• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.104-112
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• 1998

목적 : 다양한 두개강내 질환을 가진 환자들을 대상으로 확산강조영상을 시행하여 병변의 신호강도를 분석함으로써 확산강조영상의 임상적 유용성을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 전향적으로 무작위 추출하여 확산강조영상을 시행한 70명의 환자(급성 뇌경색 20명, 만성 뇌경색 또는 소혈관 질환 21명, 두개강내 원발성 종양 14명, 뇌전이 3명, 뇌종양 5명, 뇌혈종 5명, 퇴행중의 유구낭미충 1명, 유피낭종 1명)를 대상으로 하였다. 확산강조영상은 1.5T 장치를 사용하여, single shot spin echo EPI 기법을 사용하여, 6500ms TR, 107ms TE, $128{\times}128$ matrix, 1 number of excitation, $24{\times}24{\;}cm$ field of view, 5-7mm slice thickness, 2-3 mm inter-slice gap으로, x, y, z 세방향으로 확산경사자기($b=1000s{\;}/{\;}textrm{mm}^2$)를 가하여 얻었다. 병변의 신호강도의 평가는 정성적인 분석에서는 병변의 신호강도를 임의의 5단계로 구분하여 분석하였고, 정량적 분석에서는 ROI(region of interest)를 이요하여 병변의 신호강도를 측정하여, 반대쪽 정상 뇌실질에서 얻은 신호강도와의 상대적 신호강도비를 구하였다. 결과 : 정성적 분석에서 매우 높은 신호강도를 보인 병변은 모든 예의 급성 뇌경색, 뇌농양, 유피낭종, 그리고 퇴행성 유구낭미충의 낭성 병변이었다. 뇌혈종은 모든 예에서 병변내에 매우 높은 신호강도와 낮은 신호강도가 혼재되어 있었다. 1명의 종양환자에서는 고형성 부분에 국소적인 매우 높은 신호강도가 보였다. 이들 병변 각각의 뇌실질에 대한 평균 신호 강도비는 모두 2.5 이상이엇다. 정성적 분석에서 죄실질과 같은 정도의 신호강도를 보인 경우는 실경교증(71%), 뇌종양의 고형성 부분(64%), 뇌전이 (100%), 혈관성 부종(67%)이었으며, 이들 병변의 뇌실질에 대한 평균 신호강도비는 1.15에서 1.28로 서로간에 의미있는 차이는 없었다.(p>0.1). 매우 낮거나 약간 낮은 신호강도를 보인 경우는 낭성 뇌연화증과 종양내 괴사로서, 평균 신호강도비는 각각 0.45와 0.42였다. 결론 : 급성 뇌경색, 뇌농양, 유피낭종, 퇴행중의 유구낭미충은 확산강조영상에서 매우 높은 신호강도를 보여, 다른 실환과의 감별 진단에 유용할 것으로 생각되며, 특히 뇌농양과 괴사나 낭성 부분을 포함한 뇌종양과의 감별에 많은 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 1993

미국의 샌디에고광산에서 산출되는 분홍색이나 무색의 전기석과 산지가 알려지지 않은 브라질산의 청색 내지 녹색을 띄는 전기석 그리고 국내의 학산, 운천 광산에서 산출되는 흑갈색 전기석들의 화학적 성분과 광물 흡수 분광학적 특성을 연구하기 위하여 X선 회절기, 전자 현미 분석기, 광학적 흡수 분광분석 및 열 처리 실험 등을 이용하였다. 최소 자승법을 활용하여 단위포 크기를 구하면, 흑갈색 전기석 경우 a = 15.96-16.01 ${\AA}$, c = 7.15-7.16 ${\AA}$이며, 분홍색 전기석은 a = 15.82 - 15.87 ${\AA}, c = 7.09 - 7.10 ${\AA}$이며, 청색/녹색 전기석은 a = 15.88 - 15.94 ${\AA}$, c = 7.12 - 7.15 ${\AA}$이다. 전기석 광물들이 여러가지 다양한 색을 띄는 주요한 원인은 전이 원소들에 의한 것이다. 분홍색은 망간 3가, 청색 내지 녹색은 철 2가와 망간 2가, 청녹색은 구리 2가, 흑갈색은 철 2가, 철 2가 - 철 3가, 그리고 철 2가 - 티타늄 4가에 의해 색을 띄게 된다. 분홍색 전기석 경우, 망간 3가는 압축된 Y자리에서 O(1)H-O(3)H 축을 따라 쟌-텔러 변형으로 안정한 구조를 가지게 된다. 전기석 광물들을 고온으로 열처리하면, 일반적으로 분홍색 혹은 빨간색을 띄는 전기석들은 무색으로 변색이 되며, 청녹색은 녹청색으로 색상이 변하며, 황녹색 같은 경우는 일부 샘플들만 옅은 녹색으로 바뀌는 모습이 관찰되었다. 엘바이트-흑전기석 계에서는 철과 망간의 함량에 따라 색의 누대구조가 나타난다. 녹색 영역에서는 철의 함량이 높으며 분홍색 영역에서는 망간의 함량이 높다. 망간은 황색이나 무색 영역에서 보다 짙은 황색 영역에서 증가한다.났다.억제물질로 작용할 때 $K_i$값과 억제양상이 측정되었는데 모두 경쟁적 방해를 보였다. $K_i$값은 10mM 인산완충용액에서 측정한 것이 100 mM 인산완충용액에서 측정한 것보다 훨씬 낮아 인산기가 기질이 아니어도 효소의 부착에 큰 영향을 미치는 것을 보여주고 있다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제108권2호
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• pp.177-188
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• 2019

대구광역시의 대표적 도시숲인 앞산공원을 대상으로 1997년과 2016년에 식물사회학적 방법으로 식생조사를 실시하고 상관 우점종에 의한 정밀식생도를 작성하여 산림식생의 조성, 구조 및 공간적 분포 변화 경향을 분석하였다. 분석결과, 식생유형의 개수는 1997년과 2016년 모두 22개로 동일하였으나 그 구성 종류에 있어서는 2개 유형이 증가하고 2개 유형은 감소하였다. 산림식생 구성종의 단위면적당($/100m^2$) 총피도는 1997년 약 163%에서 2016년 약 182%로 약 11%가 증가하였으며, 자연식생이 인공식생에 비하여 두 배 이상 높은 경향이었다. 평균 출현종수는 1997년 약 25종에서 2016년 약 18종으로 7종이 감소하였다. 종다양도(H')는 1997년 1.654에서 2016년 1.680으로 미미하게 증가하였으나, 종우점도(D)는 1997년 0.304에서 2016년 0.276으로 약 9%가 감소하였다. 전체 산림식생의 구성적 유사도는 약 78%로 종구성적 특성이 거의 동일한 것으로 나타났으며, 생활형 조성은 1997년 '$G-R_5-D_4-e$'에서 2016년 '$MM-R_5-D_4-e$'로 휴면형의 중심형이 과거 지중식물(G)에서 대형지상식물(MM)로 변화된 경향이었다. 산림식생의 공간 분포 면적은 인공식생이 자연식생에 비해 약 4배 이상 높은 감소율을 보였다. 산림경관 요소(패치)의 개수는 1997년 269개에서 2016년 294개로 약 9%가 증가한 반면, 그 평균 크기는 1997년 5.8 ha에서 2016년 5.1 ha로 약 12%가 감소된 경향이었다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제28권5B호
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• pp.595-601
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 전국 140여개 가구를 대상으로 실측 조사한 자료를 바탕으로 가정용수의 용도별 사용량을 도출함으로써 상 하수도시설설계에 활용할 수 있는 원단위를 제시하고, 용도별 사용특성분석, 영향인자 평가 등을 통하여 가정용수의 변동특성을 이해하고 향후 사용경향을 예측할 수 있는 정보를 제공하고자 하였다. 전국 140가구를 대상으로 약 3여년간 실측한 결과, 가정용수의 총사용량은 165.8 lpcd였으며, 각 용도별 사용량은 세면용수 15.4 lpcd(10%), 욕조용수 24.7 lpcd(16%), 싱크대용수 29.7 lpcd(19%), 세탁기용수 30.8 lpcd(20%), 변기용수 38.5 lpcd(25%), 기타용수 13.5 lpcd(9%)순으로 나타났다. 가정용수 중에서 변기용수의 사용량이 가장 많은 것으로 나타났으며, 베란다, 정원용수 등이 포함된 기타용수의 경우 사용빈도가 일정하지 않고 사용량의 편차도 심하여 변동계수와 표준편차가 가장 크게 나타났다. 가정용수의 용도별 사용량을 미국, 영국 가정과 비교한 결과, 기타용수와 실외용수를 제외하고는 미국의 실내용수 사용량과 비율이 우리나라와 매우 유사한 특성을 보였다. 가정에서 물사용에 기초한 생활양식이 미국과 유사하게 변화되고 있음을 간접적으로 보여준 결과이다. 또한 1985년에 서울에서 조사된 용도별 사용량과 금번결과를 비교한 결과, 목욕, 변기, 세탁, 취사용수의 총량은 23 l가 증가하였으며, 특히 세면과 욕조용수를 합산한 목욕용수가 27 l에서 40 l로 크게 늘어났고, 세탁용수도 17 l나 늘어났다. 생활양식이 서구화되면서 가정에서의 목욕, 사워문화가 점차 확산되고 대용량 세탁기의 보급이 늘어난 것 등이 영향을 미쳤을 것으로 추측되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.56-64
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• 1995

오늘날 우리사회가 맞고 있는 가치관의 변화, 도덕성의 불괴와 더불어 가정폭력은 중대한 사회문제로 대두되고 있는 실정이다. 흔히 문제가 되는 가정 폭력으로는 배우자학대, 아동학대, 노인학대, 근친상간등을 들수있는데 특히 근친상간은 그 문제의 은폐성으로 인하여 정확한 발생빈도조차 파악되지 않고 있다는점이 그 심각성을 더해주고 있다. 그러나 아동에 대한 성적학대의 한 형태인 근친상간이 높은 빈도로 발생하고 있다는 사실은 여러문헌을 통하여 간접적으로 알려진 사실이다. 근친상간은 매우 역기능적인 가족관계에서 유발되며 이러한 환경에서 성장한 자녀가 성인이 된후 그들의 자녀를 성적으로 학대하는 경향이 높다는 악순환성에서 그 심각성을 엿볼수 있다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 근친상간 경험청소년의 성격적특성, 근친상간 발생 가정내 가족원의 성격적특성과 정신병력 유무 및 근친상간발생 가정의 가족역동을 알아보기 위함이다. 연구방법은 설문지와 면담을 통한 측정조사연구로써 조사대상자는 중학교 1학년에서 고등학교 3학년까지 재학중인 학생청소년 1,237명과 소년원, 분류심사원에 재원중인 비행분류심사원, 범죄 청소년 601명중 불충분한 응답자 142명을 제외한 1,696명을 대상으로 하였다. 조사결과 전체 연구대상자중 근친상간경험비율은 3.7%였으며 근친상간유형별로는 형제-자매간 근친상간유형이 1.6%로 가장 높았다. 근친상간경험 청소년의 성격특성은 근친상간비경험 청소년에 비해 미숙하고, 융통서이 적으며, 의사표현력의 결여, 충동적, 학업성적의 저조와 긴장, 불안 및 의존적 성향을 보여주었으며 가족원중에도 우울증환자, 알코올중독자, 정신병력자 및 범법행위자등이 많았다. 또한 근친상간발생 가정의 가족역동은 근친상간이 발생하지 않은 가정의 가족역동에 비해 매우 역기능적이었음을 알수 있었다. 즉 근친상간 발생 가정의 가정분위기는 매우 불안정하였으며, 자녀에 대한 부모의 거부적 태도, 가족원간의 불화, 원만하지 않은 부부관계등을 보여주었다.로 나타났으며, 특히 LNNB-C의 지적 과정 척도(C11)와 FSIQ간에 가장 높은 부적 상관을 보여주었다. 이러한 절과들은 모두 뇌손상을 진단하는 신경심리 검사로서 한국판 LNNB-C의 타당도 및 진단 변별력이 우수함을 입증해주는 결과라 할 수 있다.形 父母平定尺度)(CAPRS), 아동행동조사표(兒童行動調査表) 및 연속과제수행(連續課題遂行)에서 호전을 보였고, 투여 2개월후에서도 같은 양상의 호전을 보였으며, 또한 아동행동조사표(兒童行動調査表)에서 외향성(外向性)은 물론 소통불능(疏通不能)${\cdot}$사회적위축(社會的萎縮)${\cdot}$과잉행동(過剩行動)${\cdot}$공격성(攻擊性)${\cdot}$비행요인(非行要因)에서도 호전양상을 보였다. 이와같은 결과는 이 두 약물이 모두 주의력(注意力)과 인지기능(認知機能)을 증진시키기는 하였으나, 보다 뚜렷한 변화는 methylphenidate 투여후에 볼 수 있었다. 특히 methylphenidate투여후 연속과제수행(連續課題遂行)에서 민감도(敏感度)와 반응오류수(反應誤謬數)의 호전이 있었으나 반응기준(反應基準)에는 변화가 없었다는 소견, 그리고 단기기억수행(短期記憶遂行)에서의 호전과 '같은 그림 찾기' 검사의 오류수(誤謬數)에서 변화가 없었다는 소견은 methylphenidate가 훈기요인(勳機要因)의 호전에 의한 이차적인 변화에 의한 것이 아니라 주의집중력(注意集中力)에 직접적으로 효과를 나타내는 것으로 해석할 수 있었다. 또한 이같은 소견으로 주의력결핍(注意力缺乏)${\cdot}$과잉운동장애환아(過剩運動障碍患兒)에서의 충동성(衝動性)은 이 장애의 중심증상이 아니거나, 이들 약물투여에 의해 호전되지 않거나, 호전의 측정에 문제가 있을 수도 있겠다. 마지막으로 주의력결핍(注意力缺乏)${\cdot}$과잉운동장애(過剩運動障碍)에서 과잉행동(過剩行動)과

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.327-340
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• 2002

거세한우 송아지 24두(평균체중 : 167.7kg)를 대상으로 점토광물 종류에 따라 4개 처리(T1 : 관행사육, T2 : Kaolinite, T3 : Bentonite, T4 : Illite)를 두어 6개월령부터 24개월령까지 비육시험 한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 일당증체량은 육성기, 비육전기, 비육후기 및 전기간에 각각 0.682-0.713, 0.669-0.714, 0.690-0.840 및 0.699-0.756kg으로, 육성기 및 비육전기에는 관행구가, 비육후기 및 전기간에는 점토광물구가 높았으며, 특히 Illite 및 Bentonite구가 높았지만 통계적인 유의차는 없었다. 1kg 증체에 소요된 농후사료 및 TDN 량도 각각 관행사육구에 비해 점토광물 급여구가 적었으며, 점토광물 중에서 특히 Bentonite 급여구가 적게 소요되었지만 통계적인 유의차는 없었다. 도체조사 결과 도체율, 정육율 및 거래정육율 등은 처리구에 따른 뚜렷한 차이가 없었으나, 육량지수는 T3, T2, T4 및 T1에서 각각 69.3, 68.9, 68.8 및 68.6이었고, 근내지방도는 T3, T2, T4 및 T1에서 각각 5.1, 4.6, 4.4 및 3.3 이었으며, 쇠고기의 전단력은 3.51-6.02kg/$cm^2$으로 점토광물 급여가 육량 및 육질을 모두 개선시키며, 다즙성, 연도, 향미 등 관능검사의 구성요소 모두를 개선시키는 것으로 나타났다. 쇠고기의 지방산 구성에서 포화지방산은 T2, T3, T1 및 T4의 순으로 높았고, 반대로 단일 불포화지방산은 T4, T3, T1 및 T2 순으로 높았으며, 오레인산 함량은 Illite 급여구가 다른 급여구보다 높은 것으로 나타났지만, 통계적인 유의차는 없었다. 쇠고기의 아미노산 구성에서 필수아미노산의 함량은 T1, T2, T3 및 T4의 순으로 높아 점토광물 급여가 쇠고기의 필수아미노산에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났으며, 사골 분석결과 점토광물 급여구에서 곰탕의 탁도 및 점도가 높고 짙은 색상을 띄었으며, 미량광물질 중 P, Na 및 Mg의 함량이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 경제성분석 결과, 처리구별 소득은 967.1～1,524.1천원/두이었고, 점토광물 급여가 무급여에 비해 23.7-57.6%가 증가하였으며, 특히 Bentonite 및 Illite의 효과가 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 이상과 같은 결과들을 종합해 볼 때 점토광물은 경제형질과 관련, 특정요소를 집중적으로 개선시키지는 않지만, 육량 및 육질 등 생산성과 관련된 요소들을 골고루 개선시켜 소득을 증대시키므로, 비육전기부터 출하시까지 농후사료 급여량의 2% 내외를 급여하는 것이 바람직 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.161-177
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• 2019

질의응답 시스템은 크게 사용자의 질의를 분석하는 방법인 질의 분석과 문서 내에서 적합한 정답을 추출하는 방법인 정답 추출로 이루어지며, 두 방법에 대한 다양한 연구들이 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 문장의 의존 구문 분석 결과를 이용하여 질의응답 시스템 내 정답 추출의 성능 향상을 위한 연구를 진행한다. 정답 추출의 성능을 높이기 위해서는 문장의 문법적인 정보를 정확하게 반영할 필요가 있다. 한국어의 경우 어순 구조가 자유롭고 문장의 구성 성분 생략이 빈번하기 때문에 의존 문법에 기반한 의존 구문 분석이 적합하다. 기존에 의존 구문 분석을 질의응답 시스템에 반영했던 연구들은 구문 관계 정보나 구문 형식의 유사도를 정의하는 메트릭을 사전에 정의해야 한다는 한계점이 있었다. 또 문장의 의존 구문 분석 결과를 트리 형태로 표현한 후 트리 편집 거리를 계산하여 문장의 유사도를 계산한 연구도 있었는데 이는 알고리즘의 연산량이 크다는 한계점이 존재한다. 본 연구에서는 구문 패턴에 대한 정보를 사전에 정의하지 않고 정답 후보 문장을 그래프로 나타낸 후 그래프 정보를 효과적으로 반영할 수 있는 Graph2Vec을 활용하여 입력 자질을 생성하였고, 이를 정답 추출모델의 입력에 추가하여 정답 추출 성능 개선을 시도하였다. 의존 그래프를 생성하는 단계에서 의존 관계의 방향성 고려 여부와 노드 간 최대 경로의 길이를 다양하게 설정하며 자질을 생성하였고, 각각의 경우에 따른 정답추출 성능을 비교하였다. 본 연구에서는 정답 후보 문장들의 신뢰성을 위하여 웹 검색 소스를 한국어 위키백과, 네이버 지식백과, 네이버 뉴스로 제한하여 해당 문서에서 기존의 정답 추출 모델보다 성능이 향상함을 입증하였다. 본 연구의 실험을 통하여 의존 구문 분석 결과로 생성한 자질이 정답 추출 시스템 성능 향상에 기여한다는 것을 확인하였고 해당 자질을 정답 추출 시스템뿐만 아니라 감성 분석이나 개체명 인식과 같은 다양한 자연어 처리 분야에 활용 될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
• /
• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
• /
• pp.17-17
• /
• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.129-177
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• 1970

수도작에 있어서 수량성의 향상과 경영의 합리화률 기하기 위한 집단재배의 기술체계를 확립하고자 지역과 지대별로 임의선정된 18개소에서 집단재배와 개별재배를 한 수도에 대하여 경종 및 생육ㆍ수량구성요소의 변이를 조사연구하였으며 460개소의 집단재배와 개별재배에 대하여 경종ㆍ경영 및 조직운영등을 비교조사하고 집단재배와 개별재배의 경제성을 분석하여 그 결과를 요약하면 아래와 같다. 1. 집단재배와 개별재배의 경종 및 생육ㆍ수량형질에 관하여 연구한 결과는 다음과 같다. (1) 육묘에 있어서 집단재배가 비료의 3요소 특히 인산과 가리의 사용량이 많았고 약제살포의 횟수도 많았다. (2) 본답에 있어서의 경종기술은 집단재배가 개별재배보다 ${\circled1}$ 이앙기가 빨랐고 ${\circled2}$ 재식밀도에 있어서 1주당 재식묘수는 적으나 단위면적당의 포기수는 많으며 \circled3 시비량은 질소, 인산, 가리 및 퇴비의 시용량이 현저히 많았고 ${\circled4}$ 분시횟수도 많았으며 ${\circled5}$ 살충제 및 살균제의 살포횟수도 역시 집단재배에서 많았다. (3) 도북의 정도는 집단재배가 약간 더 하였고 병해충의 발생정도는 잎도열병, 목도열병 그리구 멸구, 이화명충 1화기 및 2화기의 발생이 집단재배가 적었다. (4) 집단재배를 한 수도의 간장 및 수장은 길고 고중도 무거웠다. 그리고 조고비율은 집단재배에 있어서 80.9%, 개별재배가 69.9%로서 높은 유의차가 있었다. (5) 수량구성요소인 수수와 1수평균영화수가 집단재배에서 현저히 많았고 현미 1000립중도 무거웠으며 등숙율은 개별농가의 벼와 차이가 없었고 그 변이계수는 집단재배가 개별재배에 비하여 모두 작은 값을 보였다. (6) 현미수량은 평균 10a당 집단재배 459.0kg, 개별재배 374.8kg으로서 84.2kg이나 전자가 많았으며 그들간의 변이계수는 집단재배에서 작게 나타났다. (7) 기간재배기술과 수량구성요소의 상관관계에 있어서 고도의 유의상관을 보인 것은 파종기와 1수영화수, 못자리 약제살포횟수와 1수영화수, 이앙기와 1수영화수, 본답의 인산시용량과 수량, 본답의 가리시용량과 등숙율, 분시횟수와 수량등에서 정(+)상관을 보였고 파종기와 등숙율간에는 부(-)상관을 보였다. 2. 집단재배와 개별재배의 경종\ulcorner경영 및 조직운영에 대하여 종합적으로 조사비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. (1) 집단재배의 품종수는 13개이고 개별재배에서는 47품종으로서 개별재배가 품종의 단순화를 기하지 못하고 있다. (2) 육묘기술에 있어서 비료3요소 특히 인산과 가리의 시용량이 많았고 약제살포횟수가 많다는 것은 1ㆍ의 실험결과와 같으며 이밖에 집단재배의 경우에는 종자소특이 100% 실시되었으며 파종량도 3.3$m^2$당 표준파종량인 3.6～5.4이 파종이 많이 실시되었으나 개별재배에서는 박파와 밀파가 많아 파종량의 변이가 컸었다. (3) 이앙기, 재식밀도, 병충해방제, 약제살포횟수, 시비량 및 분시횟수등은 1.의 결과와 같으며 추경 및 객토와 동력경운기의 사용은 집단재배에서 많았으며 이앙방식은 종전의 정방형식에서 극단적인장방형식으로 많이 바뀌었으며 물관리에 있어서는 중각낙수와 간단관수가 비교적 많이 실시되었다. (4) 현미수량은 평균 10a당 집단재배가 466kg이고 개별재배는 380kg으로서 전자가 86kg 많았다. (5) 병충해방제작업이 집단재배에서 집단방제로 많이 실시되었고 종자소독도 80% 이상의 공동으로 이루어 졌으며 수확, 수확물의 운반, 탈곡, 논갈이 작업등도 개별재배에서 보다 많이 공동으로 이루어졌다. (6) 집단재배에서 객토 및 퇴비의 사용이 현저히 많았으며 그 작업도 공동으로 이루어진 비율이 높고 또한 노동력의 투입도 많았다. (7) 육묘 및 본답의 물관리작업은 집단재배가 개별재배보다 노동력의 투입이 적었다. (8) 비료, 농약 및 노동력등의 비용가액은 집단재배가 개별재배보다 많았으며 약 2배에 가까웠다. (9) 경영규모는 3ha로부터 7ha 이상의 범위에 있으며 5ha내외의 것이 많았고 1개소의 집단재배는 10～20개 정도의 필지로 되어있는 것이 대부분이었다. (10) 경영자 및 경작자의 학력은 집단재배의 회장, 재배반장, 방제반장 및 수리반장 모두 국민학교졸업 이상이 93.7%이며 개별재배는 83%를 보였고 그들의 연령은 40～45세가 가장 많으며 이러한 경향은 양자가 비슷하였다. (11) 집단재배의 운영에 관한 주요설문에 대한 경작자들의 반응은 집단재배를 함으로서 확실히 수량은 증가하였는데 이것은 시비법개선과 병충해방제의 효과가 가장 컸다고 생각하는 사람이 많았고 집단재배를 함으로서 영농자재의 입수와 모든 작업이 적기에 이루어 졌다고 하는 것이 많았다. 또한 경작노력은 적게 들었다는 것이 66.8%이며 이앙노력은 집단재배가 오히려 더 들었다는 것 그리고 관의 간섭이 많았다는 것 등이 특이한 것이며 집단재배의 계속을 원하는 농가가 74.5%이고 원치 않은 농가가 25.5%였었다. 3. 집단재배와 개별재배의 경제성을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. (1) 경영비의 비용가액중 퇴비, 금비, 농약대 및 고용노임은 집단재배에 있어서 개별재배보다 각각 335원, 199원, 388원 및 303원이 더 투입되어 큰 차이를 보였으나 기타생산비목들은 집단재배와 개별재배간에 큰 차이가 없었다. (2) 총수익에서 경영비를 뺀 소득은 집단재배에서 24,302원이였고 개별재배에서는 20,168원으로 집단재배에서 10a당 4,134원의 소득증대를 나타내었다. 본 연구에서 수도집단재배는 새로운 기술의 적용도를 높이고 경영의 합리화를 기하여 안전다수확으로 개개 농가의 소득증대에 기여하였을 뿐만아니라 농민에게 새 기술의 적용이 유익했다는 실증을 보여 줌으로서 농민 스스로의 생산과정에 파급적이며 영속적인 변화를 촉진시킬것이라는 또 하나의 결론을 얻었다.