• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.9-20
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• 2018

There are many large and small spaces in the interior of the building, and these spaces are arranged and connected to form a systematic spatial structure. A structure is a collection of several parts to form a whole. In other words, the spatial structure in architecture can be seen as a whole organized and organized as individual unit spaces are gathered together. Therefore, in order to understand the spatial structure, we first need to define the unit spaces that form part, how they are interconnected and arranged, and then understand how and how these unit spaces are organized to form a whole. The main purpose of this study is to study the structural system of space based on the shape information of space on architectural plane. This means interpreting the process and method of how the unit spaces defined as a certain shape on the architectural plane are organized step by step, integrated into a higher level, and eventually integrated into one whole. In this paper, the shape and layout of the unit space are identified in the architectural plan, the connection relation is defined, and expressed in the network form. And suggests a new methodology for interpreting the organizational process in which the following spaces are integrated as a whole. This new methodology is based on human perceptual characteristics. When people recognize an object, they recognize the object partly and completely. We want to explain the relationship between parts of space and the whole according to their characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 2024

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the logistics industry in Korea has rapidly been expanding, with offline demand concentrating on online platforms owing to the development of digital infrastructure. This has increased the workload of courier drivers considerably, along with labor intensity. A delivery driver died recently from overwork due to the continuous increase in delivery volume, which raises social concerns. Delivery drivers work long hours, (over 12 hours) and are greatly affected by weather conditions, such as snow, rain, heat waves, and cold waves. In addition, they lack a fixed workplace; perform atypical work handling workpieces of various sizes, weights, and shapes; and spend a large amount of time driving as part of their work. This work involves a high level of tension and requires attention and concentration. Despite the frequency of industrial accidents in the courier industry, studies on safety and health to quantitatively analyze and systematize the work of courier workers are very scarce. Therefore, to define the work process necessary for investigating the harmful factors in delivery service and the work analysis, this study conducted interviews and on-site surveys to analyze the unit work of the delivery service by targeting delivery workers. In other words, a framework of unit work for work analysis was presented to enable research and analysis by considering the aforementioned characteristics of the courier industry. The process was broadly divided into work, transport, storage, delay, and inspection. Work was divided into loading, sorting, unloading, and door subcategories, and transportation was divided into vehicle, cart, and walking subcategories as well as 10 small processes. Moreover, 22 unit works were again drawn by conducting field surveys and interviews. The risk of unit work derived from this study was ergonomically evaluated, and the ergonomic analysis revealed that uploading and transportation were the most dangerous. The results of this study could be used as basic data for preventing industrial accidents among courier workers, whose work has increased with the logistics volume and the development of the logistics industry.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2003.09b
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• pp.122-125
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• 2003

By advent of NNC(Neural Network Chip), it is possible that process in parallel and discern the importance of signal with learning oneself by experience in external signal. So, the design of general purpose operation unit using VHDL(VHSIC Hardware Description Language) on the existing FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array) can replaced EN(Expert Network) and learning algorithm. Also, neural network operation unit is possible various operation using learning of NN(Neural Network). This paper present general purpose operation unit using hierarchical structure of EN EN of presented structure learn from logical gate which constitute a operation unit, it relocated several layer The overall structure is hierarchical using a module, it has generality more than FPGA operation unit.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.1875-1878
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• 2005

It is not efficient and scarcely out of the question to use commercial expensive electron beam lithography system widely used for semiconductor fabrication process for the manufacturing application field of various devices in the small business scope. Then scanning electron microscope based electron beam machining system is maybe regarded as a powerful model can be used for it simply. To get a complete suite of thus proper system, column unit build up with electron beam gun head unit is necessarily required more than anything else to modify scanning electron microscope. In this study, various components included ceramic isolation plate and main body which are essentially constructed for electron beam gun head unit are designed and manufactured. And this electron beam gun head unit will be used for next connected study in the development step of scanning electron microscope based electron beam machining system.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.28-32
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• 1999

Verifying the treatment value(Monitor Unit) unnecessarily involves too many simple and repetitive calculation processes, that is, individual computation process using the data(PDD value, Scp Factor, SSD Factor, Tray Factor) on the data book. We intend to minimize the time required to check the Monitor Unit through computerized calculation. Using $^{\ast}(multiplication)$, /(division), +(sum), if function, among others, which are present in the Excell program, MS office program, the Monitor Unit was obtainable through A/P value, Scp Factor and PDD value, Wedge Factor. From the verification of the computations of Monitor Unit for 60 patients previously treated, we were able to obtain an error rate of ${\pm}0.028MU$. Computerized calculation of the Monitor Unit could save the burden of Technologist.

• Carbon letters
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.166-170
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• 2006

Silicon carbide whiskers ($SiC_w$) having the diameter in the range of 20-80 nm were synthesised from coconut fibres through sol-gel process. The coconut fibres were impregnated with tetraethoxysilane and methyltriethoxysilane derived sol and pyrolyzed at $1400^{\circ}C$ in argon. X-ray of the pyrolyzed samples showed the formation of ${\beta}$-SiC.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.397-405
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• 1997

Recently maximum likelihood estimators using unconditional likelihood function are used for testing unit roots. When one wants to use this method the determinant term of initial values in the multivariate unconditional likelihood function produces a complicated function of the elements in the coefficient matrix and variance matrix. In this paper an approximation of the determinant term is calculated and based on this aproximation an approximated unconditional likelihood function is calculated. The approximated unconditional maximum likelihood estimators can be used to test for unit roots. When multivariate process has one unit root the limiting distribution obtained by this method and the limiting distribution using exact unconditional likelihood function are the same.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2013.11a
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• pp.143-144
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• 2013

Unit module system produce units in the factory and assemble in the field. This unit module system has advantages of shortening the process of construction. However, it is still in the early research related to setting the unit module which is transported by truck to the field. Therefore, when transporting the unit module, this goal of study develops fixed devices. And suggesting device were performed that simulations analyzed maximum stress and assessed the safety.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Mechanical Technology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.936-940
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• 2018

Wasted meat & bone has generated as byproducts in the slaughtering process of livestock and also faced with demands for its recycling and environmental protection. Many studies have been conducted to recycle byproducts and carried out mainly on the crushing of bones and the vacuum packing technology of products. In this study, the crushing unit, transporting unit, separated unit and packing unit have designed for development of the crushing and packing systems. Also, to confirm the performance of this system, the experimental verification were carried out the working noise and packing weight.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.95-105
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• 2018

An FLNG (floating liquefied natural gas) or LNG FPSO (floating production, storage and offloading) unit is a notable offshore unit with the increasing demand for LNG. The liquefaction process on an FLNG unit is the most important process because it determines the economic feasibility, but would be a hazard source because of the large quantity of hydrocarbons. While a high efficiency process such as C3MR has been preferred for onshore liquefaction processes, a relatively simple process such as the SMR (single mixed refrigerant) or DMR (dual mixed refrigerant) liquefaction process has been selected for offshore units because they require a more compact size, lighter weight, and higher safety due to their space limitation for facilities and long distance from shore. It is known that an SMR has the advantages of a simple configuration, small footprint, and lower risk. However, with an increased production rate, the inherent safety of SMR needs to be evaluated because of its small train capacity. In this study, the potential explosion risks of the SMR and DMR liquefaction processes were evaluated at the conceptual design stage. The results showed that an SMR has a lower overpressure than a DMR at the same frequency, only with a small production capacity of 0.9 MTPA. With increased capacity, the overpressure of the SMR was higher than that of the DMR. The increased number of trains increased the frequency in spite of the small amount of equipment per train. This showed that the inherent risk of an SMR is not always lower than that of a DMR, and an additional risk management strategy is recommended when an SMR is selected as the concept for an FLNG liquefaction process compared to the DMR liquefaction process.