• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.239-248
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• 2010

This paper describes a collaborative project between academia and industry which focused on improving the marketing and product development strategies for two private label apparel brands of a large regional department store chain in the southeastern United States. The goal of the project was to revitalize product lines of the two brands by incorporating student ideas for new solutions, thereby giving the students practical experience with a real-life industry situation. There were a number of key players involved in the project. A privately-owned department store chain based in the southeastern United States which was seeking an academic partner had recognized a need to update two existing private label brands. They targeted middle-aged consumers looking for casual, moderately priced merchandise. The company was seeking to change direction with both packaging and presentation, and possibly product design. The branding and product development divisions of the company contacted professors in an academic department of a large southeastern state university. Two of the professors agreed that the task would be a good fit for their classes - one was a junior-level Intermediate Brand Management class; the other was a senior-level Fashion Product Development class. The professors felt that by working collaboratively on the project, students would be exposed to a real world scenario, within the security of an academic learning environment. Collaboration within an interdisciplinary team has the advantage of providing experiences and resources beyond the capabilities of a single student and adds "brainpower" to problem-solving processes (Lowman 2000). This goal of improving the capabilities of students directed the instructors in each class to form interdisciplinary teams between the Branding and Product Development classes. In addition, many universities are employing industry partnerships in research and teaching, where collaboration within temporal (semester) and physical (classroom/lab) constraints help to increase students' knowledge and experience of a real-world situation. At the University of Tennessee, the Center of Industrial Services and UT-Knoxville's College of Engineering worked with a company to develop design improvements in its U.S. operations. In this study, Because should be lower case b with a private label retail brand, Wickett, Gaskill and Damhorst's (1999) revised Retail Apparel Product Development Model was used by the product development and brand management teams. This framework was chosen because it addresses apparel product development from the concept to the retail stage. Two classes were involved in this project: a junior level Brand Management class and a senior level Fashion Product Development class. Seven teams were formed which included four students from Brand Management and two students from Product Development. The classes were taught the same semester, but not at the same time. At the beginning of the semester, each class was introduced to the industry partner and given the problem. Half the teams were assigned to the men's brand and half to the women's brand. The teams were responsible for devising approaches to the problem, formulating a timeline for their work, staying in touch with industry representatives and making sure that each member of the team contributed in a positive way. The objective for the teams was to plan, develop, and present a product line using merchandising processes (following the Wickett, Gaskill and Damhorst model) and develop new branding strategies for the proposed lines. The teams performed trend, color, fabrication and target market research; developed sketches for a line; edited the sketches and presented their line plans; wrote specifications; fitted prototypes on fit models, and developed final production samples for presentation to industry. The branding students developed a SWOT analysis, a Brand Measurement report, a mind-map for the brands and a fully integrated Marketing Report which was presented alongside the ideas for the new lines. In future if the opportunity arises to work in this collaborative way with an existing company who wishes to look both at branding and product development strategies, classes will be scheduled at the same time so that students have more time to meet and discuss timelines and assigned tasks. As it was, student groups had to meet outside of each class time and this proved to be a challenging though not uncommon part of teamwork (Pfaff and Huddleston, 2003). Although the logistics of this exercise were time-consuming to set up and administer, professors felt that the benefits to students were multiple. The most important benefit, according to student feedback from both classes, was the opportunity to work with industry professionals, follow their process, and see the results of their work evaluated by the people who made the decisions at the company level. Faculty members were grateful to have a "real-world" case to work with in the classroom to provide focus. Creative ideas and strategies were traded as plans were made, extending and strengthening the departmental links be tween the branding and product development areas. By working not only with students coming from a different knowledge base, but also having to keep in contact with the industry partner and follow the framework and timeline of industry practice, student teams were challenged to produce excellent and innovative work under new circumstances. Working on the product development and branding for "real-life" brands that are struggling gave students an opportunity to see how closely their coursework ties in with the real-world and how creativity, collaboration and flexibility are necessary components of both the design and business aspects of company operations. Industry personnel were impressed by (a) the level and depth of knowledge and execution in the student projects, and (b) the creativity of new ideas for the brands.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.660-665
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• 1999

Structure of water soluble chitosan (WSC) was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), X-ray diffractometer and thermal analyser. The viscosity average molecular weight of WSC ranged from $3.0{\times}10^{4}$ to $4.5{\times}10^{4}$. Using the WSC having viscosity average molecular weight of $3.0{\times}10^{4}$, the antimicrobacterial effects against microorganism and oral microorganism showed 81.7% and 80.6% for Staphyloccus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, respectively, while the anitmicrobacterial effect exhibited 100% and 73.8% against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis, respectively. Therefore it is concluded that WSC is more effective against oral microorganism that microorganism in terms of antimicrobacterial effects. WSC sample with the viscosity average molecular weight of $4.5{\times}10^{4}$ exhibited a half of the antimicrobacterial effect of the low MW sample, indicating that the WSC with low MW was better than that with high MW. Chitin and chitosan showed a drastic decrease of acidity from pH 7.0 to 4.9 after 8 minute incubation time and reached an equilibrium after that. WSC, however, restrained pH of the sample from lowering up to about 16 minutes of incubation and reached an equilibrium after that. WSC obviously showed a buffering effect against pH change.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.142-149
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• 2014

Korea conducts a national health screening program to improve and check-up on public health and in recent years, the screening usage has been increased. Given the increased screening usage for radiographic exams, this study predicts the frequency of using radiographic exams and the exposure dose. This study estimates the usage of radiographic exams by isolating radiographic exams from the 2011 analysis of the national health insurance corporation, and estimates the public exposure dose by applying each procedure's dose table from UNSCEAR 2008. As a result of the analysis, in the 2011 National Health Screening, the average exposure dose per person is assumed to be 0.57 mSv, and depending on the type of screening program from the radiographic exam, an examinee could be exposed to between 0.2 mSv and 11.081 mSv. The frequency of using radiographic exposure was found to be 16,005,914 and the exposure dose was 6,311.76 person-Sv. The most frequent exam is the Chest X-ray, which was performed 1,070,567 (69.17%), and the UGI has the highest exposure dose at 5,217.94 person-Sv (82.67%). The outcome is categorized based on gender and age, excluding those under 39 years old. In all age groups, the screening usage and exposure dose are higher in females than in males. In particular, females between 50 and 54 years old have the highest screening usage (1,674,787, 10.5%) and exposure dose (701.59 person-Sv, 11.1%). As UGI accounts for 82.76% of procedures, except when done for medical purposes, if the government supports a voluntary UGI exam (which includes the UGI exam in the National Screening Program) or abolishes it completely, as seen overseas, the cost-effectiveness and validity of the UGI exam, as well as the exposure dose from the National Screening Program will all decrease significantly.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.8
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• pp.1024-1031
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• 2009

Crataegi fructus has been used as an oriental medicine and a folk remedy for the treatment of scurvy, constipation and stomach ailment. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of fermented Crataegi fructus vinegar (FCV) on the improvement of lipid metabolism in rats fed high fat diet (40% kcal% fat, fat source; beef tallow). Sprague-Dawley rats (n=32) were randomly divided into four groups [normal diet (ND), high fat diet (HD), and high fat diet supplemented with low (CFL; 1.5% wt/wt) and high (CFH; 3.0% wt/wt) doses of fermented Crataegi fructus vinegar] and were fed experimental diets for 6 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the body weight in high fat diet groups was higher than that of normal diet group, while the body weights of CFL and CFH group were significantly reduced by 7.2% and 10.0%, respectively, as compared with that of HD group. Moreover, liver and kidney weights in CFL and CFH group were significantly lower than that of HD group (p<0.05). The levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-C, atherogenic index and hepatic triglyceride, total cholesterol in CFH group were significantly decreased as compared with HD group whereas it increased the serum level of HDL-C than HD group (p<0.05). CFL and CFH groups showed significantly decreased AST, ALT and ALP of serum as compared with HD group. Excretions of fecal saturated fatty acid in CFH group was significantly increased compared with ND and HD groups. These results imply that fermented Crataegi fructus vinegar can be used as possible food resources and functional food materials.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.2
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• pp.159-164
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to establish an open-field experimental warming treatment and precipitation manipulation system to simulate climate change impact for Pinus densiflora seedlings based on a climate change scenario in Korea. Two-year-old seedlings were planted in a nursery in April, 2013. The air temperature of warmed plots (W) was set to increase by $3.0^{\circ}C$ compared to control plots (C) using infrared lamps from May, 2013. The three precipitation manipulation consisted of precipitation decrease using transparent panel (-30%; $P^-$), precipitation increase using pump and drip-irrigation (+30%; $P^+$) and precipitation control (0%; $P^0$). Initially, the air temperature was $2.2^{\circ}C$ higher in warmed plots than in control plots and later air temperature was maintained close to the target temperature of $3.0^{\circ}C$. The average soil temperature was $3.1^{\circ}C$ higher in warmed plots than in control plots. Also the average soil moisture content after the precipitation manipulation increased by 13.9% in $P^+W$ and decreased by 10.0% in $P^-W$ compared to $P^0W$, and increased by 23.7% in $P^+C$ and decreased by 7.6% in $P^-C$ compared to $P^0C$. It was confirmed that the open-field experimental warming and precipitation manipulation system was properly designed and operating.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.33-44
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters and trend of Landrace and Yorkshire pigs, which were raised on private farms from 1999 to 2005 and tested for their reproductive performance by the Korea Animal Improvement Association. Prior to analysis, records without pedigree or having value with larger than±3×standard deviation for the Total number of born were excluded. The effects of breed and environmental factors were estimated with least square method(Harvey, 1979), and estimation of breeding values and genetic parameters were performed on the data of 1’st litter only with GIBBSF90(Misztal, 2001) which was programmed according to Gibbs Sampling method based on Bayesian Inference by Gianola and Fernando(1986), Jensen(1994) and others. Gibbs sampling was performed 50,000 times for each parameter, and the first 5000 samples were regarded as those in burn-in period and thus, excluded for post hoc analysis. Total number of born and total number of accident were statistically significant(p<0.01) for the breed, farrowing year, farrowing season and parity effects, and the number born alive at birth was statistically significantp<(0.01) for the breed, farrowing year, farrowing season and parity effects. No particular trend was observed in the genetic and phenotypic improvement of the total number of born and number born alive at birth before 2001, when the piglet registration system started, but the tendencies of increasing for the total number of born and number born alive and decreasing for the total number of accident were observed since 2001. Somewhat higher heritability estimates of our study seems to be attributed to the situations that first parity records with poor farrowing performances were used in the analyses and it was impossible to obtain accurate reproductive performance due to the absence of criteria for record keeping at the level of individual farms.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.432-440
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• 2015

Biochar, a by-product from pyrolysis of biomass, is a promising option to mitigate climate change by increasing soil carbon sequestration. This material is also considered to have potential to remediate a soil with heavy metal pollution by increasing the soil's adsorptive capacity. This study conducted the assessment of two biochars considering the climate change mitigation potential and heavy metal removal capacity at the same time. Two kinds of biochars (BC_Ch, TW_Ch) were prepared by pyrolyzing the biomass of burcucumber (BC_Bm) and tea waste (TW_Bm). The soils polluted with Pb were mixed with biochars or biomass and incubated for 60 d. During the incubation, $CO_2$, $CH_4$, and $N_2O$ were regularly measured and the soil before and after incubation was analyzed for chemical and biological parameters including the acetate extractable Pb. The results showed that only the BC_Ch treatment significantly reduced the amount of Pb after 60 d incubation. During the incubation, the $CO_2$ and $N_2O$ emissions from the BC_Ch and TW_Ch were decreased by 24% and 34% compared to the BC_Bm and TW_Bm, respectively. The $CH_4$ emissions were not significantly affected by biochar treatments. We calculated the GWP considering the production of amendment materials, application to the soils, removal of Pb, and soil carbon storage. The BC_Ch treatment had the most negative value because it had the higher Pb adsorption and soil carbon sequestration. Our results imply that if we apply biochar made from burcucumber, we could expect the pollution reduction and climate change mitigation at the same time.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.385-394
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• 2017

In this study, reaction mechanism and curing characteristics of adhesives formulated with NaOH- and $H_2SO_4$-hydrolyzed chicken feather (CF) and formaldehyde-based crosslinkers were investigated by FT-IR and DSC. In addition, adhesive properties and formaldehyde emission of medium-density fiberboards (MDF) applied with the adhesives were measured. CF-based adhesives having a solid content of 40% and over were very viscous at $25^{\circ}C$, but the viscosity reduced to $300{\sim}660m{\cdot}Pa{\cdot}s$ at $50^{\circ}C$. Consequently, the adhesives could be used as a sprayable resin. Through the FT-IR spectra of liquid and cured CF-based adhesives, addition reaction of methylol group and condensation reaction between the functional groups with the use of formaldehyde-based crosslinkers were identified. From the analysis of DSC, it was elucidated for CF-based adhesives to require a higher pressing temperature or longer pressing time comparing to commercial urea-formaldehyde (C-UF) resin. MDF bonded with CF-based adhesives, which was formulated with 5% NaOH-hydrolyzed CF (CF-AK-5%) and PF of formaldehyde to phenol mole ratio of 2.5 (PF-2.5), and pressed for 8 min had higher MOR and IB than those with other CF-based adhesives. MOR and IB of MDF bonded with the CF-based adhesives regardless of formulation type and pressing time were higher than those with C-UF resin. When the values compared with the minimum requirements of KS standard, IB exceeded the KS standard in all formulations and pressing time, but MOR of only MDF bonded with CF-AK-5% and PF-2.5 and pressed for 8 min satisfied the KS standard. What was worse, 24-TS of MDF bonded with all CF-based adhesives did not satisfied the KS standard. However, MOR and 24-TS can be improved by increasing the target density of MDF or the amount of wax emulsion, which is added to improve the water resistance of MDF. Importantly, the use of CF-based adhesives decreased greatly the formaldehyde emission. Based on the results, we reached the conclusion that CF-based adhesives formulated under proper conditions had a potential as a sprayable resin for the production of wood panels.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.280-285
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• 2015

In radiation therapy fields, a brachytherapy is a treatment that kills lesion of cells by inserting a radioisotope that keeps emitting radiation into the body. We currently verify the consistency of radiation treatment plan and dose distribution through film/screen system (F/S system), provide therapy after checking dose. When we check dose distribution, F/S systems have radiation signal distortion because there is low resolution by penumbra depending on the condition of film developed. In this study, We fabricated a $HgI_2$ Semiconductor radiation sensor for base study in order that we verify the real dose distribution weather it's same as plans or not in brachytherapy. Also, we attempt to evaluate the feasibility of QA system by utilizing and evaluating the sensor to brachytherapy source. As shown in the result of detected signal with various source-to-detector distance (SDD), we quantitatively verified the real range of treatment which is also equivalent to treatment plans because only the low signal estimated as scatters was measured beyond the range of treatment. And the result of experiment that we access reproducibility on the same condition of ${\gamma}$-ray, we have made sure that the CV (coefficient of variation) is within 1.5 percent so we consider that the $HgI_2$ sensor is available at QA of brachytherapy based on the result.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.349-354
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• 2011

Our objective in this study is to assess the safety of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) fortified milk of dairy cows fed feeds containing protected fish oil treated with formaldehyde by analyzing formaldehyde concentration in commercial milk and DHA fortified milk of dairy cows fed formaldehyde treated feed. There are 3 milk samples in this study: Commercial milk (CM), DHA fortified milk for Kid (DHA-K) and DHA fortified milk for Baby (DHA-B). We confirm the fresh quality of these three samples by physicochemical tests. In fat content result, three groups are significantly different at the p < 0.05 by Duncan's multiple range test, but fat content of group DHA-K is about half the level of the other two groups. Protein content of group DHA-K is 1 % higher than other two groups. According to the analysis result of DHA content of DHA fortified milk, DHA content of DHA-B is two-fold higher than DHA-K. Similar pattern was seen in the intake based on age. According to HPLC analysis result of formaldehyde concentration in milk, commercial milk and DHA fortified milk are between 0.013 ppm and 0.057 ppm which is formaldehyde standard level in fresh milk settled in WHO (World Health Organization). Three groups have no significantly differences at the p < 0.05 by Duncan's multiple range test. For this reason, it can be concluded that there is no transition of formaldehyde from dairy cows fed formaldehyde treated feeds to its produced milk. Safety about formaldehyde of DHA fortified milk of dairy cows fed formaldehyde treated feeds is considered similar to commercial milk.