• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.280-285
• /
• 1984

Although it is suspected that the foreign body sensation on the pharyngoesophageal region is caused by motility disturbance of upper esophageal sphincter, its pathophysiology is not yet clear. Esophageal manometry has become an important diagnostic tool in the evaluation of esophageal motor disorders such as dysfunction of upper esophageal sphincter. Intraluminal esophageal pressures were measured by perfusion manometry in fifteen patients with foreign body sensation on the pharyngoesophageal region and in twenty six controls. In upper esophageal sphincter, mean value of resting pressure of the patients by rapid pull-through technique was 45,9\ulcorner 15.6mmHg and 80.9\ulcorner9.7mmHg in the controls. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant. The distance from nostril to sphincter, length of sphincter, and resting pressure by station pull-through technique were not significantly different. The amplitude of esophageal peristalsis in the patients was reduced significantly at the level of the upper, mid and lower esophagus. The wave duration of the patients was reduced significantly at the level the upper and mid esophagus. The speed showed no difference between two groups. Length and resting pressure of lower esophageal sphincter revealed almost same values in two groups.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.303-308
• /
• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to define the change of lumbar asymmetry multifidus muscles when upper extremity PNF pattern. Methods : For this research, twenty-nine asymptomatic participants were voluntary attended. Under the identical conditions, Multifidus muscles were measured standing position and on L4,L5 vertebral level by MyLabOne (ESAOTE, Netherland with a 3.5MHz covex array transducer). The upper extrimity PNF pattern used to activate the multifidus ipsilateral and cotralateral. Results : Results of analysis showed that at the L4, L5 vertebral level, healthy asymtomativ subjects had asymmetry multifidus muscles size. The depth of the multifidus muscles were significantly increased at contralateral upper extrimity PNF pattern, but no significant differences were comparison ipsilateral with contralateral. Conclusion : The multifidus muscle in asymptomatic subjects clinical significance asymmetry. Contralateral upper extrimity PNF pattern seems to be the most suitable exercise for strenthen the smaller size of the multifidus. This study will be used as a prevention method of LBP.

• Research in Mathematical Education
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.21-39
• /
• 1998

The article examines four activities whereby the human face of geometry may be promoted in mathematical teaching at the upper secondary level. The activities deal with the historical, epistemological, structural and applicative issues of geometric knowledge.

• International Journal of Contents
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.59-63
• /
• 2011

The aim of our study was to evaluate the immediate effects of an 830-nm Aluminium gallium arsenide (GaAlAs) laser, by examining the changes, in pressure-pain threshold (PPT) and tenderness at 3 kg of the myofascial trigger point (MTrP) of the upper trapezius muscle in visual display terminal (VDT) workers in comparison with placebo treatment. Thirty VDT workers (13 males, 17 females) with complaints of upper trapezius muscle were recruited. All participants were given either active GaAlAs laser (830 nm wavelength, 450 mW, 9 J at point) or placebo GaAlAs laser, according to the double-blinded and placebo-controlled trial. Both active and placebo low-level laser therapy (LLLT) treatments showed no significant effect on PPT and tenderness at 3 kg. These results suggest that a higher dosage may be necessary to produce immediate effects when applying LLLT to the MTrP of relatively large muscles such as the upper trapezius muscle.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences
• /
• v.54 no.4
• /
• pp.575-585
• /
• 2018

In the case study of this paper, sensitivity experiments are carried out using the mesoscale non-hydrostatic Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to investigate the impact of tropical cyclone (TC) Soudelor (2003) on the East Asian subtropical upper-level jet (EASJ) before TC Soudelor transformed into an extratropical cyclone. The physical mechanism for changes in the EASJ intensity and position caused by TC Soudelor is explored. Results indicate that TC Soudelor would warm the air in the middle and upper troposphere over the Japan Sea and the adjacent areas through stimulating northward propagating teleconnection pattern as well as releasing large amounts of latent heat, which led to increase (decrease) the meridional air temperature gradient to the south (north) below the EASJ axis. As a result, the geopotential height abnormally increased in the upper troposphere, resulting in an anomalous anticyclonic circulation belt along the EASJ axis. Correspondingly, the westerly winds to the north (south) of the EASJ axis intensified (weakened) and the EASJ axis shifted northward by one degree. The case study also suggests that before the extratropical cyclone transition of TC Soudelor, the TC activities had exerted significant impacts on the EASJ through thermodynamic processes.

• International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics Korean Journal of Geophysical Research
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.15-29
• /
• 1998

The numerical simulation of heavy precipitation event occurred in the central Korean Peninsula on July 26-28, 1996 was performed using the fine mesh model. ARPS (Advanced Regional Prediction System) developed by the CAPS (Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms). Usually, the heavy rainfalls occurred at late July in the Korean Peninsula were difficult to predict, and showed very strong rainfall intensity. As results, they caused a great loss of life and property. As it usual, this case was unsuccessful to predict the location of rain band and the precipitation intensity with the coarse-mesh model. The same case was, however, simulated well with fine-mesh storm-scale model, ARPS. Moisture band at 850 hPa appeared along the Changma Front in the area of China through central Korea passed Yellow Sea. Also the low-level jet at 700 hPa existed in the Yellow Sea through central Korea and they together offered favorable condition to induce heavy rainfall in that area. The convective activities developed to a meso-scale convective system were observed at near the Yangtze River and moved to the central Korean Peninsula. Furthermore, the intrusion of warm and moist air, origninated from typhoon, into the Asia Continent might result in heavy rainfall formation through redistribution of moisture and heat. In the vertical circulation, the heavy rainfall was formed between the upper- and low-level jets, especially, the entrance region of the upper-level jet above the exit the region of the low-level jet. The low level convergence, the upper level divergence and the strong vertical wind were organized to the very north of the low level jet and concentrated on tens to hundreds km horizontal distance. These result represent the upper- and low-level jets are one of the most important reasons on the formation of heavy precipitation.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2011

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of massage, stretching exercise, and scapular stabilization exercise in patients with upper trapezius myofascial pain syndrome (MPS). Methods: Twenty-three female patients with upper trapezius MPS were randomly allocated to three groups: massage, stretching exercise, and scapular stability exercise groups. Therapeutic intervention for all groups included general therapy such as hot pack, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and ultrasound. Patients in the massage group (n=8), stretching group (n=7), and stabilization exercise group (n=8) received their respective therapy program after general therapy for 15 minutes. Therapeutic intervention for each group was performed three times per week for six weeks. All groups were tested four times: prior to the test, at three weeks, at six weeks, and at nine weeks. Results: Pain levels decreased significantly in the stretching and stabilization exercise groups over time (p<.05). The rate of change in pain level was significantly different among all groups (p<.01), and the stability exercise group experienced the lowest pain level. Pressure-pain level increased significantly in the stabilization exercise group over time (p<.05). The rate of change in pressure-pain level was significantly different among all groups (p<.01), and the stability exercise group had the highest pressure-pain level. The level of upper-extremity stability increased significantly in the stability exercise group over time (p<.05). The rate of change in the upper-extremity stabilization level was significantly different among all groups (p<.01), and the stability exercise group had the highest upper-extremity stability level. Conclusions: Scapular stabilization exercises proved to be the most effective therapy for MPS patients.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.72-78
• /
• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate relations and effectiveness about mountain climbling exercise with different level of support surfaces by analyzing heart rate and EMG data. A total of 10 male college students with no musculoskeltal disorder were recruited for this study. Method: The biomechanical analysis was performed using heart rate monitor (Polar V800, Polar Electro Oy, Finland), step-box, exercise mat, and EMG device (QEMG8, Laxtha Inc. Korea, sampling frequency = 1,024 Hz, gain = 1,000, input impedance > 1012 Ω, CMRR > 100 dB). In this research, step-box were used to create different surface levels on the upper body (flat surface, 10% of subject's height, 20% of subject's height, and 30% of subject's hight). Based on these different conditions, data was collected by performing mountain climbing exercise during 30 seconds. Subjects were given 5 minutes of break to prevent muscular fatigue after each exercise. For each dependent variable, a one-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was conducted to find significant differences and Bonferroni post-hoc test was performed. Results: The results of this study showed that exercise intensity was reduced statistically as increased surface level on the upper body. Muscle activity of the upper rectus abdominis and biceps femoris for 30% of surface level was significantly higher than the corresponding values for flat surface. However, the opposite was found in the rectus femoris. In general, muscle activity of the lower rectus abdominis, erector spinae, external oblique abdominis, and gluteus maximus increased when surface level increased, but the differences were not significant. Conclusion: As a result, the increase in surface level of the body would change muscle activity of the upper body, indicating that different surface level of the upper body may cause significant effect on particular muscles to be more active during mountain climbing exercise. Based on results of this study, it is suggested to set up an appropriate surface level to target particular muscle to expect an effective training. It is also important to set adequate surface levels to create an effective training condition for preventing exercise injuries.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.47 no.6
• /
• pp.1193-1203
• /
• 2023

This study aims to provide primary data regarding the thermal stress of disposable personal protective coveralls. Thermal stress and surface temperature measurements were taken among ten men wearing coveralls. The size of the ten men corresponds to a size eight in Size Korea. As a result of thermal stress, sensations of humidity and discomfort were higher when wearing Level C compared to Level D. Level D felt significant thermal stress in their upper body after exercise. However, they did not feel such stress in their lower body. Level C felt thermal stress in their upper and lower body after exercise. In addition, in Level C, the ratings of perceived exertion blood pressure and pulse rate after exercise were higher than those of Level D. Furthermore, the surface temperature of disposable personal protective coveralls among Level C was slightly higher than that of Level D.

• Human Ecology Research
• /
• v.53 no.6
• /
• pp.629-640
• /
• 2015

This study examined the effect of interparental conflict and parent-child conflict on overt aggression in upper elementary school students and investigates if children's father-child conflict or mother-child conflict mediated the effect of interparental conflict on overt aggression. The participants of this study were 532 of fifth to sixth graders from three elementary schools located in Seoul and Gyeong-gi province. Participants were asked to respond to a written questionnaire to measure research variables of the Peer Conflict Scale, the Conflict Tactics Scales, and the Conflict Behavior Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and hierarchical multiple regression. Mediating effects were examined using analysis procedures of Baron and Kenny. The major findings were as follows: first, the level of interparental conflict and parent-child conflict of both mothers and fathers in upper elementary school students increased the level of overt aggression. Second, parent-child conflict of both mothers and fathers in upper elementary school students partially mediated the relation between interparental conflict and overt aggression. Higher levels of interparental conflict resulted in higher levels of parent-child conflict, and the subsequently higher frequency of overt aggression in upper elementary school students.