• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.34-43
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• 2007

As a method to improve the poor torque capacity on the continuously variable transmission(CVT), power splitted devices(PSD) reducing the power entering into the transmission has been considered. But this kind of PSD requires for the variator to be a large coverage of the speed ratio (CSR) Since the CSRs of the well-known push belt or the toroidal ones are not enough large, the power splitted CVTs (PSCVTs) using them should be made with multiple modes. inevitably adding the do9 clutches and the associated accessories. In this paper a PSCVT with single mode is conceptually designed A new continuously variable unit (CVU) consisting of the paired inner and outer spherical rotors is used. The CVU has large CSR and excellent compactness. As a PSD. a variable bridge (VB) using the Planetary gear units (PGUs) is considered because it has an upper bound on the power ratio. An optimal design to minimize the effective efficiency of the PSCVT is carried out. Through the performance analysis on the designed model, good expectation on the practicability in the heavy vehicle system is shown.

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.375-396
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• 2009

In the present work, the elasto-viscoplastic behavior, interactions between grains, and the texture evolution in polycrystalline materials subjected to finite deformations are modeled using a multiscale analysis procedure within a finite element framework. Computational homogenization is used to relate the grain (meso) scale to the macroscale. Specifically, a polycrystal is modeled by a material representative volume element (RVE) consisting of an aggregate of grains, and a periodic distribution of such unit cells is considered to describe material behavior locally on the macroscale. The elastic behavior is defined by a hyperelastic potential, and the viscoplastic response is modeled by a simple power law complemented by a work hardening equation. The finite element framework is based on a Lagrangian formulation, where a kinematic split of the deformation gradient into volume preserving and volumetric parts together with a three-field form of the Hu-Washizu variational principle is adopted to create a stable finite element method. Examples involving simple deformations of an aluminum alloy are modeled to predict inhomogeneous fields on the grain scale, and the macroscopic effective stress-strain curve and texture evolution are compared to those obtained using both upper and lower bound models.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.3635-3654
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• 2015

With the rapid development of smart devices and mobile Internet, the video application plays an increasingly important role on mobile devices. Understanding user behavior patterns is critical for optimized operation of mobile live streaming systems. On the other hand, volume based billing models on cloud services make it easier for video service providers to scale their services as well as to reduce the waste from oversized service capacities. In this paper, the watching behaviors of a commercial mobile live streaming system are studied in a content-centric manner. Our analysis captures the intrinsic correlation existing between popularity and watching intensity of programs due to the synchronized watching behaviors with program schedule. The watching pattern is further used to estimate traffic volume generated by the program, which is useful on data volume capacity reservation and billing strategy selection in cloud services. The traffic range of programs is estimated based on a naive popularity prediction. In cross validation, the traffic ranges of around 94% of programs are successfully estimated. In high popularity programs (>20000 viewers), the overestimated traffic is less than 15% of real happened traffic when using upper bound to estimate program traffic.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.846-864
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• 2017

Software Defined Network (SDN) realizes management and control over the underlying forwarding device, along with acquisition and analysis of network topology and flow characters through south bridge protocol. Data path Identification (DPID) is the unique identity for managing the underlying device, so forged DPID can be used to attack the link of underlying forwarding devices, as well as carry out DoS over the upper-level controller. This paper proposes a dynamic defense method based on Client-Puzzle model, in which the controller achieves dynamic management over requests from forwarding devices through generating questions with multi-level difficulty. This method can rapidly reduce network load, and at the same time separate attack flow from legal flow, enabling the controller to provide continuous service for legal visit. We conduct experiments on open-source SDN controllers like Fluid and Ryu, the result of which verifies feasibility of this defense method. The experimental result also shows that when cost of controller and forwarding device increases by about 2%-5%, the cost of attacker's CPU increases by near 90%, which greatly raises the attack difficulty for attackers.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.1230-1242
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• 2007

This paper describes an IIR/FIR fusion filter for a nonlinear system, and analyzes the stability of the fusion filter. The fusion filter is applied to INS/GPS integrated system, and the performance is verified by simulation and experiment. In the fusion filter, an IIR-type filter (SPKF) and FIR-type filter (MRHKF filter) are processed independently, then the two filters are merged using the mixing probability calculated using the residuals and residual covariance information of the two filters. The merits of the SPKF and the MRHKF filter are embossed and the demerits of the filters are diminished via the filter fusion. Consequently, the proposed fusion filter has robustness against to model uncertainty, temporary disturbing noise, large initial estimation error, etc. The stability of the fusion filter is verified by showing the closeness of the states of the two sub filters in the mixing/redistribution process and the upper bound of the error covariance matrices. This fusion filter is applied into INS/GPS integrated system, and important factors for filter processing are presented. The performance of the INS/GPS integrated system designed using the fusion filter is verified by simulation under various error environments and is confirmed by experiment.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

This paper presents a method for obtaining an exact average symbol error rate (ASER) of M-ary Phase Shift Keying (MPSK) for opportunistic amplify-and-forward (OAF) relay systems over Rayleigh fading channels. This is based on the relay selection probability when a relay is selected as the best one with respect to the received signal-to-noise ratio. We then derive the modified moment generating function (MGF) for OAF relay systems by taking the given relay selection probability into consideration. Based on the modified MGF, we derive the exact ASER which accurately explicates OAF relay system characteristics. Our results confirm that the derived ASER provides a tight upper bound for OAF relay systems.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.337-344
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• 1989

The upper bound elemental technique (UBET) is used to simulate the bulk flow characteristics in axisymmetric closed die forging process. Internal flow inside the cavity is predicted using a kinematically admissible velocity field that minimizes the rate of energy consumption. Application of the technique includes an assessment of the formation of flash and of degree of filling in rib-web type cavity using billets with various aspect rations. The technique considering bulging effect is performed in an incremental manner. The results of simulation show how it can be used for the prediction of forging load, metal flow, and free surface profile. The experiments are carried out with plasticine. There are good agreements in forging load and material flow in cavity between the simulation and experiment. The developed program using UBET can be effectively applied to the various forging problems.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.4957-4976
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• 2016

This paper investigates the error performance of the amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying systems in the context of full-duplex (FD) communication. In addition to the inherent self-interference (SI) due to simultaneous transmission and reception, coexistent FD terminals may cause crosstalk. In this paper, we utilize the information exchange via the crosstalk channel to construct a particular distributed space-time code (DSTC). The residual SI is also considered. Closed-form pairwise error probability (PEP) is first derived. Then we obtain the upper bound of PEP in high transmit power region to provide more insights of diversity and coding gain. The proposed DSTC scheme can attain full cooperative diversity if the variance of SI is not a function of the transmit power. The coding gain can be improved by lengthening the frame and proper power control. Feasibility and efficiency of the proposed DSTC are verified in numerical simulations.

• Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.3-14
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• 1982

In this paper, the sway added mass of a rectangular cylinder in a restricted water is considered by applying Hamilton's principle as the frequency tends to zero. The present method is an extension of Isshiki's method proposed in 1978. In the present method, it is assumed that the fluid velocity distribution in each subdomain of the fluid can be represented by higher order polynomials while Isshiki assumed linear velocity distribution. The fluid flow is assumed as a rotational motion in the present analysis. However, the results obtained from the present method show good agreement with Bai's numerical results for the case of large clearances between a canal wall and a cylinder. From Kelvin's minimum energy theorem, we can see that the value of sway added mass obtained from the present method approaches the upper bound. The approximate formula obtained in the present study takes a simple form which consists of the dimensions of the canal and the cylinder. The present formulae are derived for the cases of a rectangular cylinder swaying at the center of a narrow or wide canal relative to a cylinder, at off-center location in a canal, and in the restricted water with a single wall. From the results of numerical calculation, it is concluded that the sway added mass in restricted waters is more affected by water depth than clearance between a wall and a cylinder.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.88 no.5
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• pp.493-500
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• 2023

The multiparameter eigenvalue method can be used to solve the damped finite element model updating problems. This method transforms the original problems into multiparameter eigenvalue problems. Comparing with the numerical methods based on various optimization methods, a big advantage of this method is that it can provide all possible choices of physical parameters. However, when solving the transformed singular multiparameter eigenvalue problem, the proposed method based on the generalised inverse of a singular matrix has some computational challenges and may fail. In this paper, more details on the transformation from the dynamic model updating problem to the multiparameter eigenvalue problem are presented and the structure of the transformed problem is also exposed. Based on this structure, the rigorous mathematical deduction gives the upper bound of the number of possible choices of the physical parameters, which confirms the singularity of the transformed multiparameter eigenvalue problem. More importantly, we present a row and column compression method to overcome the defect of the proposed numerical method based on the generalised inverse of a singular matrix. Also, two numerical experiments are presented to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of our method.