• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.7-22
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• 2016

Objective : This study was conducted to review about instrument for bilateral upper extremity assessment. Methods : We searched published papers in Medline database. The keywords used in the search were 'upper extremity' and 'motor activity', 'activities of daily living' and 'assessment', 'instrument', 'disability evaluations'. In total of 68 papers, 44 assessment instruments was extracted. We analyzed about numbers, subjects, methods, reliability, validity, responsiveness of assessment instruments about bilateral upper limb function comparing unilateral, combined bilateral and unilateral instruments. Results : The numbers of bilateral measurement tool were 2 in a total of upper extremity measurement tools. Also, subjects were patients with stroke and measurement was based on performance. The reliability, validity and responsiveness of tools were high. Conclusions : Futher study will be needed to development and research about instrument of bilateral upper extremity.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.327-329
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• 1994

The Dirichlet problem (DP) on the upper half plane {z = x ＋ iy : y > 0} is to find a real-valued harmonic function u(x, y) satisfying u(x, 0) = g(x) almost everywhere for some reasonably nice function g defined on the real line, which is called the data on the boundary for (DP).(omitted)

• PNF and Movement
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2014

Purpose: Deficits in upper-extremity function in individuals with tetraplegia are primarily due to the loss of motor pathways. The purpose of this case report is to describe the effect of closed kinetic chain exercise using PNF on hand function and ADL of patient with incomplete spinal cord injure. Methods: Patient was a 53-year-old man with C4 tetraplegia and hand and upper extremity impairment who participated in this training intervention for 10 weeks. Results: Patient demonstrated improvements in upper extremity strength, hand function and performance of ADL. Outcome measures(ASIA motor scale, Hand power, Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function test, SCIM) were measured before and after the training program. Conclusion: The results of this case suggests that an closed kinetic chain exercise program in incomplete spinal cord injury patient may induce Hand function and ADL.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.119-135
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• 2020

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of bimanual intensive training on Upper Extremity Function and activities of daily living in stroke patients. Methods : The subjects were 18 patients who were diagnosed with hemiplegic stroke. They were randomly assigned to bimanual intensive training group (n=9) and unilateral intensive group (n=9). Bimanual training group performed bimanual task and unilateral training group performed one hand task for 1 hour per session, 5 times a week, for 4 weeks. Chi-square test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used for analysis. Results : The results showed that, upper extremity motor function and bimanual coordination were significantly improved in patients in the bimanual training group (p<.05). Additionally, the ratio of affected hand use and amount of use/quality of movement in the hemiplegic upper extremity in activities of daily living for patients in the bimanual training group were significantly improved (p<.05). Although the unilateral group improved motor upper extremity function and activities of daily living in the upper extremity (p<.05), it was not significantly different from that in the bimanual training group. In between-group comparison, bimanual coordination and ratio of the affected hand use in a day were significantly different (p<.05). Conclusion : It is reasonable to conclude that bimanual intensive training therapy is an effective intervention method to improve upper extremity motor function, and activities of daily living in stroke patients.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.7-18
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• 2019

Objective : This systematic review aimed to investigate the impact of transcranial direct current stimulation combined with constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) in patients with stroke Methods : PubMed and NDSL databases were employed to review literature published between January 2009 and December 2018. The main search terms were "Transcranial direct current stimulation" or "tDCS," "Constraint-induced movement therapy" or "CIMT," "Upper extremity function," "Upper limb," and "Stroke." Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 6 articles were selected. Furthermore, intervention effects on upper extremity function, activities of daily living, and cortical activity were assessed. Results : The current intensity, application time, and protocol of the CIMT varied the between studies. However, the intervention procedures to perform CIMT immediately after transcranial direct current stimulation was the same. Transcranial direct current stimulation combined with CIMT was effective in improving upper limb function and activities of daily living in patients with stoke and had a significant effect on cerebral cortex activation. Conclusions : This study provides information on transcranial direct current stimulation combined with CIMT for use by clinical therapists. Further studies are needed to standardize the stimulation time, current intensity, and electrode attachment position. Furthermore, randomized controlled trials, including long-term follow up, are needed for larger populations using the most appropriate CIMT protocol.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.33-45
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• 2014

Objective : We tested the effect of mirror treatment on patients with and without unilateral neglect over a period of 4 weeks. We also wanted to know the effect of mirror treatment with regards to improving upper extremity function and dealing with activities of daily living. Methods : Subjects were 10 hemiplegia patients with unilateral neglect and 10 hemiplegia patients without unilateral neglect. They visited the department of occupational therapy. We performed mirror treatment for 30 minutes, 5 times a week for 4 weeks. We used Albert Test to compare our results from before and after the treatment, Fugl-Meyer motor function Assessment(FMA) and Box & Block Test(BBT) for upper extremity function, and Functional Independence Measure(FIM) for activities of daily living. Results : The results showed that mirror treatment had an effect on stroke patients with unilateral neglect. The treatment also had an effect on upper extremity function and activities of daily living regardless of unilateral neglect. Conclusion : The mirror treatment showed improvements on upper extremity function and activities of daily life as well as a reduction in the unilateral neglect after a stroke. In conclusion, the mirror treatment is useful for recovering function and improvement and for helping the patients complete activities of daily living.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.23-33
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• 2023

Objective : The purpose of this study is was to find ouetermine whether training to applying vibration stimulation to the biceps brachii of children in the late stages of spasticity hemiplegic cerebral palsy can helps to improve the function of the upper extremity. Methods : This The study was conducted on with three children with cerebral palsy, all between the ages of 13 and 15 years. Among the experimental research methods of used with individual subjects, an AB research design using multiple basic baseline individual experimental studies was used, and vibration stimulation was provided to the paralyzed hand during the intervention period. The An evaluation was conducted before and after each session used to measure the function of the upper extremity using was conducted after each session of the Rapael Smart Board and The Jebsen-Tayler hand function test and the Motor Activity Log (MAL) were conducted before and after the experiment. Results : As a result of measuring the smooth The average score and total scores of for using the Rapael Smart Board to measure the upper extremity function in following each therapeutic session using the Rafale smart pegboard showed that, Subject 3 did not showevidenced a no significant change in the average value, and but Subjects 1 and 2 did showed a significant changes in their average values. All three subjects showed significant changes in the Jepson-Taylor hand function test and in the Motor Activity Log test, as evaluated before and after the intervention. Conclusion : Training The using use of vibration stimulation showed a positive effect on in improving upper limb function and exercise in hemiplegia hemiplegic children with who had little experience on using their hemiplegic side.

• 재활복지
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.161-174
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a task oriented circuit exercise in upper extremity function and self-efficacy in stroke patients. An experimental group of 14 patients was assigned to conduct a task oriented circuit exercise and the general task oriented exercise a control group of 14 patients was randomly assigned to exercise for 30 minutes 5 times every week during 4 weeks. Fugl-Meyer Assessment and Self-Efficacy Scale were evaluated to compare the upper extremity function and self-efficacy before and after the exercise. The result of this study were as follows : First, after the Task oriented circuit exercise, the upper extremity function and Self-Efficacy showed statistical significant difference between pre and post test. Second, after the general task oriented exercise, the upper extremity function showed statistical significant difference between pre and post test. But not much in Self-Efficacy. The comparison result between experimental group and control group in presented statistically significant differences where the upper extremity function. But, presented not statistically significant differences where Self-Efficacy Scale.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.149-157
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of BeHaS exercise program on the upper body function(muscle strength, muscle endurance, flexibility) in middle-aged women. Method: Middle-aged women were recruited in the community the study was conducted from August 2005 to December 2005. Twenty-two experimental subjects were selected from P area, eighteen control subjects were selected from A area. The experimental group carried out the program two times a week for 12 weeks. Muscle strength(grip strength, pinch strength), muscle endurance (push-up), flexibility were measured. Data were analyzed with $x^2$-test, t-test, and ANCOVA using SPSS WIN 11.5. Results: 1) Left grip strength and right pinch strength of the experimental group were significant differences after the BeHaS exercise program. 2)Muscle endurance of the experimental group(t=3.14, p=0.015) was significant difference after the BeHaS exercise program. 3) Left and right flexibility showed no significant differences after the BeHaS exercise program. Conclusion: The results suggest that BeHaS exercise program would partially improve upper body function of middle-aged women. Further studies are necessary in order to determine the effects of flexibility after BeHaS exercise program.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.655-667
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• 2011

A class of functions involving divided differences of the psi and tri-gamma functions and originating from Kershaw's double inequality are proved to be completely monotonic. As applications of these results, the monotonicity and convexity of a function involving the ratio of two gamma functions and originating from the establishment of the best upper and lower bounds in Kershaw's double inequality are derived, two sharp double inequalities involving ratios of double factorials are recovered, the probability integral or error function is estimated, a double inequality for ratio of the volumes of the unit balls in $\mathbb{R}^{n-1}$ and $\mathbb{R}^n$ respectively is deduced, and a symmetrical upper and lower bounds for the gamma function in terms of the psi function is generalized.