• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.1424-1441
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• 2014

Two-tier femtocell networks, consisting of a conventional cellular network underlaid with femtocell hotspots, play an important role in the indoor coverage and capacity of cellular networks. However, the cross- and co-tier interference will cause an unacceptable quality of service (QoS) for users with universal frequency reuse. In this paper, we propose a novel downlink interference mitigation strategy for spectrum-shared two-tier femtocell networks. The proposed solution is composed of three parts. The first is femtocells clustering, which maximizes the distance between femtocells using the same slot resource to mitigate co-tier interference. The second is to assign macrocell users (MUEs) to clusters by max-min criterion, by which each MUE can avoid using the same resource as the nearest femtocell. The third is a novel adaptive power control scheme with femtocells downlink transmit power adjusted adaptively based on the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) level of neighboring users. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can effectively increase the successful transmission ratio and ergodic capacity of femtocells, while guaranteeing QoS of the macrocell.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.263-271
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• 2018

Health technology assessment (HTA) is defined as multidisciplinary policy analysis to look into the medical, economic, social, and ethical implications of the development, distribution, and use of health technology. Following the recent changes in the social environment, there are increasing needs to improve Korea's healthcare environment by, inter alia, assessing health technologies in an organized, timely manner in accordance with the government's strategies to ensure that citizens' medical expenses are kept at a stable level. Dedicated to HTA and research, the National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency (NECA) analyzes and provides grounds on the clinical safety, efficacy, and economic feasibility of health technologies. HTA offers the most suitable grounds for decision making not only by healthcare professionals but also by policy makers and citizens as seen in a case in 2009 where research revealed that glucosamine lacked preventive and treatment effects for osteoarthritis and glucosamine was subsequently excluded from the National Health Insurance's benefit list to stop the insurance scheme from suffering financial losses and citizens from paying unnecessary medical expenses. For the development of HTA in Korea, the NECA will continue exerting itself to accomplish its mission of providing policy support by health technology reassessment, promoting the establishment and use of big data and HTA platforms for public interest, and developing a new value-based HTA system.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.1-26
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• 2010

We achieved both industrialization and democratization during the shortest period in the world. We also achieved good performance in national health insurance: universal coverage, solidarity in financing, equitable access of health care. However, national health insurance system has faced the problem of sustainability: various expenditure and financing problems. The problem of sustainablity has two facets of economic sustainability and fiscal sustainability. Economic sustainability refers to growth in health spending as a proportion of gross domestic product(GDP). Rapid increasing rate of health spending exceeds the growth rate of domestic product. Growth in health spending is more likely to threaten other areas of economic activity. Concern on fiscal sustainability relates to revenue and expenditure on health care. Health care financing face demographic and technical obstacles. Democratic obstacle is aging problem. Technical obstacle is collection of contribution. Expenditure of health care has various problems in benefit structure and efficiency of health care system. In this article, I suggest several policy reforms to enhance sustainability: generating additional revenue from value added tax, changing method of levying contribution, increasing efficiency of health care system by introducing the competition principle. restructuring of benefit scheme of health insurance. contracting with health care institutions to provide health care services.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.241-248
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate empirical evidences of productivity of life insurance institutions in Malaysia. Therefore, this study attempts to explore the productivity of the life insurance institutions in Malaysia. The overall findings show that the total factor productivity (TFP) has progressed by 2.5% per year during the study period from 2012 to 2016 in the Malaysian insurance industry. However, TFP change has declined from 2012 to 2015 and observed a negative growth in 2015-16 (3.3%). The highest productivity progress was documented during 2012-13 at a rate of 11.7% while the minimum productivity progress was during 2014-15 (only 0.2%). The results also indicate that the decomposition of TFP found that overall progress could mainly be attributed to technological change (TC). However, technical efficiency change (TEC) and pure technical efficiency change (PTE) have negative impact on TFP. The findings also show that most of the insurance companies have a steady growth. Therefore, this study will contribute new insights for the policy makers and insurance institutions to take appropriate steps in developing relevant policies for increasing productivity of insurance institutions in Malaysia.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.99-104
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• 2019

On May 1, 2019, the Minister of Health and Welfare announced publicly the first Comprehensive Plan of National Health Insurance (NHI). The Comprehensive Plan which is the 5-year plan including expenditure and revenue aspect of NHI, is desirable in 42 years of introduction of NHI and 30 years of universal coverage of NHI, though the Plan was late and had some conflict process. The Comprehensive Plan was established without evaluation of Moon's Care Plan, did not included to relationship with NHI and other health security systems, and did not have the blue print of NHI. The Plan was not sufficient in content of adequate health care utilization and relationship with service benefit and cash benefit. The Comprehensive Plan should be modified in considering the blue print of NHI and national healthcare system with participating stakeholder in turbulent environment-low fertility, rapid ageing, low economic growth rate, era of non-communicable diseases, unification of the Korean Peninsula, and 4th industrial revolution. Therefore, I suggest to establish the President's Committee of Improving Healthcare System for the blue print of health care and NHI.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2019

During the Obama administration, America made a shift in its foreign policies to re-focus on Asia. The strategy, known as 'Pivot to Asia', was used to contain a rising China. In this editorial note, I appropriate the geopolitical term to call for a scholarly refocus on Asia (and the broader Asia Pacific region). JCEA started as an area journal. While it has become more technology-focused and less geographically-bounded in its coverage of topics, the journal recognizes the centrality of the region's political economy and technological forces in setting (and upsetting) global norms and rules. The Asia Pacific contains the world's freest economies as well as the most oppressive regimes. It breeds both technology giants and laggards. As new geopolitical tensions loom, it is where the digital iron curtain is drawn, and where the vice and virtue of innovations debated. Social scientists in the English world, who lend extensively on European and American cases, can benefit from studying the Asia Pacific by testing whether and how local experience conforms to or confronts with universal theories. Very likely, western-centric norms and models become morphed and entangled in the grounded local particularity, reflecting many shades of this diverse place. In my arguments below, I highlight the Asia Pacific as a site of contradiction, as well as a site of contention and negotiation. My emphasis is that regional particularity holds the key to answer concurrent debates in the West concerning governance and accountability in the digital age.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.4310-4330
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• 2020

With the continuous emergence of new applications and cyberattacks and their frequent updates, the need for automatic protocol reverse engineering is gaining recognition. Although several methods for automatic protocol reverse engineering have been proposed, each method still faces major limitations in extracting clear specifications and in its universal application. In order to overcome such limitations, we propose an automatic protocol reverse engineering method using a two-pathway model based on a contiguous sequential pattern (CSP) algorithm. By using this model, the method can infer both command-oriented protocols and non-command-oriented protocols clearly and in detail. The proposed method infers all the key elements of the protocol, which are syntax, semantics, and finite state machine (FSM), and extracts clear syntax by defining fine-grained field types and three types of format: field format, message format, and flow format. We evaluated the efficacy of the proposed method over two non-command-oriented protocols and three command-oriented protocols: the former are HTTP and DNS, and the latter are FTP, SMTP, and POP3. The experimental results show that this method can reverse engineer with high coverage and correctness rates, more than 98.5% and 99.1% respectively, and be general for both command-oriented and non-command-oriented protocols.

• 천문학회보
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.53.2-53.2
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• 2021

Quasar luminosity function (QLF) shows the active galactic nucleus (AGN) demography as a result of the combination of the growth and the evolution of black holes, galaxies, and dark matter halos along the cosmic time. The recent wide and deep surveys have improved the census of high-redshift quasars, making it possible to construct reliable ultraviolet (UV) QLFs at 2 < z < 6 down to M1450 = -23 mag. By parameterizing these up-to-date observed UV QLFs that are the most extensive in both luminosity and survey area coverage at a given redshift, we show that the UV QLF has a universal shape, and their evolution can be approximated by a pure density evolution (PDE). In order to explain the observed QLF, we construct a model QLF employing the halo mass function, a number of empirical scaling relations, and the Eddington ratio distribution. We also include the outshining of AGN over its host galaxy, which made it possible to reproduce a moderately flat shape of the faint end of the observed QLF (slope of ~ -1.1). This model successfully explains the observed PDE behavior of UV QLF at z > 2, meaning that the QLF evolution at high redshift can be understood under the framework of halo mass function evolution. The importance of the outshining effect in our model also implies that there could be a hidden population of faint AGNs (M1450 > -24 mag), which are buried under their host galaxy light.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.119-128
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• 2016

민간자본으로 도시공원을 조성하기 위한 특례제도가 도입된 이후, 보다 매력적인 인센티브를 부여하기 위하여 법률 개정이 이루어졌다. 본 논문에서는 민간공원의 취지에는 적극 찬성하지만 공익성을 강조해야 하는 공원에서 과연 적절한 조치가 이루어지고 있는지에 대한 의문을 바탕으로, 민간공원의 정책모델이었던 일본의 민설공원제도의 배경과 함께 입지, 조성, 관리의 기준이 책정된 근거와 특성을 분석하고 문제점을 고찰하였다. 민설공원은 녹지 네트워크 구축과 방재 기능에 유효하도록 입지와 공간계획이 이루어졌으며, 최소면적은 약 1.42ha였다. 공원과 같은 공간의 최소 면적인 1ha는 방재성과 실현가능성, 사회적 수용가능성을 감안한 수치였으며, 건축 부문은 제2종 중고층 주거전용지역의 기준과 지역 거버넌스와의 협의절차를 거쳐 최종적으로는 용적율 100%, 건폐율 30%, 최고높이 11층 등 허용한도의 최저 수준으로 건설되었다. 관리비는 월 300엔/$m^2$을 기준으로 35년간 소요되는 비용을 사업자가 일괄 납부하였으나 과다한 관리비가 수반되는 시설에 대해서는 시가 비용을 지출하여 민관이 함께 관리하는 형태를 취하고 있었다. 한편 입지, 허용용도, 도입시설의 한계로 매력적인 수익시설 도입이 어려우며 관리주체와 비용부담등의 문제점이 도출되었다. 우리나라 민간공원에 대해서는 도시공원 조성의 우선순위를 선정한 후 민간공원의 적정입지를 선정하고, 국민적 합의를 이룰 수 있는 수준의 입지, 조성, 관리 기준 정립 등의 개선과제를 제안하였다.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제63권3호
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• pp.285-307
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• 2011

본 연구는 2008년 이후 시장화, 개별화, 가족화를 기조로 하는 보육정책의 개편을 비판적으로 검토하고 대안을 모색하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 본 논문은 첫째, 서구 복지국가 레짐별 사회서비스 재편유형을 검토하면서 자유선택론 논의 위에서 진행되고 있는 시장화, 개별화, 가족화가 갖는 문제점을 분석하였다. 둘째, 아동보육을 위한 서비스 설계에 있어서 정책적 쟁점사항을 정책대상 포괄범위, 정책방향, 정책결과, 정책효과, 정책우선순위로 나누어 살펴본 후, 마지막으로 보편주의 관점의 보육서비스 정책설계를 대안으로 제시하였다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 본 연구는 이명박 정부 보육정책의 재편은 소득수준별, 성별 계층화를 유발하기 때문에 모든 아동의 고른 성장을 담보하는 아동보육정책의 목표를 실현하는데 근본적 한계가 있음을 지적하였다.