• 한국주거학회논문집
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.129-137
• /
• 2000

This study is about the difference of South and East facing Cooling load of Apartment s Houses using Dynamic Heat-flow Calculation. Therefore, the purpose of this study is come in to use Material for the Thermal Environments of Apartment Houses. The results of the analysis are below. (1) For the peak load of degree hour; The highest is "I" unit and the next high load is H, F, E, C, B, G, D and A unit for the south facing Apartment houses. The higher load is "H" unit and the next high load is I, E, F, B, C, G, D, A Unit for the east facing Apartment houses. (2) For the total load of degree day; The highest load is "I" unit and the next high load is H, G, F, E, C, B, D and A Unit for the south facing Apartment houses. The highest load is "H" unit and the next high load is I, G, E, F, B, C, D, A Unit for the east facing Apartment houses. (3) For the total load of degree day; The highest load is "H" Unit for the east facing Apartment houses and the Lowest load is "A" Unit for the south facing Apartment houses.is "A" Unit for the south facing Apartment houses.nt houses.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.498-503
• /
• 2005

Turbine Load Set Motor장치는 노후화 된 화력 발전소에서 출력 부하를 결정하는 중요한 장치로서, Motor를 가변하면서 발전 출력 부하를 조정하게 된다. 이러한 종래 발전시스템에서는 Set Up Range를 운영자가 수동으로 조작한 Set Up값에 따라 Motor를 회전시키게 되며, Motor를 포함한 내부적 동작에 의해서 발전 출력 부하 결정이 이루어지게 된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 수동적으로 출력부하를 작동되는 Turbine Motor Drive Unit를 대처할 수 있는 Digital Drive Unit 장치를 개발하여 기존 Turbine Load Set Motor 성능을 지닐 수 있는 장비를 구현한다. 또한 구현한 Digital Drive Unit을 바탕으로 발전 출력 부하를 결정하는 기본 기능을 기존 Motor Drive Unit과 연결하여 작동될 수 있도록 제어 알고리즘 구현과 구현된 제어 시스템을 통해 기존 Turbine Load Set Motor Drive와 연결 가능성을 확인한다.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.68-76
• /
• 2007

As an alternative approach to evaluate the unit heating load for apartment houses, we newly developed and proposed unit building method. The new method, which calculates the heating load of an apartment building as a whole, conceptually corresponds to integral analysis of building heat loss, while the existing unit apartment method to differential analysis. Four typical building models of Korean-style apartment house and two dynamic load calculation programs were selected to validate the present method under realistically imposed conditions. Eight sets of unit heating load calculated respectively by unit building and unit apartment methods showed excellent agreements regardless of building model and simulation program. It is expected that the unit building method can take the place of the unit apartment method due to fewer modeling assumptions as well as less computational efforts. Additional calculations to investigate the effects of various parameters on unit heating load yield good consistencies with known facts, and re-confirm the validity.

• 한국농공학회지
• /
• 제44권2호
• /
• pp.136-147
• /
• 2002

Characteristics of unit loads of pollutants were investigated at a paddy fields area(Soro-ri) with large-scaled plots on loam soil during irrigation seasons of 1999 ∼2000. The average irrigation requirement of experimental paddy area are estimated at over 3,000 mm. The unit loads of pollutants in paddy fields area are determined by subtracting irrigation water load from outflow load (percolated and surface outflow loads). Surface outflow load in rainy days was calculated using the relationships of discharge and load, which are grouped into fertilizing and non-fertilizing periods. The ratios of the surface outflow load in rainy days to the total surface outflow load are 16.4% for T-N, 26.8% for T-P, and 23.3% far CODc,. The unit loads of pollutants show month-to-month and year-to-year variations, and monthly unit load of pollutants can show negative values, indicating that the paddy area acts as the pollutants sink. The average unit loads of the pollutants during irrigation seasons were estimated at 18.2 kg/ha fur T-N, 0.31 kg/ha for T-P, and 43.3 kg/ha for CODc,, which are smaller than the reported values for Kosei area in Japan.

• 농촌계획
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.39-48
• /
• 2017

National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER) has proposed new methodology for estimating unit load in order to overcome the limitations of past unit load based on short-term and local area based data. In the case of agricultural land, however, the results presented by NIER are still limited because of various agricultural activities and farmland characteristics. In this study, liquid manure treated paddy field and organic farming upland were selected for considering agricultural diversity. Four different methods for evaluating unit load were used for comparing previous research results. The results of different methods presented various trends compared with those of existing studies. Paddy field treated liquid manure was 1.3 times higher for T-N load and 3.1 times for T-P load than conventional paddy field. Conventional upland was 4.4 times higher for T-N load and 1.8 times higher for T-P load than organic farming upland. In the case of non-conventional farmland, this study showed different values with the unit loads presented by NIER. This implies that it is necessary to review and apply the unit loads considering various agricultural conditions when establishing environmental policy and rural planning.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제25권6호
• /
• pp.849-854
• /
• 2009

Pollutant unit load (unit-load) reported by Ministry of Environment (MOE) in 1995 has been a useful method for watershed management and environmental policy decision. The unit-load has been estimated using effective rainfall ratio method. However, reliability of unit-load determined by the method has been criticized especially for paddy field and upland conditions. In this paper the unit-load of paddy field estimated by effective rainfall ratio method was compared with continuous monitoring data. Annual loads was simulated by the method choosing 5~6 storm events randomly from whole events collected. Probability distribution of difference between results by the method and measured data was investigated. The results showed that unit-load derived by the method was generally lesser than measured unit-load and showed wide variations. Therefore, unit-load estimation of paddy fields by effective rainfall ratio method need caution.

• 한국농공학회논문집
• /
• 제61권3호
• /
• pp.15-22
• /
• 2019

In order to preserve water environment, Total Maximum Daily Load(TMDL) is used to manage the total amount of pollutant from various sources, and the annual average load of source is calculated by the unit load method. Determination of the unit load requires reliable data accumulation and analysis based on a reasonable estimation method. In this study, we propose a revised unit load estimation method by analyzing the unit load calculation procedure of National Institute of Environment Research(NIER) method. Both methods were tested using observed runoff ratio and water quality data of rice paddy fields. The estimated values with the respective NIER and revised NIER methods were highly correlated each other. However, the Event Mean Concentration(EMC) and the runoff ratio considered in the NIER method appeared to be influenced by rainfall classes, and the difference in unit load increases as the runoff and EMC increase. The error can be further increased when the EMC and runoff ratio are changed according to changes in rainfall patterns by climate change and change of agricultural activities. Therefore, it is recommended to calculate unit load by applying the revised NIER method reflecting the non point pollution runoff characteristics for different rainfall classes.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국건축시공학회 2014년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
• /
• pp.220-221
• /
• 2014

Recently It has been required the research for the load of transport of the unit module to secure the safety of the transport locking device. So the purpose of this study is to analyze the probability distribution of the load of transport of unit modular when transporting unit modular by vehicle.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국건축시공학회 2015년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
• /
• pp.200-201
• /
• 2015

The unit modular method is one in which unit modules are prefabricated at a factory and then constructed at a construction site. That is why an important process, transporting unit module, is added in this method. The purpose of this study is to analyse the load for transporting unit module. The results of the analysis of the driving experimental runs revealed that a maximum load of 15 kN was applied on adapter block type A and a maximum load of 25 kN on adapter block type B. These loads were recorded at the points in the road test when the low-bed trailer was driving through unstable sections of the test such as stopping, restarting, passing over a speed bump or taking a left turn at speed.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국건축시공학회 2015년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
• /
• pp.146-147
• /
• 2015

This paper compares load behavior of two fixing equipments for transporting unit modules. The suggested fixing equipment shows higher limit load than an existing fixing equipment, which proves that the suggested fixing equipment have higher safety.