ur) and Solbangjuk Reservoir(Sr)) of the Jecheon City during May-September 2017. Total numbers of the species and genus (7 family) sampled were 21 and 16, respectively. Cyprinidae was most dominant taxa, which accounted for 11 species (52.4%) of the total species, and the relative abundance, based on the number of individuals, was 318 individuals (46.2%). Subdominant families were taxa of Centrachidae (2 species; 264 ind. (38.4%). The dominant species, based on the relative abundance, were Squalidus chankaensistsuchigae(22.7%). Subdominant species were Lepomis macrochirus(19.5%, 134 ind.) and Micropterus salmoides(18.9%, 134 ind.). Trophic state index of Korea ($TSI_{KO}$), based on chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorus (TP) and chlorophyll-a (CHL),ranged mesotrophic state. The purpose of this study was to apply a multi-metric model of Lentic Ecosystem Health Assessments (LEHA) for environmental impact assessments of two reservoirs and assessed the ecological health model values. Trophic composition's metrics showed that tolerant species (56.8%, 98.3%) and omnivore species (43.9%, 65.6%) dominated the fish fauna in the two reservoirs (Ur and Sr) of Jecheon City, indicating a biological degradation in the aquatic ecosystem. The relative proportions of Micropterus salmoides, also showed greater than 16.3% (Ur), 31.1% (Sr) of the total, indicating a ecological disturbance. The average value of LEHA model was 22 (Ur) and 12 (Sr) in the reservoirs, indicating a "poor condition (Ur)" and "very poor condition (Sr)" by the criteria of MOE (2014).

• Review of KIISC
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.51-54
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• 2023

국제해사기구(IMO)는 2017년 해사안전위원회(Maritime Safety Committee, MSC)에서 안전관리시스템으로의 해상 사이버 리스크 관리 결의하였다. 또한 국제선급협회(IACS)는 선박 사이버 사고가 인명, 재산 및 환경에 심각한 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 인식하여, 사이버 이슈를 체계적으로 논의하기 위한 사이버시스템 패널을 2016년 신설하였다. IACS 는 2022년 4월, 신조선 사이버보안 통합 요구사항(UR E26) 및 기자재 시스템 사이버보안 통합 요구사항(UR E27)을 배포하였다. 이 규정은 2024년 건조 계약을 체결한 신조선에 강제 적용될 예정이다. 본 논문에서는 신조선에 대한 리스크 기반 사이버 설계보안 접근 방식을 제안한다.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.31 no.4 s.54
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• pp.343-347
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• 2005

As aging occurs, ow skin gets more wrinkles, becomes drier and loses its elasticity. Validating the evaluation of skin elasticity is especially important, because it is not as visible as other signs of aging such as wrinkles. Here, we identified the correlation between age and the Parameters given by Cutometer, and (we present) the parameters of that reflect the decreases in skin elasticity along with ages (Ur/Uf, Ua/Uf, Ur/Ue, Ua, $r=0.687{\sim}0.725$). Also we developed an evaluation method to quantify the difference of skin by viewing or touching. A five-grade standard of Moire topographic photo scale on face was prepared using sensory evaluation of 20 to 61 year - old women. Based on this photo standard, scoring was performed using (a) 5-grade system by three specialists to obtain the consensus score. Significant negative correlations between age and results of Cutometer $(r=-0.687{\sim}-0.725)$, Moire topography scores (r=-938) were found. Finally we have shown the significance of the correlation between the result of Cutometer and the score of Moire topography (r=0.711). Our studies using Moire topography on face have confirmed that instrumental measurements reflect the decrease in shin elasticity, which is perceived visually.

• The Korean Publising Journal, Monthly
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• s.148
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• pp.16-17
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• 1994

• 어항어장
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• s.27
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• pp.56-59
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• 1994

최근 UR협정의 타결로 우리나라의 수산업은 새로운 전환점을 맞고 있다. 영세하고 마구잡이식의 원시적인 어업은 스스로 도태될 수 밖에 없고, 경쟁력이 있는 것만이 생존할 수 밖에 없게 되었다. 즉 자원절약적이고 비환경파괴적인 수산업의 중요성이 강조되고 있는 것이다.

• Product Safety
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• s.35
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• pp.45-54
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• 1995

제2의 UR. 그린라운드(Green Round)가 밀려온다. GR에서 합의된 엄격한 환경기준을 지키지 않을 경우 우리 경제와 기업의 앞길이 어두워질 수 밖에 없다. 선진국 주도의 환경규제 움직임에 우리나라에서도 현실로 다가오고 있는 GR을 추진배경에서부터 대응전략까지 알아보았다.

• 정보화사회
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• s.85
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• pp.38-44
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• 1994

'93. 12월 WTO의 보조금/상계관세 협정체결로 산업지원제도 전반에 대한 재검토와 효율적 개편이 요구됨에 따라 체신부는 국내 정보통신 사업이 WTO체계하에서도 지속적으로 국제경쟁력을 확보해 나갈 수 있는 합리적 산업지원 방안을 강구하고자 정보통신산업 지원정책 개편방향을 마련했다.