• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this research is to extract factors affecting office lighting and their relations, and then develop a framework that helps designers research and design smart lighting systems. Background: Due to the highly specialized usages of offices, the lighting system within offices also varies according to space, work, user, etc. A framework which considers these various factors and their relations is necessary for understanding and developing smart lighting systems. Method: First we extract factors affecting office lighting conditions, and select factors that can be controlled. We then analyze and develop a structure which reflects the relations among these factors from procedural perspective. Results: We divide factors affecting office lighting into physical and social factors, and then conceptualize their relations using a circular model. We then develop our framework from procedural perspective by dividing these factors into three levels, namely Subject, Action and Object. Conclusion: The developed framework organizes various factors affecting office lighting and their relations, and helps understand the procedural and structural aspects of lighting system. Application: Our framework helps designing and refining smart lighting system for complicated office spaces by helping people understanding the overall structure of office lighting.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.525-533
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was done to propose and test a predictive model that would explain and predict fall prevention behaviors in postmenopausal women. The health belief model was the theoretical basis to aid development of a nursing intervention fall prevention program. Methods: Data for 421 postmenopausal women were selected from an original data set using a survey design. The structural equation model was tested for 3 constructs: modifying factors, expectation factors, and threat factors. Expectation factors were measured as relative perceived benefit (perceived benefit minus perceived barrier), self-efficacy, and health motivation; threat factors, as perceived susceptibility (fear of falling) and perceived severity (avoiding activity for fear of falling); and modifying factors: level of education and knowledge about fall prevention. Data were analyzed using SPSS Windows and AMOS program. Results: Mean age was 55.7 years (range 45-64), and 19.7% had experienced a fall within the past year. Fall prevention behaviors were explained by expectation and threat factors indicating significant direct effects. Mediating effect of health beliefs was significant in the relationship between modifying factors and fall prevention behaviors. The proposed model explained 33% of the variance. Conclusion: Results indicate that fall prevention education should include knowledge, expectation, and threat factors based on health belief model.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.14-22
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was designed to identify the factors affecting the experience of smoking in middle school girls. A comprehensive analysis of individual and family factors was used. Method: The students in this descriptive survey on causal relations were 433 girls enrolled in middle schools selected by convenience sampling. The data were collected in November-December 2003 and logistic regression analysis was used to build a forecast model. Findings: The findings showed the following, 1) Individual factors such as grade, alcohol consumption, sexual experience and the frequency of exposure to pornographic materials, and 2) family factors such as parental living arrangement were significant factors. Conclusion and Recommendation: The experience of smoking among Korean middle school girls was associated not only with individual factors, but also with family factors, which exert a strong influence on health behavior. There is therefore a need for school-based smoking prevention programs, which deal comprehensively with these factors that influence smoking. It is recommended that a program be developed that will help to control the variables identified in this study along with follow?up study to verify the model.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.593-602
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• 2011

Purpose: In this study analysis was done of utilization of rooming-in care in South Korean hospitals in order to examine the factors related to mothers and hospitals that affect rooming-in care. Methods: With the involvement of 254,414 mothers who gave birth across 953 hospitals, the analysis used the health insurance qualification data of the National Health Insurance Corporations and Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (2006). Factors associated with rooming-in care were analyzed using a GEE logistic regression analysis to consider factors related to both mothers and hospitals. Results: Only 45.1% of the mothers used rooming-in care. The results of the regression analysis revealed that individual factors of the mothers were not associated with rooming-in care, whereas group factors of the hospitals were. Rooming-in care use was primarily related to small hospital, location of hospital, and higher nurse staffing level. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that the utilization of rooming-in care is not associated with factors an individual mother, but rather with the group factors of the hospitals. Thus, a policy-based approach considering both of these types of factors is required to enhance the utilization of rooming-in care.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.299-316
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• 2016

The abilities for 21st learners have recently changed and learners' engagement is emphasized. In flipped classroom, students learn the prerequisite concepts of the lecture online in advance and perform various types of activities based on interaction and engagement. As students in flipped classroom construct knowledge actively, students' engagement is very important. Therefore, I conducted a research of flipped mathematics class to help teachers to better understand students' engagement in flipped mathematics class. The flipped mathematics class was conducted for about 3 weeks with 29 middle school students and one teacher. Video and audio recordings, completed student worksheets and interview data were collected and analyzed using the qualitative method. The results of this study showed that students' engagement is influenced by diverse factors. Engagement factors were categorized by teacher factors, community factors, material factors, tasks and strategy factors, classroom culture factors. Each factor facilitates or suppresses behavioral, emotional, cognitive, agentic engagements, and sometimes several factors are related. The results of this study increase understanding of engagement through the example of a case study on flipped mathematics class.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.848-857
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate factors affecting frailty by age groups among vulnerable elders in Korea. Methods: In this secondary analysis, data were collected from records for 22,868 elders registered in the Visiting Health Management program of Public Health Centers in 2012. Health behaviors, clinically diagnosed disease, frailty, depression and cognitive condition were assessed. Data were analyzed using stepwise regression to determine the associated factors of frailty by age group. Results: Alcohol consumption, physical activity, number of diseases, DM, CVA, arthritis, urinary incontinence, depression and cognitive condition were found to be factors significantly associated with frailty among the elders aged 65~74 (F=135.66, p <.001). Alcohol consumption, physical activity, CVA, arthritis, urinary incontinence, depression and cognitive condition were found to be factors associated with frailty in the elders aged 75~84 (F=245.40, p <.001). Physical activity, CVA, arthritis, depression and cognitive condition were factors associated with frailty in the elders over 85 years of age (F=96.48, p <.001). Conclusion: The findings show that frailty of elders and associated factors were different by age group, and common factors affecting frailty were physical activity, CVA, arthritis, depression and cognitive condition. Thus, these factors should be considered in the development of intervention program for care and prevention of frailty and program should be modified according to age group.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.163-171
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was done to explore disease factors in children with epilepsy, parental factors and resource factors that are related to parenting stress and identify effects of each factor on parenting stress. Methods: Participants were 131 parents who had children who visited a hospital or were hospitalized due to epilepsy. Data collection was done between September 17 and November 17, 2012, and self-report surveys were used. Results: In Stepwise multiple regression analysis, factors influencing parenting stress in children with epilepsy were marital communication, educational background of parents, parenting efficacy, children's development delay, drug treatment and surgical treatment as a method of epilepsy treatment. These factors explained 34.6% (F=13.22, p<.001) of the variance in parenting stress. Conclusion: The findings indicate that parental factors (educational background of parents and parenting efficacy) and resource factors (marital communication) have higher explanatory power than disease factors of the children. Thus, it is importance to assess the capacity of parents through self-evaluation, and to assess barriers to marital communication when developing parenting stress intervention programs. Furthermore, both parents should be involved in interventions for parenting stress.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.166-173
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was designed to find differences between physical activity and health-related factors of Korean male adults. Methods: Using the 2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES V-1), the data of 1,876 Korean males over 30 years old who completed the Health Interview, Health Behavior Surveys and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were analyzed. Analysis of differences in physical activity according to socio-demographic factors, physical health-related factors and psychological health-related factors was tested using the F-test and chi-square test with SPSS 12.0. Results: The high physical activity group was merely 2.5% and the moderate group was 51.4%. In each group, the study showed significant differences in age (p=.017), education status (p=.019), and economic status (p=.032) of socio-demographic factors, in body mass index (p=.003), vitamin D (p=.020) and hypertension status (p=.007) of physical health-related factors, and in recognition of stress (p=.027) of psychological health-related factors. Conclusion: These results revealed that physical activity can play an important role in nursing intervention of physical and psychological health-related factors in male adults.

• Educational Technology International
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.43-75
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to identify patterns of learner behaviors, conflicting and facilitating factors during collaborative work in an online learning community(OLC). This study further seeks to investigate the difference of learner behaviors between high- and low-performing groups, and conflicting and facilitating factors. The online postings from four groups(19 students) in the spring semester(study 1) and six groups(24 students) in the fall semester(study 2) were analyzed. A coding scheme was generated based on constant comparison using the qualitative data analysis tool, NVivo. The analysis identified 7 categories of learner behaviors in both studies. Among the seven categories, information seeking and co-construction were most frequently observed in both studies. One evident difference between the high- and low-performing groups was that the high-performing groups revealed more incidents of learner behaviors in both studies. In addition, six categories of conflicting factors and five categories of facilitating factors were emerged in both studies. The inefficiency of work category was one of the most frequently observed categories in both studies. Interestingly, the high-performing groups showed more incidents of conflicting factors than the low-performing groups. This study revealed two different types of conflicting factors and there is a need for different moderating strategies depending on its type. Based on the results of the study, effective design strategies for an OLC to facilitate active learning were suggested.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.137-143
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• 2015

Background: Insomnia is becoming increasingly recognized as a clinically important symptom in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). In this retrospective study, we have determined risk factors associated with clinical insomnia in CLBP patients in a university hospital in Korea. Methods: Data from four-hundred and eighty one CLBP patients was analyzed in this study. The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) was used to determine the presence of clinical insomnia (ISI score ${\geq}15$). Patients' demographics and pain-related factors were evaluated by logistic regression analysis to identify risk factors of clinical insomnia in CLBP. Results: It was found that 43% of patients reported mild to severe insomnia after the development of back pain. In addition, 20% of patients met the criteria for clinically significant insomnia (ISI score ${\geq}15$). In a stepwise multivariate analysis, high pain intensity, the presence of comorbid musculoskeletal pain and neuropathic pain components, and high level of depression were strongly associated with clinical insomnia in CLBP. Among these factors, the presence of comorbid musculoskeletal pain other than back pain was the strongest determinant, with the highest odds ratio of 8.074 (95% CI 4.250 to 15.339) for predicting clinical insomnia. Conclusions: Insomnia should be addressed as an integral part of pain management in CLBP patients with these risk factors, especially in patients suffering from CLBP with comorbid musculoskeletal pain.