• Transactions on Control, Automation and Systems Engineering
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.66-70
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• 2001

This paper describes the design of a two-axis force sensor for robots finger. In detects the x-direction force Fx and y-direction force Fy simultaneously. In order to safely grasp an unknown object using the robots fingers, they should detect the force or gripping direction and the force of gravity direction, and perform the force control using the forces detected. Therefore, the robots hand should be made by the robots finger with tow-axis force sensor that can detect the x-direction force and y-direction force si-multaneously. Thus, in this paper, the two-axis force sensor for robots finger is designed using several parallel-plate beams. The equations to calculate the strain of the beams according to the force in order to design the sensing element of the force sensor are derived and these equations are used to design the aize of two-axis force sensor sensing element. The reliability of the derive equa-tions is verified buy performing a finite element analysis of the sensing element. The strain obtained through this process is compared to that obtained through the theory analysis and a characteristics test of the fabricated sensor. It reveals that the rated strains calculated from the derive equations make a good agreement with the results from the Finite Element Method analysis and from the character-istic test.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.54-57
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• 2002

1962년, Keck에 의해 족근관 증후군이 발표된 이후로 족근관 증후군은 많이 보고되어지는 신경포착증후군 중 하나다. 족근관 증후군의 원인은 대부분 알려지지 않고 있지만, 양성종양이 그 원인이 될 수 있다. 저자들은 족근관 증후군을 주소로 외래방문한 32세 여자의 신경초종과 39세 남자의 결절종의 수술적 치료를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Medical Lasers
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.55-59
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• 2021

A foreign body in the airway can be a potentially life-threatening event. The diagnosis and treatment of foreign bodies in the airway are a challenge for otolaryngologists. Despite the improvements in medical care and public awareness, approximately 3,000 deaths occur each year from foreign body aspiration. A high degree of vigilance is required to ensure prompt treatment and avoid the complications of foreign body aspiration. The author encountered a case of a 77-year-old female patient who had aspirated an unknown foreign body that was fixed in her main bronchus. An initial attempt was made to remove it with a flexible bronchoscope but failed due to the patient's hypoxemic state during the procedure. Under general anesthesia, a rigid bronchoscopic examination was performed, but it was difficult to approach the object due to the bronchus curvature. Instead, a cryotherapy instrument of bronchoscopy was applied. The foreign body was frozen and removed to the carina, where a laryngoscope and laryngeal forceps were used to remove it.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.109-120
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 삼국, 고려, 조선시대의 금동유물 각 한 점과 제작시기를 알 수 없는 금동유물 한 점 그리고 고려의 금은유물 한 점을 선택하여 도금층과 바탕금속 간에 일어나는 금속원소의 확산현상을 살펴보았다. 그 결과 대부분의 유물에서 확산에 관한 직간접적인 증거가 확인되었으며, 특히 조선시대의 금동장식에 대한 분석결과로부터는 이러한 확산현상이 도금공정에 의도적으로 활용되었을 가능성이 제기되었다. 확산이 일어난 금동유물의 도금층에서는 표면에서 내부로 갈수록 점차 금함량이 감소하면서 구리함량이 증가하였으며 이로 말미암아 도금층과 바탕금속 간의 경계가 불분명해지는 것으로 드러났다. 이러한 점진적 조성변화는 열에 의한 확산에 기인하는 것으로, 도금층 전체에 산소함량이 매우 낮은 점으로 보아 이것이 매장도중 부식에 의하여 초래되었을 가능성은 매우 낮다. 확산정도에 따라 금동유물의 표면색조에는 차이가 발생하게 되는데, 확산에 의한 색조변화는 표면의 미소형태나 화학조성 면에서 부식에 의한 것과 분명하게 구별되는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 금은유물에서는 금은의 확산과 더불어 도금층의 수은도 바탕금속으로 이동하는 현상이 확인되었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.323-335
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• 2002

Object: The present study was accomplished to obtain a gene expression profile of the luminal epithelium during embryo apposition in comparison of implantation (1M) and interimplantation (INTER) sites. Material and Method: The mouse uterine luminal epithelium from IM and INTER sites were sampled on day 4.5 (Day of vaginal plug = day 0.5) by Laser Captured Microdissection (LCM). RNA was extracted from LCM captured epithelium, amplified, labeled and hybridized to microarrays. Results from microarray hybridization were analyzed by Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM) method. Differential expression of some genes was confirmed by LCM followed by RT-PCR. Results: Comparison of IM and INTER sites by SAM identified 73 genes most highly ranked at IM, while 13 genes at the INTER sites, within the estimated false discovery rate (FDR) of 0.163. Among 73 genes at IM, 20 were EST/unknown function, and the remain 53 were categorized to the structural, cell cycle, gene/protein expression, immune reaction, invasion, metabolism, oxidative stress, and signal transduction. Of the 24 structural genes, 14 were related especially to extracellular matrix and tissue remodeling. Meanwhile, among 13 genes up-regulated at INTER, 8 genes were EST/unknown function, and the rest 5 were related to metabolism, signal transduction, and gene/protein expression. Among these 58 (53+5) genes with known functions, 13 genes (22.4%) were related with $Ca^{2+}$ for their function. Conclusions: Results of the present study suggest that 1) active tissue remodeling is occurring at the IM sites during embryo apposition, 2) the INTER sites are relatively quiescent than IM sites, and 3) the $Ca^{2+}$ may be a crucial for apposition. Search for human homologue of those genes expressed in the mouse luminal epithelium during apposition will help to understand the implantation process and/or implantation failure in humans.

• 미술이론과 현장
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• 제5호
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• pp.7-24
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• 2007

The subject is connected with a structure named "The Symbolic" to Lacan, but he denied that the subject is explained simply as a fruit of language and "Other". From his point of view, passing through Subject, De-formation and Crack over it is designated as foundation of generation and creation rather than our destined defect. It should not be understood that subject of "The Real" is a concept of the subject free itself from restraint of "The Symbolic". However, this does not mean he asserts "Subject" is something incapable of being controlled by the unknown power. The problem is that this autonomous existence meets inside of it with something "more than one's own self" by "circulating around itself" like a permanent star. This is the indication of a "stranger in the middle of my privacy", or "extimit$\'{e}$", a coined-word by Lacan. Perhaps "Subject" is nothing more than the name of distance of object which is "too hot" to come close, and of this circulating movement. It's because of this object that the real subject stands against generalization and the subject can't be restored to any place in symbolic order-even though it is empty. The part which is told from Lacan's structural theory, that is to say, an importance to Lacan is that his Subject theory is not suggested or denied as a manual structure. On the contrary, it is a study of the relationship between the settled symbol that included in "real subject which is a unconscious one" and the symbolic subject hold- that is a metaphysical subject in general meaning. In Lacan's enlarged concept of subject beyond symbolic reality, it is noticeable that it gives justifiability to the union of a medium of different nature in artistic expression. We can recognize that the unconscious world is a living space which enables it to be a "condition of human being", not something dark under the surface of water through Magritte's(Rene Magritte, 1898~1967) surrealistic works. In other words, Magritte's art secures a core dimension of human nature through a mysterious gap of conscious and settled space. Magritte's drawings often evokes strange and unsettling feelings in people who view his paintings. This is because routine objects are found in "unsuitable" places from which we usually find them in our everyday lives. "Reality" in Magritte's paintings makes it aware that it is a strained field of concealment and disclosure basically between truths, and we can learn that his behavior to overturn to paint in-visible things is finally an effort to restore the "real subject" to the viewer's reality. In other words, such reversion arouses a nostalgic desire for the objects existing in their original appearance as they are - natural condition that our gaze had not been distorted yet by anamorphic stains. - and the state when we are conscious of them normally. Such desire offers an opportunity for us to get out of mental depression rather than operates to us as an abnormal crack. It's a successive process of effort to search for lost subject and Paradise Lost facing up to reality of subject human that is to be a subject of world and life are ousted from their place by structure and authority of culture.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.151-160
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• 1994

지상사진측량은 최근 GIS구축을 위한 자료의 수집으로부터 각종 첨단산업분야에 그 응용이 증대되고 있다. 특히 정밀기계부품 또는 모의실험을 위한 모형제작시, 사진측량기법을 이용하여 다량의 3차원 수치 데이타를 균일한 정확도로 신속, 정확하게 획득할 수 있고 또한 이를 모델링에 이용할 수 있기 때문이다. 본 연구에서는 모의실험을 위한 선박모형을 monitoring하기 위해 신속하게 촬영할 수 있는 다중사진기 시스템을 구성하고 정확도 해석은 물론 network 형성을 위해 촬영기법, 기준점 수 및 배치, 미지점, 수렴촬영, 스트림 조합에 대한 오차를 분석, 이를 적용 선박모형에 대한 각 단면형상과 3차원 monitoring을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 정밀모형선박의 전면(全面)에 대한 모니터링을 통하여 개발한 다중사진기시스템의 효용성을 입증할 수 있었으며 pass point를 배치하여 3차원 데이타를 기대정확도로 얻을 수 있었으므로 구조물의 정밀해석은 물론 순간변형측정의 가능성을 제시할 수 있었다.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 CCD 카메라를 이용하여 획득된 영상들 간의 상대적인 열화(Blur)를 이용하여 물체의 3차원 형상 및 거리 정보를 얻을 수 있는 Depth From Defocus(DFD) 방법을 제안한다. 기존 논문의 주파수 영역에서 디포커스(Defocus) 연산자를 구하는 역필터링(Inverse filtering) 방법은 정확도가 떨어지고, 윈도우 효과(Windowing effects) 및 영상의 경계 효과(Border effect)와 같은 단점이 있었다. 또한 일반적인 영상은 비정체성 (Nonstationary)이기 때문에, 임의의 텍스처에 대한 가우시안(Gaussian) 및 라플라시안(Laplacian) 연산자 등의 필터를 이용하는 디포커스 방법의 추정값은 결과가 좋지 않다. 이러한 문제점들을 해결하기 위해 지역적 분석과 함께 다양한 크기의 윈도우를 제공하는 웨이블릿 변환을 이용한 DFD 방법을 제안한다. 복잡한 텍스처 특성을 갖는 영상의 깊이 추정을 위해서는 웨이블릿 분석을 사용하는 것이 효과적이다. Parseval의 정리에 의해 영상 간의 웨이블릿 에너지의 비율이 열화 계수(Blur parameter) 및 거리와 관련 있음을 증명하였다. 제안된 DFD 알고리즘의 성능을 계산하기 위해 실험은 종합적이며 실제적인 영상을 이용하여 행하였다. 본 논문의 DFD 방식은 기존의 DFD 방법보다 RMS 에러 측면에서 정확한 결과를 보였다.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.164-171
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• 2005

Toxicological studies have an object of detecting adverse effects of a chemical on an organism based on observed toxicity marker (i.e., serum biochemical markers and chemical-specific gene expression) or phenotypic outcome. To date, most toxicogenomic studies concentrated on hepatic toxicity. cDNA microarray analysis enable discrimination of the responses in animals exposed to different classes of hepatotoxicants. In an effort to further characterize the mechanisms of 2, 3, 7, 8,-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD or dioxin)-mediated toxicity, comprehensive temporal-responsive microarray analyses were performed on hepatic tissue from Sprague-Dawley rats treated with TCDD. Hepatic gene expression profiles were monitored using custom DNA chip containing 490 cDNA clones related with toxicology. Gene expression analysis identified 26 features which exhibited a significant change. In this study, we observed that the genes related with oxidative stress in rats exposed to Dioxin, such as CYPIIA3 and glutathione S-transferase, were up-regulated at 24hr after exposure. In this study, we carried out to discover novel evidence for previously unknown gene expression patterns related to mechanism of hepatic toxicity in rats exposed to dioxin, and to elucidate the effects of dioxin on the gene expression after exposure to dioxin.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 비교사학습법을 통해 영상의 방대한 정보를 효율적으로 모델링 하는 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 여기서 이동궤적들은 자연어 처리에 사용되는 알고리즘인 잠재 디리클레 할당 모형(Latent Dirichlet Allocation)에 의해 직진, 좌회전, 우회전등 각 상황 별로 주제에 따라 그 영역을 효과적으로 분류할 수 있다. LDA를 이용해 주제별로 의미 있는 영역을 분류한 후, 각 주제별로 분류된 궤적을 관측열로 보고 은닉 마르코프 모델(Hidden Markov Model)의 바움-웰치 알고리즘을 사용하여 학습한다. 전향 알고리즘을 사용하여 입력된 행동과 학습된 행동을 비교함으로써 영상내의 행동이 정상인지 비정상인지를 효과적으로 판단할 수 있다. 실험결과 다양한 영상에 대해 의미있는 주제별로 영역이 잘 분류되며 추적에러로 인한 궤적의 노이즈에도 강인하게 물체의 무단횡단, 신호위반과 같은 상황을 효과적으로 탐지하는 것을 확인할 수 있다.