• Title/Summary/Keyword: Upper body type

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"A Study on Hebrews Clothing in the Old Testament" - Especially on Hair Styles, Headgears, Footwear and Personal Ornaments - (구약성서(舊約聖書)에 나타난 히브리인의 복식(服飾) - 두식(頭飾), 신발 및 장신구(裝身具) 중심(中心)으로 -)

  • Park, Chan-Boo
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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    • v.10
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    • pp.63-80
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    • 1986
  • The Old Testament cotains mention of the history of creation and clothing in ancient Hebrew. This study dealt with Hebrew dress customs especially aimed at the manners of their hair styles, headgears, footwear and personal ornaments. References are Korean Revised Version, English King James Version and Revised Standard Version. There is little mention of hair styles and headgears in the Old Testament. Some sort of turban was worn by priests, and soldiers protected themselves with helmets, but most Israelitish men went bareheaded except on special occasions and often wear simple headbands. It was more common for women to use headwear of some type-turbans, scarves, and veils concealing the face. The veil was the distinctive female wearing apparel. All females, with the exception of maidservants and women in a low condition of life, wore a veil. It was the custom for women to wear a veil entirely covering their head in the public. Through most of the Old Testament periods long and thick hair was admired on men and women alike. The Hebrews were proud to have thick and abundant long hair, and they gave much attention to the care of their hair. The caring of hair was deeply related to their rituals. Nazirites never took a razor to their hair during his vow-days, but instead let it grow long, as an offering to God. Men would not cut their beards, but allow them to grow long. The Israelites' standard footwear was a pair of simple leather sandals. This was one of the items of clothing not highly prized. In a colloquial saying of the time, a pair of shoes signified something of small value, and to be barefoot except in times of mourning or on holy place, was a sign either of extreme poverty or humiliation, as in the case of war prisoners. Because precious stones were not mined in the Palestine-Syria region, Hebrews imported them from foreign country. They were consumer-to a large degree limited by their very modest standard of living-but not producers. Hebrews liked the precious stones and were motivated to acquire and wear jewels. Besides their use for adornment and as gifts, the precious or semiprecious stones were regarded by Jews of property. The Hebrews were not innovators in the field of decorative arts. The prohibition of the Law against making any "graven image" precluded the development of painting, sculpture, and other forms of representational art. Jewish men did not indulge in extravagances of dress, and there was little ornamentation among them. Men wore a signet ring on their right hand or sometimes suspended by a cord or chain around the neck. The necklaces, when worn by a male, also bore any symbol of his authority. Bracelets were extremely popular with both men and women, men usually preferring to wear them on their upper arms. The girdle was a very useful part of a man's clothing. It was used as a waist belt, or used to fasten a man's sword to his body, or served as a pouch in which to keep money and other things. Men often carried a cane or staff, which would be ornamented at the top. Among the women there was more apt to be ornamentation than among the men. Hebrew women liked to deck themselves with jewels, and ornamentation of the bride were specially luxurious and numerous. They wore rings on their fingers or On toes, ankle rings, earrings, nosering, necklace, bracelets. Their shapes were of cresent, waterdrops, scarab, insect, animal or plant. Sometimes those were used as amulets. They were made of ceramics, gold, silver, bronze, iron, and various precious stones which were mostly imported from Egypt and Sinai peninsular. Hebrews were given many religious regulations by Moses Law on their hair, headgears, sandals and ornamentation. Their clothing were deeply related with their customs especially with their religions and rituals. Hebrew religion was of monotheism and of revealed religion. Their religious leaders, the prophets who was inspired by God might need such many religious regulations to lead the idol oriented people to God through them.

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Shielding Effect of Radiation Protector for Interventional Procedure (중재적 방사선 분야 방호용구 차폐효과)

  • Ko, Shin-Kwan;Kang, Byung-Sam;Lim, Chung-Hwang
    • Journal of radiological science and technology
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.213-219
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    • 2007
  • The purpose of this study is to evaluate shielding effect of radiation protector for interventional radiologists in procedures by measuring inside and outside of radiation protector. In this study, we measured the radiation dose of 4 interventional radiologists during TACE and PTBD procedure for 4 month(2005.05-2005.09). Absorbed dose were measured by TLD placed underneath and over radiation protector such as Goggle, Thyroid protector, Apron and placed on the 4th finger of Hand. In addition, we measured background radiation dose in the control room using TLD. During TACE procedure, using 0.07 mmPb Goggle decreased average 53.8% of radiation dose rate in continuous fluoroscopic mode and decreased average 77.6% of radiation dose rate in pulse fluoroscopic mode. Using 0.5 mmPb Thyroid protector decreased average 88.9% of radiation dose rate in continuous fluoroscopic mode and decreased average 92.8% in pulse fluoroscopic mode. During PTBD procedure, using 0.07 mmPb Goggle decreased radiation dose rate average 62.7%, 87.9% by 0.5 mmPb Thyroid protector, 90.5% by 0.5 mmPb Apron. The average fluoroscopic time of PTBD was 6.14 min. shorter than TACE procedure, but radiation exposure dose rate of PTBD was 3 times higher in total body dose, and 40 times higher in hand dose rate than TACE. Interventional radiologists must wear thicker protector recommended over 0.5 mmPb. Also, they must use lead Goggle during interventional procedure. Abdomen dose decreased average 38.4% by drawing a lead curtain under the patient's table, therefore, they must draw a lead curtain to shield scattering ray. Radiation exposure dose decreased average 59.0% by using pulse fluoroscopic mode. So radiologists would better use pulse fluoroscopic mode than continuous fluoroscopic mode to decrease exposure dose.

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Development of Supplemental Equipment to Reduce Movement During Fusion Image Acquisition (융합영상(Fusion image)에서 움직임을 줄이기 위한 보정기구의 개발)

  • Cho, Yong Gwi;Pyo, Sung Jae;Kim, Bong Su;Shin, Chae Ho;Cho, Jin Woo;Kim, Chang Ho
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.84-89
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    • 2013
  • Purpose: Patients' movement during long image acquisition time for the fusion image of PET-CT (Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography) results in unconformity, and greatly affects the quality of the image and diagnosis. The arm support fixtures provided by medical device companies are not manufactured considering the convenience and safety of the patients; the arm and head movements (horizontal and vertical) during PET/CT scan cause defects in the brain fundus images and often require retaking. Therefore, this study aims to develop patient-compensation device that would minimize the head and arm movements during PET/CT scan, providing comfort and safety, and to reduce retaking. Materials and Methods: From June to July 2012, 20 patients who had no movement-related problems and another 20 patients who had difficulties in raising arms due to shoulder pain were recruited among the ones who visited nuclear medicine department for PET Torso scan. By using Patient Holding System (PHS), different range of motion (ROM) in the arm ($25^{\circ}$, $27^{\circ}$, $29^{\circ}$, $31^{\circ}$, $33^{\circ}$, $35^{\circ}$) was applied to find the most comfortable angle and posture. The manufacturing company was investigated for the permeability of the support material, and the comfort level of applying bands (velcro type) to fix the patient's head and arms was evaluated. To find out the retake frequency due to movements, the amount of retake cases pre/post patient-compensation were analyzed using the PET Torso scan data collected between January to December 2012. Results: Among the patients without movement disorder, 18 answered that PHS and $29^{\circ}$ arm ROM were the most comfortable, and 2 answered $27^{\circ}$ and $31^{\circ}$, respectively. Among the patients with shoulder pain, 15 picked $31^{\circ}$ as the most comfortable angle, 2 picked $33^{\circ}$, and 3 picked $35^{\circ}$. For this study, the handle was manufactured to be adjustable for vertical movements. The material permeability of the patient-compensation device has been verified, and PHS and the compensation device were band-fixed (velcro type) to prevent device movements. A furrow was cut for head fixation to minimize the head and neck movements, fixing bands were attached for the head, wrist, forearm, and upper arm to limit movements. The retake frequency of PET Torso scan due to patient movements was 11.06% (191 cases/1,808 patients) before using the movement control device, and 2.65% (48 cases/1,732 patients) after using the device; 8.41% of the frequency was reduced. Conclusion: Recent change and innovation in the medical environment are making expensive medical image scans, and providing differentiated services for the customers is essential. To secure patient comfort and safety during PET/CT scans, ergonomic patient-compensation devices need to be provided. Therefore, this study manufactured a patientcompensation device with vertically adjustable ergonomic ROM according to the patient's body shape and condition during PET Torso scan. The defects in the basal ganglia images due to arm movements were reduced, and retaking was decreased.

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An Anatomical Study of the Posterior Tympanum (한국인 중이강후벽에 관한 형태해부학적 고찰)

  • 양오규;윤강묵;심상열;김영명
    • Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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    • 1982.05a
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    • pp.17.2-19
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    • 1982
  • The sinus tympani is subject to great variability in the size, shape and posterior extent. A heavy compact bony zone, especially in the posterior portion and the narrow space between the facial nerve and posterior semicircular canal are the limitation of surgical approach. The facial recess should be opened, creating a wide connection between the mesotympanum and mastoid in the Intact canal wall tympanoplasty with mastoidectomy. The surgically created limits of the facial recess are the facial nerve medially, the chorda tympani laterally and the bone adjacent to the incus superiorly. Using adult Korean's thirty-five temporal bones, the authors measured the osteologic reslationship in the posterior tympanum, especially sinus tympani and facial recess. The result was as followed. 1. The average distance from the anterior end of the pyramidal eminence. 1) to the edge of the sinus tympani directly posterior was 2.54(1.05-5.40)mm. 2) to the maximum posterior extent was 3.22(1.25-7.45)mm. 3) to the maximum cephaled extent was 0.67 (0.40-1.75)mm. 2. The boundary of the sinus tympani was 82.9% from the lower margin oval window to the upper margin round window niche. 3. The deepest part of the sinus tympani was 62.9% in the mid portion, between the ponticulus and subiculum. 4. The oblique dimension from the fossa incudis above to the hypotympanum below was 8.13(7.90-9.55)mm. 5. The transverse dimensions midway between the oval window above and round window below was 3.00(2.85-3.45)mm. 6. The transverse dimension at the level of the fossa incudis was 1.81(1.40-2.15)mm. 7. The facial nerve dehiscence was 14.3%. 8. Anterior-posterior diameter of the footplate was 2.98(2.85-3.05) mm. 9. The average distance from the footplate. 1) to the cochleariform process was 1.42(1.35-1.55) mm. 2) to the round window niche was 1.85(1.45-2.10) mm.

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