• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.36-60
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• 2021

This study aimed to provide basic data for establishing a sizing system for menswear by investigating body size changes and body shapes in adult men in their 30s to 50s. Data on 52 different upper body categories collected from 4,314 people during the 5-7th Size Korea surveys were analyzed. The waist height, hip height, torso and arm lengths, and torso and upper limb circumferences increased while the arm joint sizes decreased. According to factor analysis, factors 1 and 2 referred to 'the horizontal size of the upper body and limbs' and the 'torso height and upper limb length', respectively, while factors 3 and 4 represented 'shoulder size' and 'upper body length' respectively. In clustering analysis, types 1 and 2 were 'short and fat' and 'tall and thin,' respectively, while types 3 and 4 represented 'tallest and chubby' and 'shortest and small' respectively. Torso length increased in the 30 to 40s in type 1 while torso circumference increased in the 30s and late 40s in type 2. In type 3, shoulders got bigger in the 30s. In type 4, torso circumference increased in the early 30s, and torso length increased in the late 40s. 'Thin' was a typical body shape in the early 30s. Among early 40s men, distribution evolved from 'small' to 'thin.' In the late 40s, while the percentage of 'small' decreased, the ratio of 'obese' increased. In the 50s, 'small' was the most common.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.115-120
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• 2019

Hemiplegic patients who suffered from a stroke struggle with a deterioration in upper limb functions, which can both be psychologically and physically discomforting; this can also limit patients' daily tasks involving any upper limb motions. In this study, we developed an assistive device for hemiplegic patients to improve their upper limb functions. It was manufactured to train patients by using their grip strength and the range of motion of the arm. Furthermore, we produced game contents in virtual reality to induce users' immersion and interaction. It was configured as a multi-player game to help ease the mental burden of receiving the training alone, hence allowing the patient and the caregiver to join the rehabilitation training simultaneously. The assistive device and game contents developed in this study enables patients and caregivers to easily check the degree of improvements in upper limb function by viewing quantitative analysis and visualized results.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.207-216
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to biomechanical analysis Judo's Kuzushi throwing motion in order to increase the effectiveness of Nage-waja(throwing technique). The Tori was a Judo player with 18 years experience(4th degree) while the Uke was a player with 2 years experience(1st degree). The kinematic data was captured using the Vicon motion system (7 cameras) and the kinetics were recorded by force plates(2 AMTI). The following were the results; While leaning to the front the subject's trunk's angle was $14.5^{\circ}$, the lower limbs angle was $23.8^{\circ}$, knee angle was $179.6^{\circ}$ and the vertical reaction of the left leg was 325.42N(BW 0.34) and the right leg was 233.7N(BW 0.47). While leaning back the subject's trunk's angle was $11.3^{\circ}$, the lower limbs angle was $4.1^{\circ}$, knee angle was $1761^{\circ}$ and the vertical reaction of the left leg was 299.53N(BW 0.43) and the right leg was 441.7N(BW 0.64). While leaning to the left the subject's trunk's angle was $30.8^{\circ}$, the lower limbs angle was $2.7^{\circ}$, knee angle was $175.2^{\circ}$ and the vertical reaction of the left leg was 711N(BW 1.03) and the right leg was 9.2N(BW 0.01). While leaning to the right the subject's trunk's angle was $36.5^{\circ}$, the lower limbs angle was $10.4^{\circ}$, knee angle was $175.2^{\circ}$ and the vertical reaction of the left leg was 13.2N(BW 0.02) and the right leg was 694.7N(BW 1.01). While leaning to the left front corner the subject's trunk's angle was $19.8^{\circ}$ (front) and $15.1^{\circ}$ (left), the lower limbs angle was $17.8^{\circ}$ (front) and $2.4^{\circ}$ (left), knee angle was $177.8^{\circ}$ (front) and $173.9^{\circ}$(left), and the vertical reaction of the left leg was 547.4N(BW 0.8) and the right leg was 117.8N(BW 0.17). While leaning to the right front corner the subject's trunk's angle was $15.4^{\circ}$ (front) and $17.7^{\circ}$ (right), the lower limbs angle was $21.1^{\circ}$, (front) and $5.7^{\circ}$ (right), knee angle was $175.5^{\circ}$ (front) and $178.9^{\circ}$(right), and the vertical reaction of the left leg was 53N(BW 0.08) and the right leg was 622.4N(BW 09). While leaning to the left rear corner the subject's trunk's angle was $9.2^{\circ}$ (back) and $13.8^{\circ}$ (left), the lower limbs angle was $2^{\circ}$, (back) and $5.7^{\circ}$ (left), knee angle was $175.5^{\circ}$ (back) and $172.8^{\circ}$(left), and the vertical reaction of the left leg was 698.2N(BW 1.02) and the right leg was 49.6N(BW 0.07). While leaning to the right rear corner the subject's trunk's angle was $8.9^{\circ}$ (back) and $19.6^{\circ}$ (right), the lower limbs angle was ${0.6^{\circ}}_"$ (back) and $3.1^{\circ}$ (right), knee angle was $174.6^{\circ}$ (back) and $175.6^{\circ}$(right), and the vertical reaction of the left leg was 7.2N(BW 0.01) and the right leg was 749.4N(BW 1.09). It was observed that during the Judo motion Kuzushii the range of the COM varied from $26.5{\sim}39.9cm$. It was concluded that the upper body leaned further than the lower body as there was knee extension. There was high left leg reaction forces while leaning to the left and likewise for the right side. It was therefore deduced that the Kuzushi was a more effective throwing technique for the left side.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.143-148
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• 2016

Objective: This study aimed to quantify one of the useful upper extremity movements to evaluate motor control abilities between the groups of people with mild and moderate arm impairments performing a door handling task. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Twenty-one healthy participants and twenty-one persons with chronic stroke (9 mild stroke and 12 moderate stroke) were recruited for this study. Stroke participants were divided into 2 groups based on Fugle-Meyer Assessment scores of 58-65 (mild arm) and 38-57 (moderate arm). All they performed door handling task including the pronation and supination phases 3 times. We measured some movement factors which were reaction time, movement time, hand of peak velocity, hand of movement units to perform door handling task using the three-dimensional motion analysis. Results: The majority of kinematic variables showed significant differences among study groups (p<0.05). The reaction time, total and phase of movement time, hand of peak velocity, the number of movement units discriminated between healthy participants and persons with moderate upper limb stroke (p<0.05). In addition, reaction time, total and phase of movement time, the number of movement units discriminated between those with moderate and mild upper limbs of stroke patients (p<0.05). Conclusions: Three-dimensional kinematic motion analysis in this study was a useful tool for assessing the upper extremity function in different subgroups of people with stroke during the door handling task. These kinematic variables may help clinicians understand the arm movements in door handling task and consist of discriminative therapeutic interventions for stroke patients on upper extremity rehabilitation.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.281-292
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• 2011

In this study, for examining an effect of lower limbs' muscle activity on balance capability when applying sprinter pattern among the PNF, the experiment was conducted as followed. Under the object of 24 people diagnosed by hemiplegia, they were divided into control group and experimental group and the experiment was conducted on the experimental group, three times per a week for six weeks. Experimental group received Sprinter pattern of combined PNF upper extremity and lower extremity pattern. For the lower limbs' muscle activity, effective values of Vastus medialis laterails, medial lateral hamstrings, lateral gastrocnemius' action potential were analyzed. The balance ability tests was conducted with FICSIT-4, FSST and MTD-Balance system. For the significance test of control group and experimental group for measuring time by exercise application method, two-way repeated measure ANOVA was conducted and for the significance test among the groups by each measuring time, independent t-test was conducted. Also, for examining the correlation among the measuring item, pearson correlation was used for the analysis. As the result, the application of sprinter pattern increased muscle activity of lower limbs in paretic side and improve static and dynamic balance ability effectively. Therefore, it will be necessary to develop new intervention by combining active application of the therapeutic intervention program for lower limbs' effective muscle mobilizing in paretic side with various exercising patterns.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.405-410
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to compare the differences in kinematic variables and grip forces among professionals(PG), amateurs(AG), and novice group(NG) during golf putting. The participants consisted of 3 groups based on their playing ability: 8 professional golfers (handicap<5), 8 amateurs (handicap<18) and 8 novice. Each subject attempted 2.1m putts from the hole. 3D motion analysis system(Motion analysis Corp., USA) with 6 high speed cameras and grip force measurement system(Kim et al., 2007) were used to acquired kinematic and force data, respectively. To compare differences among groups, joint angles of upper limbs, trajectory and smoothness by jerk cost function(JC) of putter head and grip forces were used in this study. Results showed that there were significant differences among groups in most of variables such as joint angles, trajectory & smoothness of putter head, and distribution of grip force in both hands. In brief, we confirmed that putting stroke in PG was more accurate and smooth than that in other groups, especially NG, due to their well-controlled upper limbs and keeping grip forces constant in both hands. It can be concluded that due to skilled levels, fundamental differences of putting movement could be identified and these differences might be helpful for improving one's putting skills.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.311-322
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• 2014

This study was conducted to assess the impact of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) on health related quality of life (QoL) in the firefighter under the recent IT environment. The data were collected by face to face interview using a structured questionnaire in the 366 respondents. WMSDs symptoms were measured by a self-assessed questionnaire on symptom table of NIOSH and health-related QoL was measured by SF-36. The prevalence of WMSDs was 38.0% in upper limbs, 35.5% in the low back, 21.6% in lower limbs, and 59.3% in two or more parts of the body. Subjects with symptoms of WMSDs had significantly lower scores in 7 dimensions of QoL except 'emotional role limitation' than those without symptoms of WMSDs at the area of upper extremities (neck, shoulder, arm/wrist, and hand/wrist/fingers). On the other hand, subjects with symptoms of WMSDs had significantly lower scores on all QoL dimensions than those without symptoms of WMSDs at the area of lower back or lower extremities. These results suggest that WMSDs had a negative effect on QoL. Therefore, prevention of WMSDs should be considered intervention strategies for improvement of QoL, especially in firefighters.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.95-101
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the convergence effect of focal vibration stimulation and bilateral upper limb training on the recovery of upper limb function when applied to stroke patients. For 20 stroke patients, divided into an experimental group that performed convergence intervention with focal vibration stimulation and bilateral upper limb training, and a control group who performed only bilateral upper limb training. It was conducted 20 times for 4 weeks, 30 minutes per session. Vibration stimulation was applied to the affected side of the experimental group for 30 minutes during training. Results were measured for the degree of recovery of the affected upper limb function, amount of use on the affected and unaffected sides, the quality and satisfaction in performance on use of both upper limbs. Comparisons were made within groups using a paired-sample t-test and between groups using covariance analysis. As a result of the study, the experimental group showed a significant difference in dexterity and the amount of use on the affected than the control group. The effect size was more than the small effect size in all evaluation items. Through this study, it is thought that the convergence intervention of focal vibration stimulation and bilateral upper limb trainingcan be used clinically as an effective intervention for the recovery of arm function in stroke patients.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.940-958
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to analyze the kinematic and kinetic characteristics of two horticultural activities: seed sowing and planting plant. Thirty-one male university students (aged $26.2{\pm}2.0years$) participated in this study. Kinematic factors (movement times, peak velocity, joint angles, and grasp patterns) were assessed using a three-dimensional motion analysis system while the subjects performed the horticultural activities. Kinetic factors (muscle activation of eight upper-limb muscles: the anterior deltoid, serratus anterior, upper trapezius, infraspinatus, latissimus dorsi, biceps brachii, brachioradialis, and flexor carpi radialis) were assessed using surface electromyography. The acts of seed sowing and planting plant were comprised of five tasks which included six types of phases: reaching, grasping, back transporting, forward transporting, watering, and releasing. The movement times, peak velocity, joint angles, and grasp patterns were significantly different across the tasks involved in the horticultural activities. All eight muscles of the upper limbs were utilized during the horticultural activities, and the muscle activation of the serratus anterior was the highest compared to that of the other muscles tested. The kinematic and kinetic characteristics of these horticultural activities showed similar characteristics to reaching and grasping rehabilitation training and daily living activities. The present study provides reference data for common horticultural activities using a kinematic and kinetic analysis.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.69-72
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• 2011

Purpose: Myositis ossificans is a benign condition of heterotopic bone formation that still requires more of its pathologic explanation. The lesions are localized predominantly to the high-risk sites of injury, involving flexor muscles of the upper limbs and thigh, but rarely in the head and neck area. Methods: A case of a 44-year-old male patient presented with a palpable hard mass on nasal dorsum. The patient experienced a similar lesion on upper limb few years ago. On computed tomographic image, the lesion presented focal definite increase in opacity compatible to adjacent bone densitiy on nasal dorsum. Results: The lesion was excised under open rhinoplasty incision. The pathologic report revealed focal bone formation and calcification within skeletal muscle. Conclusion: We describe a unique and only case of a myositis ossificans on nasal dorsum which is indifferent from previous concept.