• 설비공학논문집
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.755-762
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• 2000

Natural convection of air in a horizontal annulus with the inner cylinder cooled by the application of a constant heat flux and the isothermally heated outer cylinder is considered. The bifurcation phenomenon of flow patterns and the heat transfer characteristics are numerically investigated. The zero initial condition induces a unicellular flow in a half annulus. A bicellular flow consisting of two counter-rotating eddies in a half annulus can be obtained above a certain critical Rayleigh number. A transition from the bicellular to the unicellular flow occurs with a decrease in Rayleigh number. Hysteresis phenomena have not been observed. In the regime of dual flows, the overall Nusselt number of the bicellular flow is greater than that of the unicellular flow.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.622-628
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• 2002

Numerical analysis has been carried out for two-dimensional steady and unsteady mixed convection in the annulus between co-rotating horizontal cylinders with a heated inner cylinder. The ratio of annulus gap($\sigma$) is taken from 1 to 10 and the order of mixed-convection parameter B(=Gr/(1+Re)$^2$) varies from 10$^4$to $10^0$. The flow patterns over this parameter range are steady multicellular, oscillatory multicellular or steady unicellular. The addition of co-rotating of both cylinders stabilizes the flow in the annulus and weakens the unsteadiness. Even in the large values of rotating parameter such as of $10^0$/($\sigma$=2) and 10$^2$($\sigma$=10), the flow pattern becomes asymptotic to the steady unicellular flow, like as in the rigid-body rotating flow.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.169-176
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• 2000

Natural convection in a wide-gap horizontal annulus is considered, and the transition of flows and the bifurcation phenomenon are investigated for the fluids with Pr=0.2 and 0.3. At Pr=0.2, a bicellular flow pattern is observed at high Rayleigh number, and the solution is unique. At Pr=0.3, both the steady unicellular and bicellular flows exist above a certain critical Rayleigh number. For the fluids of Pr=0.2, the bicellular flow can be obtained by the impulsive heating of the inner cylinder, but it is not obtained from the zero initial condition for Pr=0.3. Hysteresis phenomena have not been observed. A transition from a bicellular flow to a unicellular flow occurs for Pr=0.3.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.110-115
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• 2023

브로민화 수은(I)(Hg₂Br₂) 물리적 증착법 공정에서 구성요소 B의 분압, P_B를 40 Torr에서 200 Torr로 증가시켰을 때 1개의 셀(unicell)이 결정성장영역에서 기체상 공간의 중심으로 이동함을 보여주고 있다. P_B = 40 Torr에서는 경계층 흐름이 지배적이고, P_B = 200 Torr에서는 코어영역흐름(core region)을 보이고 있다. 고려되는 물리적 증착법 공정에서 P_B = 40 Torr와 P_B = 200 Torr에서 1개(single)의 셀(cell) 형태로 3차원의 유동의 흐름과 x, y 직교 중심축에 대하여 비대칭 유동흐름을 나타내고 있다. 소스와 결정 영역 사이의 임계 온도차는 약 30 K입니다. Hg₂Br₂의 총 몰 플럭스는 임계값에 도달할 때까지 온도차에 따라 증가한다. 임계 총 몰 플럭스에서 총 몰 플럭스는 갑자기 감소한다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2014

The convective flow structures in the vapor phase on earth are shown to be single unicellular, indicating the solutally dominant convection is important. These findings reflect that the total molar fluxes show asymmetrical patterns in a viewpoint of interfacial distributions. With decreasing the gravitational level form $1g_0$ down to $1.0{\times}10^{-4}g_0$, the total molar fluxes decay first order exponentially. It is also found that the total molar fluxes decay first order exponentially with increasing the partial pressure of component B, PB (Torr) form 5 Torr up to 400 Torr. Under microgravity environments less than $1g_0$, a diffusive-convection mode is dominant and, results in much uniformity in front of the crystal regions in comparisons with a normal gravity acceleration of $1g_0$.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.16-24
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• 2022

A computational study of combined thermal and solutal convection (double diffusive convection) in a sealed crystal growth reactor is presented, based on a two-dimensional numerical analysis of the nonlinear and strongly coupled partial differential equations and their associated boundary conditions. The average Nusselt numbers for the source regions are greater than those at the crystal regions for 9.73 × 10³ ≤ Gr_t ≤ 6.22 × 10⁵. The average Nusselt numbers for the source regions varies linearly and increases directly with the thermal Grashof number form 9.73 × 10³ ≤ Gr_t ≤ 6.22 × 10⁵ for aspect ratio, Ar (transport length-to-width) = 1 and 2. Additionally, the average Nusselt numbers for the crystal regions at Ar = 1 are much greater than those at Ar = 2. Also, the occurrence of one unicellular flow structure is caused by both the thermal and solutal convection, which is inherent during the physical vapor transport of Hg₂Br₂. When the aspect ratio of the enclosure increases, the fluid movement is hindered and results in the decrease of thermal buoyancy force.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.94-100
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• 1999

음향광 소재와 광전자 재료용으로 적합한 염화제일수은은 밀폐된 용기에서 승화법에 의한 결정성장으로 제 조된다. 온도경계조검으로 밀폐된 용기의 측면에 각각 다른 온도로 부하하였을 때에는 수직적과 수평적 대류현상이 동 시에 일어난다. 수직적 레이 무차원수에 대한 수평적 레이 무차원수의 비율이 1.5 보다 클 때, 대류유동구조는 $2.79{\times}10^4$, Pr = 0.91, Le = 1.01, Pe = 4.60, Ar = 0.2 and $C_v$ = 1.01에서 한 개의 셀에서 여러개의 셀로 변한다. ${Delta}T_H{\ge}0.3$에 대하여, ${Delta}T$의 증가함과 엑스펙트 비율의 감소함에 따라 $$\mid$U$\mid$_{max}$이 증가한다. 0.1에서 1까지의 엑스펙트 비율의 범위에서는 $$\mid$U$\mid$_{max}$가 $\sqrt{{\Delta}T^_H\;^{\ast}}$와 직접적이며 선형적인 관계에 있다. 엑스페트 비율이 감소함에 따라 대류의 흐름은 불안정 하게 되며, 그 결과 대류의 크기는 증가한다. 수직적 온도구배는 대류의 흐름을 불안정하게 하여 진동하게 하며, 그 반면 에 수명적 구배는 흐름을 안정화시킨다.