• 복식
• /
• 제63권2호
• /
• pp.98-109
• /
• 2013

This study aims to discuss the image making of K-pop girl groups to provide an outlook on the necessary fashion components in order to express certain concepts by analyzing the fashion styles. The fashion styles of the representative girl groups from 2007 to 2011 were classified into five types: retro style, schoolgirl style, chic style, sporty style and marine style. The following are the features and elements of image making by style. The retro style pursued going back to the past. It used stripes, dots, leopard patterns, spangles and denim. It reproduced the style of the past to the trendy style using big sunglasses, retro makeup, girlish hair and gold wigs. The schoolgirl style created the sexy or cute image by using school uniforms as the motif including shirts, short pants and knee socks. It included having natural makeup and straight hair and differentiated colors, patterns and designs. The chic style was classified into rock chic look and sexy look. Both looks had common elements including smoky pop active makeup while the fashion concepts and hair styles were different. The sporty style took the concept of cheer girls. It used plaid shirts, baseball jackets, short pants, thigh high boots, vivid hair accessories, romantic makeup and straight, wave hair. The marine style took the naval uniform as the motif. It expressed the image using short pants, stripe patterns, wappens, naval caps and smoky sexy makeup, straight hair. K-pop girl group fashion is the driving force for the growth of Korean fashion industry as well as its cultural trends and hope that it have a growing influence on the global market and trend through continuing research and support.

• 한국해양학회지
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 1995

한반도 남해 대륙붕의 표층퇴적물 216개에 대한 모드분석을 실시하였다. 수심 7 0~100 m에 분포하는 사니질 또는 니사질 혼합퇴적물은 복모드형(모래요소와 뺄요소) 을 나타낸다. 분리한 요소의 조직변수들은 현재 천해저 퇴적물에서 이미 인정된 입도 조직변수간의 상관관계와 잘 일치한다. 복모드형 가운데 모래요소의 특징은 다음과 같 다: (1) 모래요소의 평균입도, 분급도, 패각편 함량 분포는 등수심선과 유청사한 방향 으로 반복성을 보인다. (2) 모래요소는 다량의 패각편, 약간의 잔자갈과 산화된 석영 (iron-stained quartz)을 포함하는 중립 또는 세립다(Mz, 1-3$\psi$)로 구성되어 있다. (3) 석영 (quartz)입자의 표면에는 높은 에너지 환경에서 형성된 조가비 모양 (conchoidal breakage feature), "V"자형구조(V-shaped feature)가 잘 발달하고 있다. (4) CM-pattern에서 뺄요소는 uniform suspension 구간에 도시되었다. 이러한 특징들 은 섬진강으로부터 기원된 세립질 부유퇴적물이 대부분 단모드 뺄형분포해역에 퇴적되 었으며, 더욱 세립한 뺄요소가 외해로 이동되고, 해안전면퇴적물의 특징을 보이는 모 래 요소와 혼합된 것임을 지시한다. 해수면 상승으로 인한 퇴적환경 변화는 대륙붕퇴 적물에 많은 영향을 주었으며, 입도분포는 환경변화를 반응하고 있다, 복모드는 보이 는 대륙붕퇴적물의 퇴적환경 규명은 모드를 분리하고 각 모드의 환경을 추적하는 것이 타당하다는 결론을 얻었다.는 결론을 얻었다.

• 천문학회보
• /
• 제42권1호
• /
• pp.52.1-52.1
• /
• 2017

Galaxy clusters are the most massive gravitationally bound systems and thus probably the most recent objects to form. One of promising routes to understand the assembly history of galaxy clusters is to measure observable quantities of components in clusters that are sensitive to the evolutionary state of the cluster. Recent deep observations on the nearby clusters show distinct diffuse intracluster light (ICL), that the light from stars are not bound any individual cluster galaxy, however until now this component has not been well studied due to its faint nature, with typical brightness of ~100 times fainter than the sky background. As shown in galaxy cluster simulation studies, the ICL abundance increases during various dynamical exchanges of galaxies such as the disruption of dwarf galaxies, major mergers between galaxies and the tidal stripping of galaxies. Thus, the ICL is an effective tool to measure the evolutionary stage of galaxy clusters. Moreover, the investigation of the ICL evolution mechanism will allow us understand the galaxy evolution process therein. In this pilot study, we target the Coma cluster, where the existing ICL studies are limited only in the central region. With large and uniform deep optical images from the Subaru telescope, available only recently (Okabe et al. 2014), we are developing a robust ICL measurement technique, extracting the ICL surface brightness and color profiles, which will allow us to study the origin of the ICL and its connection to the evolutionary history of the Coma cluster. For the next phase, we plan to utilize the plenty of spectroscopy data from the MMT telescope to compare ICL properties with the star formation history of the brightest cluster galaxies (BCG), and discuss the ICL formation mechanism of the Coma cluster by comparing the distribution of cluster galaxies with the distribution of diffuse light inside the Coma cluster.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.609-617
• /
• 2016

Belt-driven Starter Generator (BSG) differs from other mild hybrid systems as the crankshaft of vehicle are not run off. Motor permits a low-cost method of adding mild hybrid capabilities such as start-stop, power assist, and mild levels of regenerative braking. Wound rotor synchronous motor (WRSM) could be adopted in BSG system for HEV e-Assisted application instead of the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM). In practice, adequate torque is indispensable for starter assist system, and energy conversion should be taken into account for the HEV or EV as well. Particularly, flux weakening control is possible to realize by adjusting both direct axis components of current and field current in WRSM. Accordingly, this paper present an off-line current acquisition algorithm that can reasonably combine the stator and field current to acquire the maximum torque, meanwhile the energy conversion is taken into consideration by losses. Besides, on account of inductance influence by non-uniform air gap around rotor, nonlinear inductances and armature flux linkage against current variation are proposed to guarantee the results closer to reality. A computer-aided method for proposed algorithm are present and results are given in form of the Look-up table (LUT). The experiment shows the validity of algorithm.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• 제6권4호
• /
• pp.302-308
• /
• 2014

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to compare removal torques and surface topography between laser treated and sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched (SLA) treated implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Laser-treated implants (experimental group) and SLA-treated implants (control group) 8 mm in length and 3.4 mm in diameter were inserted into both sides of the tibiae of 12 rabbits. Surface analysis was accomplished using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM; Hitachi S-4800; Japan) under ${\times}25$, ${\times}150$ and ${\times}1,000$ magnification. Surface components were analyzed using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Rabbits were sacrificed after a 6-week healing period. The removal torque was measured using the MGT-12 digital torque meter (Mark-10 Co., Copiague, NY, USA). RESULTS. In the experimental group, the surface analysis showed uniform porous structures under ${\times}25$, ${\times}150$ and ${\times}1,000$ magnification. Pore sizes in the experimental group were 20-40 mm and consisted of numerous small pores, whereas pore sizes in the control group were 0.5-2.0 mm. EDS analysis showed no significant difference between the two groups. The mean removal torque in the laser-treated and the SLA-treated implant groups were 79.4 Ncm (SD = 20.4; range 34.6-104.3 Ncm) and 52.7 Ncm (SD = 17.2; range 18.7-73.8 Ncm), respectively. The removal torque in the laser-treated surface implant group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P=.004). CONCLUSION. In this study, removal torque values were significantly higher for laser-treated surface implants than for SLA-treated surface implants.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
• /
• 제33권7호
• /
• pp.440-447
• /
• 2006

그리드 컴퓨팅과 같은 분산 시스템은 하드웨어와 소프트웨어 구성 요소들이 다양하고 복잡하며 분산 배치되어 있어 전체적인 관리가 어렵다. 그리드나 유비쿼터스처럼 환경적인 요소가 다양하며 유동적으로 변경될 가능성이 많은 시스템은 실시간으로 자원에 대한 정보를 모니터링하고 그에 따라 반응할 수 있는 메커니즘을 제공해야 한다. 모니터링 어플리케이션의 개발시 시스템 자원의 다양성은 정보를 수집하는 에이전트의 개발에 대한 비용 부담을 증가시킨다. 본 논문에서는 다양한 시스템 환경에서 추가적인 에이전트 개발의 부담을 최소화시키며 환경적인 변화에 능동적으로 대처할 수 있고 통신 프로토콜과 사용자 질의간의 의존성을 없애주는 계층형 구조를 기반으로 구현된 모니터링 시스템을 제시한다. 본 논문의 계층형 구조는 통신, 질의 언어, 모니터링 에이전트의 분리를 통해 분산 환경에서 모니터링 시스템의 구성 및 변경을 용이하게 한다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제36권2호
• /
• pp.233-236
• /
• 2009

Purpose: Spindle cell lipoma(SCL) is an uncommon subcutaneous soft tissue neoplasm that arises in the shoulder and posterior neck of older male patients. The imaging appearance of SCL is not pathognomonic and can display some features overlapping with liposarcoma. We report a case of SCL on the posterior neck. Method: The patient is a 50 - year - old man with a slowly enlarging subcutaneous mass on the right side of posterior neck. Computed tomographic imaging revealed a 7.0 cm sized, well - circumscribed, heterogenous and fatty mass with enhanced solid components. Whole body Fluorine - 18 Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron emission tomogram(FDG PET-CT) showed little increase of FDG uptake on the right posterior neck and there was no distant metastasis. Results: The mass was surgically removed. The resection margin was free of tumor on frozen biopsy. Histopathologic examination indicated spindle cell lipoma consisting of a mixture of mature adipocytes and uniform spindle cells within a matrix of mucinous material. Conclusion: Although CT image of solidtary mass in posterior neck is similar with the one of liposarcoma, we should consider that it may be a spindle cell lipoma if PET-CT and other systemic studies reveal no distant metastasis. And we should perform fine needle aspiration to differentiate SCL from malignant lesions.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소성가공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.247-250
• /
• 2005

The need for improved fuel efficiency, weight reduction has motivated the automotive industry to focus on aluminum alloys as a replacement for steel-based alloy. To cope with the needs for high structural rigidity with low weight, it is forecasted that substantial amount of cast components will be replaced by tubular parts which are mainly manufactured by the extruded aluminum tubes. The extrusion process is utilized to produce tubes and hollow sections. Because there is no weld seam, the circumferential mechanical properties may be uniform and advantageous for hydroforming. However the possibility of the occurrence of a surface defect is very high, especially due to the temperature increase from forming at high pressure when it comes out of the bearing and the roughness of the bearing, which cause the surface defects such as the dies line and pick-up. And when forming a extruded aluminum tube, the free surface of the tube becomes rough with increasing plastic strain. This is well known as orange peel phenomena and has a great effect not only on the surface quality of a product but also on the forming limit. In an attempt to increase the forming limit of the tubular specimen, in the present paper, surface asperities generated during the hydroforming process are polished to eliminate the weak positions of the tube which lead to a localized necking. It is shown that the forming limit of the tube can be considerably improved by simple method of polishing the surface roughness during hydroforming. And also the extent of the crack propagation caused by dies lines generated during the extrusion process is evaluated according to the deformed shape of the tube.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국펄프종이공학회 2003년도 춘계학술발표논문집
• /
• pp.70-79
• /
• 2003

Paper coating can give smoothness surface and good printability to uncoated paper. Macro roughness of base paper would be decreasing its groove and grit in view of side. Nevertheless its improving effect for paper, some kind of problem is showing in the fine coated paper. Especially, back trap mottle is one of serious problems in printing with fine coated paper. Printers can not adjust conditions to overcome the problem. Also large amounts of paper can be rejected. There are many factors that influence back trap mottle. However it is not clear what the important parameters are in back trap mottle. Back trap mottle has some relationship with ink setting but good guidelines are not clear. Back trap mottle has been linked to non-uniform ink setting. We do not know how much variation in setting we can tolerate. Other mottle issues such as micro-picking and ink refusal are still common. This paper was prepared to identify correlation with ink setting and delta ink density obtained from experiment and then tried to find out some relationships with ink setting and back trap mottle. Basically fine calcium carbonate and ciay was used for main components and coarse calcium carbonate was mixed in two fine pigments to change its porosity and ink acceptance. Micro ink tack force at KRK printing tester was adapted to measure ink setting rate. KRK units were used for back trap mottle simulation and two printed samples were prepared to check delta ink density. Clay base coating has more fast ink setting time than calcium carbonate's though smoothness of clay was better than calcium carbonate. It could be explained by that clay has finer pore in its coating than calcium carbonate. DID(delta ink density) has shown a good correlation with ink setting time from micro ink tack. The total pore volume of coating layer did not match with ink setting and DID. From the results we might conclude coating that has fine pore size around 0.05 ${\mu}m$ can be exposed to high possibility of back trap mottle.

• 대한세포병리학회지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.46-50
• /
• 2006

A micropapillary variant of urothelial carcinoma (MPC) is a distinct entity with an aggressive clinical course. It has a micropapillary configuration resembling that of ovarian papillary serous carcinoma. Its cytologic features have rarely been reported. We report a case of MPC detected by urine cytology. A woman aged 93 years presented with a chief complaint of macroscopic hematuria. Cytology of her voided urine showed clusters of malignant cells in a micropapillary configuration. Each tumor cell had a vacuolated cytoplasm, a high nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio, and irregular hyperchromatic nuclei. An ureteroscopic examination revealed exophytic sessile papillary masses extending from the left lateral wall to the anterolateral wall of the urinary bladder. A transurethral resection of the tumor was carried out. The tumor was characterized by delicate papillae with a thin, well-developed fibrovascular stromal core and numerous secondary micropapillae lined with small cuboidal cells containing uniform low- to intermediate-grade nuclei and occasional intracytoplasmic mucinous inclusions. These tumor cells infiltrated the muscle layers of the bladder, and lymphatic tumor emboli were frequently seen. Recognizing that the presence of MPC components in urinary cytology is important for distinguishing this lesion from low-grade papillary lesions and high-grade urothelial carcinomas can result in early detection and earlier treatment for an improved treatment outcome.