• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.612-617
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• 2005

Astragali Radix(AR), is a popular tonic herb prescribed for 'insufficient qi' in Korea, Japan and China. The present study examined the effect of AR ethanol extract on ovalubumin induced allergic mouse model. AR administration reduced levels of IFN-gamma, Interleukin(IL)-4, IL-5 and total IgE in the OVA induced allergic inflammation. It also protected the upper airway respiratory epithelium from being damaged by the OVA induced inflammation. Taken together, our results showed that the use of AR alone proved to down-regulate Th1 and Th2 cytokine production and play a protective role in tissue damage in allergic disease.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제39권
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• pp.27.1-27.5
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• 2017

The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is estimated to be 1-5% of the adult population world-wide, and in Korea, it is reported at 4.5% of men and 3.2% of women (Age 40 to 69 years old). Active treatment of OSA is associated with decrease in insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, psychosocial problems, and mortality. Surgical treatment of OSA has evolved in the era of neuromodulation with the advent of hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HGNS). We share this review of HGNS with our maxillofacial surgical colleagues to expand the scope of surgical care for OSA.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.17-27
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• 2003

Background: Snoring in children, is associated Kith adenotonsillar hypertrophy and sinusitis which contribute to upper airway obstruction, so we studied the sinusitis and adenoid size of snoring children with plain radiography Materials and method: Fifty patients having snoring, nasal obstruction in our hospital between November 2001 and November 2002 were studied using plain radiology PNS(water's view) and Neck lateral view(adenoid size with A/N ratio) Results: 1. In oriental medicine, Hu-Bi means laryngopharyngeal edema and obstruction, laryngopharyngeal disease are due to Hwa-Yeoul( fire and hot), sinus disease are due to Fung-Han(wind and cold) and Fung-Yeoul(wind and hot). 2. Age ranged from 2 to 17 year-old ( mean age: 6 years), 5-7 year-old were 18 patients (36%). Age of on set, 25 patients were 1-4 year-old (50%). 3. Of the 50 snoring patients, 37 patients were sinusitis(74%), 20 patients had enlarged adenoid(40%). Of the 20 large adenoid patients, 19 patients were sinusitis(95%). 4. Of the 50 snoring patients, size of tonsil were flowed. Fifteen were severe(3+), 17 patients were moderate(2+) and 15 patients were mild(1+). Of the 20 enlarged adenoid patients, size of tonsil flowed. Five were severe(3+), 11 patients were moderate(2+) and 4 patients were mild(1+). Conclusion : Of the 50 Snoring patients, 37 patients showed sinusitis(74%), 32 patients showed large tonsil(64%), 20 patients showed large adenoid(40%).

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.86-89
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• 2013

A retropharyngeal abscess is a rare disease entity in young infants but can develop after nasopharyngeal viral infection. Group B Streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus are the most common pathogens in young infants, however, Mycobacterium tuberculosis is very rare. We report the case of retropharyngeal abscess and coinfection with S. aureus and M. tuberculosis in a very young infant presenting with respiratory symptoms due to upper airway obstruction. Usually tuberculous retropharyngeal abscesses are caused by the direct invasion of the bacteria from the spine via anterior longitudinal ligament of the spine. However, in this case, no associated spinal disease was observed.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.357-367
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• 2022

수면호흡장애(sleep disordered breathing, SDB)는 상기도의 완전한 또는 부분적 폐쇄로 인해 수면 중 반복적인 저호흡과 무호흡이 나타나는 것을 특징으로 하는 질환이다. 소아 SDB 유병률은 대략 12 - 15%이며, 호발 연령은 주로 3 - 5세의 미취학 어린이이다. 어린이는 코골이와 잦은 각성부터 야뇨증, 과잉행동에 이르기까지 다양한 증상을 보인다. 어린이에서 SDB의 주원인은 편도 및 아데노이드 비대로 인한 상기도의 폐쇄이다. SDB를 치료하지 않으면 학습 장애, 인지 장애, 행동 문제, 심혈관 질환, 대사 증후군, 저성장 등과 같은 합병증을 초래할 수 있다. 소아치과 의사는 SDB의 위험이 있는 소아를 감별하는 특별한 위치에 있다. 소아치과 의사는 SDB와 관련 있는 임상 양상을 인지하고, 소아 수면설문지, 측 모두부계측 방사선사진, 휴대용 간이수면검사 등을 이용하여 SDB를 선별하여 전문가에게 의뢰할 수 있어야 한다. 소아치과에서는 치료를 위해 상악궁 확장, 하악 전방 유도장치, 설소대 절제술 등을 시행할 수 있다. 소아치과 의사는 장기간의 구호흡과 저위설, 설소대단축증 등이 비정상적인 안면골격 성장 및 수면 문제를 일으킬 수 있음을 인지하고, 이러한 문제점들을 예방할 수 있도록 조기에 개입할 수 있어야 할 것이다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.119-123
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• 2019

폐쇄성 수면 무호흡은 반복적인 상기도 저항으로 인해 호흡이 없는 상태를 말하며, 뇌 심혈관계 질환과의 연관성이 있어 적극적인 치료가 필요하다. 대표적인 방법인 지속적 양압기의 치료효과는 많은 연구로 입증되었다. 그러나 지속적 양압기 사용 전과 후의 마스크를 착용하지 않은 상태에서의 수면다원검사 결과를 비교한 것은 없다. 본 증례에서 폐쇄성 수면 무호흡으로 진단된 환자가 2년 이상 꾸준히 지속적 양압기를 사용한 후 재검사를 통해 무호흡-저호흡 지수의 감소(64.7/h에서 12.9/h) 및 그 외 수면관련 지표들도 호전된 결과를 보였다. CPAP의 장기적 사용은 상기도 저항이 감소할 수 있는 기전을 제공하는 것으로 사료되며, 이로 인한 무호흡-저호흡 지수가 변화 가능성이 있으므로 꾸준한 수면다원검사의 추적관찰이 필요하겠다.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.31-35
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• 2016

Antley-Bixler syndrome (ABS) is a rare form of syndromic craniosynostosis with additional systemic synostosis, including radiohumeral or radioulnar synostosis. Another characteristic feature of ABS is mid-facial hypoplasia that leads to airway narrowing after birth. ABS is associated with mutations in the FGFR2 and POR genes. Patients with POR mutations present with either skeletal manifestations or congenital adrenal hyperplasia with ambiguous genitalia. We report here two cases of ABS caused by mutations in FGFR2 and POR. Although the patients had craniosynostosis and radiohumeral synostosis in common and cranioplasty was performed in both cases, the male with POR mutations showed an elevated level of $17{\alpha}$-hydroxyprogesterone during newborn screening and was diagnosed with congenital adrenal hyperplasia by adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation. This patient has been treated with hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone. He had no ambiguous genitalia but had bilateral cryptorchidism. On the other hand, the female with the FGFR2 mutation showed severe clinical manifestations: upper airway narrowing leading to tracheostomy, kyphosis of the cervical spine, and coccyx deformity. ABS shows locus heterogeneity, and mutations in two different genes can cause similar craniofacial and skeletal phenotypes. Because the long-term outcomes and inheritance patterns of the disease differ markedly, depending on the causative mutation, early molecular genetic testing is helpful.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.161-166
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• 1985

기관지결핵은 폐결핵 환자의 상당수에서 관찰되며, 폐침윤이 없는 경우에도 기관지폐쇄로 인한 무기폐, 임파선 종대로 인한 종괴의 형성으로 타폐질환과 감별을 요하게 된다. 저자들은 1983년 5월부터 1985년 7월까지 영남대학병원에서 굴곡성 기관지경을 사용하여 기관지결핵으로 진단하였던 25예를 대상으로 그 임상상을 관찰 조사 하였기에 보고하고자 한다. 1) 25명의 기관지결핵 환자 모두 항결핵제 투약을 받았으며, 이중 호흡곤란이 심하거나 주 기도내에 광범위한 육아종 병변이 있었던 6명에서는, corticosteroid의 투여로 호전을 보였다. 2) 기관지결핵의 진단에 굴곡성 기관지경을 통한 조식검사나 항산균의 도말 및 배양검사가 필수적이다.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2020

Extranodal Natural Killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, is a subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, strongly associated with Epstein-Barr virus. Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma mostly affects the nasal cavity and there has been no report of the disease's occurrence at the base of tongue. Here we report a case of 43-year-old man who presented with a diffuse ulcerative lesion at the base of tongue. Because the patient had oral bleeding, tracheostomy and lingual artery ligation was performed via a transcervical approach to control bleeding and protect the upper airway. We performed a deep biopsy through the lateral pharyngotomy approach, and finally, the patient was diagnosed with extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type. We report this rare case of extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma at the base of tongue with a literature review.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.118-125
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• 2009

Bilateral vocal fold immobility (BVFI) is a challenging condition which may result from diverse etiologies including vocal fold paralysis, synkinesis, cricoarytenoid joint fixation, and interarytenoid scar. Most patients present with dyspnea and stridor, but sometimes with a breathy dysphonia. Careful history taking, laryngoscopic evaluation under general anesthesia or awaken status, laryngeal EMG, and imaging studies with CT and/or MRI are helpful for providing a precise diagnosis and planning appropriate managements. In children, congenital neurological disorder is one of the most common etiologies, and spontaneous recovery has been reported in more than 50% of cases. Therefore, observation for more than 6 months while securing the upper airway with tracheostomy if needed is a generally accepted rule before deciding any destructive procedure to be undertaken. In children with advanced posterior glottic stenosis, laryngotracheal reconstruction with rib cartilage graft should be considered. In contrast to children, BVFI most commonly occurs as sequalae of surgical complication in adults. Diverse static or dynamic procedures can be applied; posterior cordotomy, vocal fold lateralization, endoscopic or open arytenoidectomy, arytenoid abduction, and reinnervation, electrical laryngeal pacing, which need to be carefully selected according to each patient's needs and pathophysiology of BVFI.