• 제목/요약/키워드: UoF

검색결과 30건 처리시간 0.028초

Radiation-induced thermal conductivity degradation modeling of zirconium

  • Sangil Choi;Hyunmyung Kim;Seunghwan Yu
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제56권4호
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    • pp.1277-1283
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    • 2024
  • This study presents a radiation-induced thermal conductivity degradation (TCD) model of zirconium as compared to the conventional UO2 TCD model. We derived the governing factors of the radiation-induced TCD model, such as maximum TCD value and temperature range of TCD. The maximum TCD value was derived by two methods, in which 1) experimental result of 32 % TCD was directly utilized as the maximum TCD value and 2) a theoretical approach based on dislocation was applied to derive the maximum TCD value. Further, the temperature range of TCD was determined to be 437-837 K by 1) experimental results of post-annealing of irradiation hardening as compared to 2) the rate theory and thermal equilibrium. Consequently, the radiation-induced TCD model of zirconium was derived to be $f_r=1-{\frac{0.32}{1+{\exp}\,\{(T-637)/45\}}}$. Because the thermal conductivity of zirconium is one of the factors determining the storage and transport system, this newly proposed model could improve the safety analysis of spent fuel storage systems.

Reprocessing of fluorination ash surrogate in the CARBOFLUOREX process

  • Boyarintsev, Alexander V.;Stepanov, Sergei I.;Chekmarev, Alexander M.;Tsivadze, Aslan Yu.
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제52권1호
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    • pp.109-114
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    • 2020
  • This work presents the results of laboratory scale tests of the CARBOFLUOREX (CARBOnate FLUORide EXtraction) process - a novel technology for the recovery of U and Pu from the solid fluorides residue (fluorination ash) of Fluoride Volatility Method (FVM) reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel (SNF). To study the oxidative leaching of U from the fluorination ash (FA) by Na2CO3 or Na2CO3-H2O2 solutions followed by solvent extraction by methyltrioctylammonium carbonate in toluene and purification of U from the fission products (FPs) impurities we used a surrogate of FA consisting of UF4 or UO2F2, and FPs fluorides with stable isotopes of Ce, Zr, Sr, Ba, Cs, Fe, Cr, Ni, La, Nd, Pr, Sm. Purification factors of U from impurities at the solvent extraction refining stage reached the values of 104-105, and up to 106 upon the completion of the processing cycle. Obtained results showed a high efficiency of the CARBOFLUOREX process for recovery and separating of U from FPs contained in FA, which allows completing of the FVM cycle with recovery of U and Pu from hardly processed FA.

Uranium tetrafluoride production at pilot scale using a mercury electrode cell

  • Dides, Munir;Hernandez, Jose;Olivares, Luis
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제54권5호
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    • pp.1909-1913
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    • 2022
  • This work shows the technical feasibility to obtain uranium tetrafluoride through an electrochemical mercury cell. This technique represents a custom scaling-up methodology from our previous studies to obtain UF4 using the dropping mercury electrode cell. The UF4 products were obtained from natural UF6 gas, which was hydrolyzed to obtain a 50 g/L UO2F2 solution. The electrolysis cell was made using a mercury reservoir, to reach UF4 production rates of 1 Kg UF4/day. This custom design allowed a stable UF4 production thanks to the mercury cathode, which do not permit the accumulation of solid products in its surface. The cell was tested using current densities from 5.000 to 17.500 A/m2 and temperatures from 25 to 65 ℃. The maximum current efficiency achieved under these conditions was 80%. The UF4 powders possessed spherical morphology, with diameters between 20 and 80 ㎛. Compared to the SnCl2 precipitation, this process did not allow preferential growth of the precipitates. This improved the compaction of the UF4 - Mg powders mixtures, with densities between 3.0 and 3.5 g/cm3. The purity of the UF4 products was over 98%.

수종의 국화과 식물에서 분리한 Sesquiterpene Lactone들의 생리활성(제1보) - 암세포주에 대한 세포독성 - (Biological Activities of Sesquiterpene Lactones isolated from Several Compositae Plants Part 1 - Cytotoxicity against Cancer Cell Lines -)

  • 장대식;박기훈;김환묵;홍동호;전효곤;고영희;양민석
    • 생약학회지
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    • 제29권3호
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    • pp.243-247
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    • 1998
  • A diverse panel of human tumor cell lines and a mouse melanoma cell line (B16-F1) were used for the cytotoxicity test of the nine sesquiterpene lactones with ${\beta}-methylene-{\gamma}-lactone$ group isolated from Hemisteptia lyrata, Chrysanthemum zawadskii and Chrysanthemum boreale. In the cell adhesion inhibitory activity test against B16-F1 mouse melanoma cell, hemistepcin B, cumambrin B, costunolide and tulipinolide were shown significant activities with $IC_{50}$ range of 2.2, 4.1, 0.9 and $0.3\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. In the cytotoxicity test against human tumor cells, the most active compound was costunolide having $IC_{50}$ values of below $0.3\;{\mu}g/ml$ against all the tested cell lines except for UACC62. Cumambrin A, hendelin and costunolide exhibited more strong activity against HCT15 and UO-31 cell lines than a positive control, adriamycin. All tested compounds showed an $IC_{50}$ values of below $5.0\;{\mu}g/ml$ against all the tested cell lines.

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2-(Phenylamino)acetohydrazide로부터 유도된 Hydrzone 리간드와 그들의 착물의 합성, 특성 및 항균활성 (Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activities of Hydrazone Ligands Derived from 2-(phenylamino)acetohydrazide and Their Metal Complexes)

  • EL-Saied, F.A.;Shakdofa, M.M.E.;Al-Hakimi, A.N.
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제55권3호
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    • pp.444-453
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    • 2011
  • N'-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-2-(phenylamino)acetohydrazide ($H_2L^1$, 1) 및 N'-((3-hydroxy-naphthalen-2-yl)methylene)-2-(phenylamino)acetohydrazide ($H_2L^2$, 13)에 대한 VO(II), ZrO(II), Hf(IV), $UO_2$(II), Sn(II), V(V)$O_3$, Ru(III), Cd(II), Ho(III) 및 Yb(III) 착물을 합성하여 원소분석, $^1H$ NMR, IR, UV-Vis, 전기전도도 및 열분석 (DTA 및 TG)을 통해 특성을 조사하였다. 이들 리간드는 분광학적 결과에 의하면 중성 이배위, 일염기성 이배위, 일열기성 삼배위 또는 이염기성 삼배위 리간드로 행동한다. 그 결과 azomethine 질소원자, 양성자화 되어있거나 또는 탈양성자화 된 형태의 페놀 하이드록시 그룹 그리고 에놀 또는 케톤형 카드보닐 그룹을 통해 금속이온에 결합한다. 이들 리간드와 그 금속 착물들은 모체 리간드 및 금속이온 용액에 비해 높은 항균 및 항박테리아 저해효과를 보인다. 대부분의 금속 착물은 표준 항균성 시약 (amphotricene B) 보다 더 높은 항균 활동성을 보인다. 또한 이들 리간드와 착물은 항박테리아 활성도보다는 항균활성도에서 더 높은 수치를 보인다.

몬산토 촉매의 용해방법에 관한 연구 (Study on Dissolution Condition of Monsanto Catalyst)

  • 최광순;이창헌;표형열;박양순;조기수;김원호
    • 분석과학
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    • 제14권4호
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    • pp.317-323
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    • 2001
  • 아크릴로니트릴을 제조하기 위한 가암모니아 산화(ammoxidation) 공정에 쓰이는 몬산토 촉매의 용해방법을 연구하였다. 실리카가 지지체인 이 촉매는 마이크로파 용해장치를 이용하여 염산, 플루오르화 수소산 및 과산화수소의 혼합산으로 녹이는 것이 가장 효과적이었다. 이 장치로 녹일 때 용기 내의 압력이 높아 안전장치가 작동될 경우, 규소는 휘발할지라도 안티몬, 몰리브덴, 철, 비스무트 및 우라늄은 휘발하지 않았다. 유도결합 플라스마 원자방출분광법으로 측정한 결과 $SiO_2$ $50.5{\pm}0.4%$, $Sb_2O_3$ $29.6{\pm}0.6%$, $UO_2$ $10.2{\pm}0.1%$, $Fe_2O_3$ $6.1{\pm}0.1%$, $MoO_3$ $0.73{\pm}0.01%$$Bi_2O_3$ $0.49{\pm}0.01%$이었으며, 기준 값과의 상대 오차는 비스무트를 제외하고 모두 ${\pm}10%$ 이내였다.

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철환원 박테리아에 의한 금속 환원 및 광물형성 (Metal Reduction and Mineral formation by fe(III)-Reducing Bacteria Isolated from Extreme Environments)

  • Yul Roh;Hi-Soo Moon;Yungoo Song
    • 한국광물학회지
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    • 제15권3호
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    • pp.231-240
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    • 2002
  • 미생물에 의한 금속이온의 환원은 탄소와 금속의 생지화학적 순환에 영향을 줄 뿐만 아니라 또한 금속, 방사성원소, 그리고 유기물로 오염된 지하수와 토양의 정화에 있어서 중요한 역할 가능성을 시사하고 있다. 지구의 극한 환경(예: 심해저 퇴적, 알칼리성 호수 등)에서 서식하는 철환원 박테리아를 분리하여 금속이온의 환원과 광물 형성 등의 실험에 이용하여 본 결과에 의하면, 이들 철환원 박테리아는 Fe(III), Mn(IV), Cr(VI), Co(III), and U(VI)이온 등을 환원시킬 뿐만 아니라, 자철석($Fe_3$$O_4$), 능철석($FeCO_3$), 방해석($CaCO_3$), 능망간석($MnCO_3$), 비비아나이트 [$Fe_3$($PO_4$)$_2$ .$8H_2$O], 우라니나이트(UO) 등의 광물을 형성한다. 철 환원 박테리아에 의한 광물 형성과 금속이온의 환원에 영향을 미치는 주요소는 대기의 조성, 화학 조성, 및 박테리아의 종이다. 호열성 철환원 박테리아는 철수화물과 금속이온(Co, Cr, Ni) 등을 동시에 환원시켜 금속 치환된 자철석을 합성하며, 또한 석탄회 등을 이용하여 탄산염 광물을 형성하여 대기 중의 이산화탄소를 고정하는 역할을 하기도 한다. 따라서 미생물에 의한 금속이온이 환원은 자연계에서 철과 탄소의 지화학적인 순환에 영향 미치며, 또한 미생물에 의한 자철석의 합성은 산업적으로 많은 이용가치가 있을 것으로 본다.

이중구조 가연성독봉 설계안의 최적화 및 노심 핵설계 타당성 평가 (Design Optimization of Duplex Burnable Poison Rods and Feasibility Evaluation for Core Design)

  • 윤석균;이대진;김명현
    • 에너지공학
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    • 제13권4호
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    • pp.242-258
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    • 2004
  • 한국원자력연구소에서는 기존의 일체형 가연성 독봉과 다른 이중구조로 된 가연성독봉 개념을 제시하였다. 이중구조 가연성독봉(Erbia Duplex BP)은 내부에 Natural U+Gd$_2$O$_3$, 외부에는 Enriched $UO_2$+Er$_2$O$_3$를 배열시킨 구조이다. 이러한 독봉은 장주기 노심에서 기존의 Gadolinia BP과 동일한 반응도제어를 할 수 있을 것이라 예상된다. 이중구조 가연성독봉의 핵적 타당성을 확인하기 위해 24개월 주기용 한국표준형원자로를 비교대상으로 선정하였으며, 기존 연구된 여러 가지 독봉설계안들과 4가지 핵특성에 대하여 비교 분석하였다. 핵특성 평가 결과, 이중구조가연성 독봉은 비교대상보다 무한증배계수, 첨두봉출력인자, 반응도억제가, 감속재온도계수측면에서 모두 유리한 경향을 보였다. 설계변수에 따른 민감도분석을 통해 도출한 최적화된 핵연료집합체를 이용하여 노심적용 타당성을 확인하였다. 주기길이, 첨두출력 및 감속재온도 계수를 비교하였으며 전 노심해석결과 주기길이가 비고대상보다 4-7일 길게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 등가의 독봉집합체를 설계했음에도 불구하고 노심에 장전되는 우라늄의 양이 서로 달라서 생기는 현상으로 판단된다. 하지만 전체적인 핵특성을 비교해보면 이중구조 가연성독봉을 장전한 노심이 비교대상노심보다 다소 유리하면서도 거의 비슷함을 알 수 있었다. 마지막으로 경제성 평가를 통해 장주기 노심에서의 이중구조 가연성독봉의 제조 가능성 및 적용 타당성이 충분히 확인되었다.

옥천대(沃川帶) 우라늄광층(鑛層)의 구조규제(構造規制) 및 지구화학적(地球化學的) 특성연구(特性硏究) (Lithologic and Structural Controls and Geochemistry of Uranium Deposition in the Ogcheon Black-Slate Formation)

  • 이대성;윤석규;이종혁;김정택
    • 자원환경지질
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    • 제19권spc호
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    • pp.19-41
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    • 1986
  • Structural, radioactive, petrological, petrochemical, mineralogical and stable isotopic study as well as the review of previous studies of the uranium-bearing slates in the Ogcheon sequence were carried out to examine the lithological and structural controls, and geochemical environment in the uranium deposition in the sequence. And the study was extended to the coal-bearing formation (Jangseong Series-Permian) to compare the geochemical and sedimentologic aspects of uranium chemistry between Ogcheon and Hambaegsan areas. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The uranium mineralization occurs in the carbonaceous black slates of the middle to lower Guryongsan formation and its equivalents in the Ogcheon sequence. In general, two or three uranium-bearing carbonaceous beds are found with about 1 to 1.5km stratigraphic interval and they extend from Chungju to Jinsan for 90km in distance, with intermittent igneous intrusions and structural Jisturbances. Average thickness of the beds ranges from 20 to 1,500m. 2. These carbonaceous slate beds were folded by a strong $F_1$-fold and were refolded by subsequent $F_1$-fold, nearly co-axial with the $F_1$, resulting in a repeated occurrence of similar slate. The carbonaceous beds were swelled in hing zones and were shrinked or thined out in limb by the these foldings. Minor faulting and brecciation of the carbonaceous beds were followed causing metamorphism of these beds and secondary migration and alteration of uranium minerals and their close associations. 3. Uranium-rich zones with high radioactive anomalies are found in Chungju, Deogpyong-Yongyuri, MiwonBoun, Daejeon-Geumsan areas in the range of 500~3,700 cps (corresponds to 0.017~0.087%U). These zones continue along strike of the beds for several tens to a few hundred meters but also discontinue with swelling and pinches at places that should be analogously developed toward underground in their vertical extentions. The drilling surveyings in those area, more than 120 holes, indicate that the depth-frequency to uranium rich bed ranging 40~160 meter is greater. 4. The features that higher radioactive anomalies occur particularly from the carbonaceous beds among the argillaceous lithologic units, are well demonstrated on the cross sections of the lithology and radioactive values of the major uranium deposits in the Ogcheon zone. However, one anomalous radioactive zone is found in a l:ornfels bed in Samgoe, near Daejeon city. This is interpreted as a thermal metamorphic effect by which original uranium contents in the underlying black slate were migrated into the hornfels bed. 5. Principal minerals of the uranium-bearing black slates are quartz, sericite, biotite and chlorite, and as to chemical composition of the black slates, $Al_2O_3$ contents appear to be much lower than the average values by its clarke suggesting that the Changri basin has rather proximal to its source area. 6. The uranium-bearing carbonaceous beds contain minor amounts of phosphorite minerals, pyrite, pyrrhotite and other sulfides but not contain iron oxides. Vanadium. Molybdenum, Barium, Nickel, Zirconium, Lead, Cromium and fixed Carbon, and some other heavy metals appear to be positive by correlative with uranium in their concentrations, suggesting a possibility of their genetic relationships. The estimated pH and Eh of the slate suggests an euxenic marine to organic-rich saline water environment during uranium was deposited in the middle part of Ogcheon zone. 7. The Carboniferous shale of Jangseong Series(Sadong Series) of Permian in Hambaegsan area having low radioactivity and in fluvial to beach deposits is entirely different in geochemical property and depositional environment from the middle part of Ogcheon zone, so-called "Pibanryong-Type Ogcheon Zone". 8. Synthesizing various data obtained by several aspects of research on uranium mineralization in the studied sequence, it is concluded that the processes of uranium deposition were incorporated with rich organic precipitation by which soluble uranyl ions, $U{_2}^{+{+}}$ were organochemically complexed and carried down to the pre-Ogcheon sea bottoms formed in transitional environment, from Red Sea type basin to Black Sea type basin. Decomposition of the organic matter under reducing conditions to hydrogen sulfide, which reduced the $UO{_2}^{+2}$ ions to the insoluble uranium dioxide($UO_2$), on the other side the heavy metals are precipitated as sulfides. 9. The EPMA study on the identification of uraninite and others and the genetic interpretation of uranium bearing slates by isotopic values of this work are given separately by Yun, S. in 1984.

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Occurrence and chemistry of pyrochlore and baddeleyite in the Sokli carbonatite complex, Kola Peninsula, Arctic

  • Lee, Mi-Jung;C. Terry Williams;Lee, Jong-Ik;Kim, Yeadong
    • 한국광물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국광물학회.한국암석학회 2003년도 공동학술발표회 논문집
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    • pp.67-67
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    • 2003
  • The chemical compositions and textural relationships of the Nb-Zr oxide minerals including pyrochlore [ideally (Ca,Na)$_2$Nb$_2$O$\sub$6/(OH,F), with up to 24% UO$_2$ and 16% Ta$_2$O$\sub$5/] and baddeleyite [ideally ZrO$_2$, with up to 6% Nb$_2$O$\sub$5/] in the Sokli carbonatite complex, Kola Peninsula, Arctic are described. These two minerals in carbonatites are the major hosts for the HFSEs such as U, Th, Ta, Nb, Zr and Hf and thus are interest both economically and petrologically. The Sokli carbonatite complex (360-370 Ma) in Northern Finland, which forms a part of the Paleozoic Kola Alkaline Province (KAP), is mainly composed of multi-stages of carbonatite and phoscorite associations (P1-C1 P2-C2, P3-C3, D4 and D5) surrounded by altered ultramafic rocks (olivinite and pyroxenite) and cut by numerous small dikes of ultramafic lamprophyre. The Sokli complex contains the highest concentration in niobium and probably in tantalum, which are economically very important to modern steel technology, among the ultramafic-alkaline complexes of the KAP. Pyrochlore and baddeleyite mostly concentrate in the phoscorites. Pyrochlores in the Sokli complex are generally rounded octahedra and cubes in shape, red brown to grey yellow in color, and 0.2 to 5 mm in size. They are found in all calcite carbonatites, phoscorites and dolomite carbonatites, except P1-C1 rocks. These pyrochlores display remarkable zonations which depend on host rock compositions, and have significant compositional variations with evolution of the Sokli complex. The common variation scheme is that (1) early pyrochlore is highly enriched in U and Ta; (2) these elements decrease abruptly in the intermediate stage, while Th and Ce increase, and (3) late stage pyrochlore is low in U, Ta, Th, and Ce, and correspondingly high in Nb. Baddeleyites in the Sokli complex occur in the early P1-C1 and P2-C2 rocks and rarely in P3. They crystallized earlier than pyrochlores, and occasionally show post-magmatic corrosion and replacement. The FeO and TiO$_2$ contents of baddeleyites are much lower than those of the other terrestrial and lunar baddeleyites, whereas Nb$_2$O$\sub$5/ and Ta$_2$O$\sub$5/ contents are the highest among the reported compositions. Ta/Nb and Zr/Nb ratios of pyrochlores and baddeleyites decrease towards later stage facies, which is in accordance with the whole rock compositions. The variation of Ta/Nb and Zr/Nb ratios of pyrochlores and baddeleyites is considered to be a good indicator to trace an evolution of the carbonatite complexes.

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