• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.94-106
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• 2024

In this study, we conducted a survival analysis on battalion-level commanders(leaders), focusing on infantry battalion defensive operations using the big data of brigade-level KCTC(Korea Combat Training Center) training results. Unlike previous studies, we utilized the brigade-level KCTC training results data for the first time to conduct a survival analysis, and the research subjects were battalion-level commanders(leaders), which can affect the battle. At this time, the battle results were defined, and through cluster analysis, infantry battalions were divided into excellent, average, and insufficient units, and the difference in the survival rate of the commanders was analyzed through the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. This provided an opportunity to objectively compare the differences between excellent and insufficient units. Subsequently, factors affecting the survival of commanders were derived using the Cox proportional hazard model, and it was possible to confirm the influencing factors from various angles by also using the survival tree model. Significance and limitations confirmed in the research process were presented as policy suggestions and future research directions.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.479-506
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• 2021

Background: Chronic neuropathic pain (NP) presents therapeutic challenges. Interest in the use of cannabis-based medications has outpaced the knowledge of its efficacy and safety in treating NP. The objective of this review was to evaluate the effectiveness of cannabis-based medications in individuals with chronic NP. Methods: Randomized placebo-controlled trials using tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabidivarin (CBDV), or synthetic cannabinoids for NP treatment were included. The MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were examined. The primary outcome was the NP intensity. The risk of bias analysis was based on the Cochrane handbook. Results: The search of databases up to 2/1/2021 yielded 379 records with 17 RCTs included (861 patients with NP). Meta-analysis showed that there was a significant reduction in pain intensity for THC/CBD by -6.624 units (P < .001), THC by -8.681 units (P < .001), and dronabinol by -6.0 units (P = .008) compared to placebo on a 0-100 scale. CBD, CBDV, and CT-3 showed no significant differences. Patients taking THC/CBD were 1.756 times more likely to achieve a 30% reduction in pain (P = .008) and 1.422 times more likely to achieve a 50% reduction (P = .37) than placebo. Patients receiving THC had a 21% higher improvement in pain intensity (P = .005) and were 1.855 times more likely to achieve a 30% reduction in pain than placebo (P < .001). Conclusion: Although THC and THC/CBD interventions provided a significant improvement in pain intensity and were more likely to provide a 30% reduction in pain, the evidence was of moderate-to-low quality. Further research is needed for CBD, dronabinol, CT-3, and CBDV.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.143-148
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• 2016

Objective: This study aimed to quantify one of the useful upper extremity movements to evaluate motor control abilities between the groups of people with mild and moderate arm impairments performing a door handling task. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Twenty-one healthy participants and twenty-one persons with chronic stroke (9 mild stroke and 12 moderate stroke) were recruited for this study. Stroke participants were divided into 2 groups based on Fugle-Meyer Assessment scores of 58-65 (mild arm) and 38-57 (moderate arm). All they performed door handling task including the pronation and supination phases 3 times. We measured some movement factors which were reaction time, movement time, hand of peak velocity, hand of movement units to perform door handling task using the three-dimensional motion analysis. Results: The majority of kinematic variables showed significant differences among study groups (p<0.05). The reaction time, total and phase of movement time, hand of peak velocity, the number of movement units discriminated between healthy participants and persons with moderate upper limb stroke (p<0.05). In addition, reaction time, total and phase of movement time, the number of movement units discriminated between those with moderate and mild upper limbs of stroke patients (p<0.05). Conclusions: Three-dimensional kinematic motion analysis in this study was a useful tool for assessing the upper extremity function in different subgroups of people with stroke during the door handling task. These kinematic variables may help clinicians understand the arm movements in door handling task and consist of discriminative therapeutic interventions for stroke patients on upper extremity rehabilitation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 1999.07a
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• pp.203-203
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• 1999

Mass spectrometry technique provides the molecular weight distribution, data on the sequence of repeat units, polymer additives, and impurities, and structural information. time-of-Flight secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) has been used for structural characterization of various polymers1-2. the masses of repeat units and terminal groups and molecular weight distributions of polymers have been determined from their TOF-SIMS spectra. TOF-SMIS provides good sensitivity and structural specificity for high mass ions so that intact oligomers and large polymer fragments are observed. In this study, we investigated the detailed structural information on the oligomers and fragment ions of branched poly(1,3-butylene adipate) and branched poly[di(ethylene glycol) adipate] and the transesterification products of branched polyesters with trifluoroacetic acid or chloro difluoroacetic acid. Branched polyesters were chosen because they are important polymers but difficult to characterize; thus branched polyesters provide challanging test for TOF-SIMS. TOF-SIMS spectra of polyesters are obtained from thin polymer films cast from solution on a silver substrate. A good solvent for a polumer solution disrupts intermolecular forces between polymer chains but leaves the polumer intact. Transesterification reactions are potentially useful for characterization of high molecular weight and intractable polyesters. Transesterification products of polyesters and trifluoroacetic acid or an integral number of polyester repeat units and an additional diol. The progress of such reactions was monitored using peak intensities of reactants and products in TOF-SIMS spectra. The increasing abundance of tagged ions indicates that the reaction has progressed with time.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.67-75
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• 2017

Purpose: This study is for the facility eligibility and improvement evaluation analysis for the patient care environment of 7 facilities which has national inpatient isolation units. Methods: For the evaluation, first of all, the patient care environment of national inpatient isolation units are scrutinized by the checklist which is used on from 2014 with the 4 fields of criteria : architectural planning and layout, general requirement and condition for operating the negative pressured isolated patient room, HVAC system, and waste water discharging system. Finally, the evaluation results are compared with that of 2014. Results: The result shows that the average value of facility eligibility is 89.3 percent and which is 8.9 percent higher than the value before the MERS occurred. Implications: It is clear that facility remodeling of 7 institutions is being performed continuously, and the result of facility eligibility evaluation is reflected on design of a new 21 national inpatient isolation units those are going to be constructed from 2016. Therefore, it is expected that this study is used as a practical reference to establish the criteria of patient care environment management and safety management for both infectious disease outbreak and general service condition.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.647-660
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of nutrition education program and pamphlet for the lower grades elementary students focused on individual daily needed food exchange units using Food Exchange System. Program consisted of four lessons (40 min/lesson), "5 major nutrients & function", "6 food group and sources", "daily needed food exchange units for normal body weight", and "smart snack choice and exercise". Pamphlet as activity book was developed for the program. The subjects were 3rd grade elementary students (educated group, 31 vs. non-educated group, 31). Educated group were lessoned as group and/or individual. We examined the differences in nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes, dietary intakes and satisfaction of the program and pamphlet. In educated group, there were positive improvements on nutrition knowledge score "function and foods of 5 nutrients" and on dietary attitudes "type of breakfast and snacks". In the evaluation of dietary intakes according to KDRI, there were positive improvements on intakes level of riboflavin, vit. C, folate, Ca, P, Fe and Zn in educated group. In satisfaction with the program and pamphlet, contents, font size, visual, figure, difficulty and program curriculum were over 2.90/3.0. It showed that the developed nutrition education program and pamphlet focused on individual daily needed food exchange units using Food Exchange System improved nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes and nutrients intake level in the lower grades elementary students.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

Korea government published renewable energy obligation policy that public building must be supplied some part of total consumption energy (2019: 27%, 2020: 30%). RETScreen is freely available global energy tool that developed by Canadian National Energy Laboratory to quantify energy saving to compare conventional system. This program can be performed energy modeling, cost analysis, greenhouse gas emission analysis and financial analysis. In this study, GSHP (Ground source heat pump) heating and cooling system were studied for the energy deliverly and ROI (Return On Investment) in an office building. Three cases were studied according to the number of HP (Heat pump) units for the 1,000㎡ office building located in Daejeon. Results indicated that the energy delivery of the case 1 (1 HP unit) covered 57% of the office building heating and cooling energy consumption. The case 2 (2 HP units) covered 87.8% and the case 3 (3 HP units) covered 96.8% of the office building energy consumption. The ROI of the case 1 indicated 7.9 years. While 8.2 years for the case 2 and 9.7 years for the case 3.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.18-31
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze literature related to nursing team effectiveness and to summarize the definition variables included, measurement tools, and findings. Basic data on operation and research for team effectiveness in nursing units was sought. Methods: A literature search was performed to identify all studies published between 2003 and 2016 from periodicals indexed in PUBMED, CINAHL, SCIENCE DIRECT, RISS, KISS, and NAL databases. The following keywords were used in the search: 'team effectiveness', 'nurse', 'nursing', and 'hospital'. Ten studies were analyzed. Results: The analysis included domestic and international literature on nursing team effectiveness. The foreign literature included studies of various organizations including nurses, use of various research tools, leadership programs and/or new nursing delivery systems. In the Korean studies, most of the research on team effectiveness surveyed nurses on team satisfaction, team commitment, and team performance in general nursing units, operating rooms, and intensive care units. Conclusion: The findings show the necessity to develop a definition of team effectiveness that can be accepted comprehensively in nursing organizations in Korea. The definition should reflect team effectiveness that includes all cooperating units not only nurses of the nursing unit but also all other related health care teams.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.137-146
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to analyze the planning concept and spatial characteristics of the multi-housing units in prize-wining works of design competition since 2007. Literature review and content analysis were used for this study and 199units over $59m^2$ were analyzed to review the planning concept, spatial composition and layout. The results of this study were as follows; 1)The planning concept of these units were divided into three aspects; that is, eco-friendly, rational and sustainable unit plan by means of functional, environmental-friendly and future-oriented aspects. 2)Most unit plans had 3LDK+2bath and 4Bay types including family room as a public space. This results shows that family-room and bathroom has recently become more important than number of rooms in multi-housing units planning. 2)In terms of the spatial composition of LDK and Master Bed room, LDK area become large, open type and master-zone were showed 'bed room+dress and powder room+bath' type. 3)The entrance has a intermediated space as a balcony or a former space and the privacy of LDK space was protected from the entrance. This study has a significant moaning on grasping current trend in Korean multi-housing and to provide Information for future direction on housing-unit design.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.432-442
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• 2000

In this study, the contents of 'electric current' and 'battery' units in elementary and middle school science textbooks were analyzed on the basis of particle and energy concepts. Many problems, reported previously on students' misconceptions about those area, were found in science textbooks. Electric current and battery were covered in both physics and chemistry parts of science textbooks. However, the lack of particle concept in physics units and the lack of energy concept in chemistry units seemed to make it difficult for students to learn those concepts. The descriptions about the two concepts were also not consistent even in the same discipline units. In order to solve these problems, the integration of the views on the particulate nature of matter and energy in the science curriculum and reconstruction of science textbooks were needed.