• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
• /
• 2009.04a
• /
• pp.109-121
• /
• 2009

In these OECD countries, left-wingers Government focus on unemployment, but right -wingers Government cares more about inflation. It is that inflation and unemployment don't have differential effects across rich and poor and the happiness levels of these two groups are unaffected by identity of the Government in power. The poor people choose to left-wingers Government, but rich people prefer to right -wingers Government. I estimate whether above opinion is correct or not. Especially I check how my results change when I control for aggregate economy activity and government consumption, two variables that could be correlated with inflation and unemployment and affect each Government's happiness differentially. This paper, and I believe much of the happiness literature, can be understood as an application of experienced utility, a conception that emphasis the pleasures derived from private consumption and sentiment of it. In Granger Causality test, private consumption sentiment index related with industrial production interactively in Korea. The business cycles affect on private consumption sentiment index.

• The Journal of Korean Institute for Practical Engineering Education
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.144-149
• /
• 2012

This paper reviews the uncovered people of the Korean Employment Insurance System (EIS) and analyzes policy options for minimizing the dead zone of the EIS. There are several policy options such as subsidizing insurance premium to employers and employees of small companies, extending coverage of excluded groups, relaxing qualifications of unemployment benefits and increasing benefit period and level, introducing the unemployment assistance system, introducing the unemployment insurance savings account system, extending coverage to non-wage workers and individualizing package services. According to the survey to the specialists and comparative evaluation criteria, the best policy option to minimize the dead zone of the EIS was to activate individualizing package services of intensive consultation, job place services, tailored vocational training, income support, daycare services, etc. to cure complex employment barriers of job seekers.

• Journal of Labour Economics
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.109-128
• /
• 2002

Korean economy has contains many economic problems during past 2-3 years. One of these problems is unemployment rate rise rapidly. So Korean government has proposed many programs to deal specifically with male and female unemployment. But important things are not only administratoin's programs but also unemployed persons' reservation wage. Accordingly the purpose of this thesis is to analyze why reservation wages differ between male and female. The data we are going to use is the unemployment survey by researcher in 1998. By the result of the estimation of reservation wage functions, we are found two fact. The first is the principle of determinants reservation wage are different between male and female. In esimation of male reservation wage function, early wage and age, education level, unemployment period are very important determinants. But in esimation of female reservation wage function, early wage and education level, age, licence are very important determinants. The second is the reservation wage-setting mechanisms are different between male and fermale. Therefore we conclude that because Korean labor market is stratified labor market, reservation wage-setting mechanisms are much different by sex.

• Health Policy and Management
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.226-232
• /
• 2016

Background: This study was conducted to analyze the influence of socioeconomic characteristics of community on the food insecurity under the control of personal socioeconomic factors which may be influence to the food security. Methods: Food insecurity and individual socioeconomic characteristics were obtained from 2012 community health survey. Socioeconomic characteristics of communities were extracted from the data of Statistics Korea and local governments. Personal socioeconomic factors were sex, age, educational status, job, and monthly family income. Socioeconomic characteristics of communities were administrative district (urban vs. rural), senior population rate, degree of financial self reliance, degree of financial independence, portion of welfare budget, number of welfare facilities, and unemployment rate. We analysed the relationships between the food insecurity and socioeconomic characteristics of community using multi-level analysis under the control of personal characteristics. Results: On personal level age, sex, education status, and monthly family income were related with food insecurity. On community level administrative district (urban vs. rural), degree of financial independence, unemployment rate, and proportion of welfare budget among local general government accounts were related to individual food insecurity. Rural area, district with low levels of financial independence, low portion of welfare budget, and greater unemployment rate showed a higher level of food insecurity. Conclusion: To reduce the level of food insecurity in a community it is necessary to decrease the unemployment rate, in addition to providing support from the central government by increasing the proportion of the welfare budget so that both factors contribute to raising the degree of financial independence.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.35-43
• /
• 2015

Regional comparative analysis for the variability of young man's employment indexes is important to unemployment or employment policy data of central and local government. Through the result of comparative analysis, central and local government can use differentiated policies for the regions and keep the efficiency for the application of detailed policy. In this study, based on economically active population survey data which consider economically active population rate, employment population rate and unemployment rate as typical employment indexes of young man, we analyzed the variability of these indexes by metropolitan cities and province regions using coefficient of variation. Also we proposed the largest index in variability of three employment indexes, and proposed the city and province region with the largest variability for each employment index.

• Korea journal of population studies
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.43-66
• /
• 1997

This work examines reemployment processes through the use of event history unemployment data in the United States. Two aspects of these processes, the duration of unemployment and changes in the reemployment rate, are modelled and analyzed in terms of individual characteristics and their structural positions in the labor market. The secondary labor market is a competitive market in which unemployment occurs because people quit their jobs to devote more time in search for better jobs. Using search theory, the rate of reemployment has a positive time dependence as the searcher lower her reservation wage with the passage of time. By contrast, the primary market is characterized by long-term employment relations which reduce voluntary turnovers but generate layoffs temporarily. Relying on contract theory, because workers on temporary layoffs wait for recall, reemployment rates have a constant time dependence. Empirical results of unemployment durations indicate that reemployment processes are influenced by individual's positions in dual labor market structures. While the analysis suggests that the amount of search reemployment seems to be positively related to the degree of competitiveness of a market, somewhat weaker results are noted in the search reemployment processes in competitive markets.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.67-94
• /
• 2012

Despite continuous efforts of the government, youth joblessness in Korea has remained as a top policy priority. At this end, the study focuses on the causes of youth labor market problems and tries to seek for policy directions. While the previous research attempted to explain youth joblessness based on the labor demand and supply, this study follows a job search model which emphasizes a job matching process. A theoretical model and empirical results predict that a mean duration of unemployment could decrease if an implicit income of unemployment declines or a rate of job offer rises. From policy point of view, it is advisable to raise incentives for labor demand and to strengthen employment services because a policy to lower an implicit income of unemployment may not secure policy target efficiency.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.436-446
• /
• 2020

Purpose: This study aims to explore the association between unemployment and depression in people from different age groups ranging from 18 to 65 years old. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. We performed bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression on the 2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data from 12 states in the United States. Results: On a sample comprised of n=53,406 individuals, of whom 2,546 (7.8%) were identified as being depressed and 3,448 (10.6%) as unemployed, we found that individuals aged 61~65 years have a lower depression risk compared to those aged 18-25 after adjusting for other variables including employment status. However, people from 61~65 have higher increased risk of depression when unemployed compared to other age groups in all three models tested (3.95 times higher in unemployed people in model 1, and 2.81 times higher in model 2 and model 3). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that there may need to be more focus on older adults who are unemployed, with associated support services for their mental health. The results of our study indicate that although older adults are less likely to be unemployed, there are more likely to experience depression if they are unemployed (once other confounding factors are taken into account) than younger adults. Policies and interventions can be developed to address not only the physical difficulties but also the mental challenges with which older adults can be at risk facing in case of unemployment.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.403-442
• /
• 2010

This study aims to configurate the contents of social policy strategies of European welfare states in the postindustrial society. The social policy strategy of the socialdemocratic regime consists of 'maintenance of statecentrism' and 'inclusion'. The contents of social policy strategy of the liberal regime are 'expansion of market forces' and 'increase of individual' self-responsibility'. The conservative regime adheres to the 'protection of male breadwinner; and 'income maintenance programs'. Due to these social policy strategies, the conservative regime has very high rate of unemployment. In the liberal regime, the high rate of poverty exists. In contrast, the socialdemocratic regime has low rates of unemployment and poverty and shows best social outcomes among the welfare regimes.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.131-169
• /
• 2010

I develop a matching model in which risk-averse workers face borrowing constraints and make a labor force participation decision as well as a job search decision. A sharp distinction between unemployment and out of the labor force is made: those who look for work for a certain period but find no job are classified as the unemployed and those who do not look for work are classified as those out of the labor force. In the model, the job search decision consists of two steps. First, each individual who is not working obtains information about employment opportunities. Second, each individual who decides to search has to take costly actions to find a job. Since individuals differ with respect to asset holdings, they have different reservation job-finding probabilities at which an individual is indifferent between searching and not searching. Individuals, who have large asset holdings and thereby are less likely to participate in the labor market, have high reservation job-finding probability, and they are less likely to search if they have less quality of information. In other words, if individuals with large asset holdings search for job, they must have very high quality of information and face very high actual job-finding probability. On the other hand, individuals with small asset holdings have low reservation job-finding probability and they are likely to search for less quality of information. They face very low actual job-finding probability and seem to remain unemployed for a long time. Therefore, differences in the quality of information explain heterogeneous job search decisions among individuals as well as higher job finding probability for those who reenter the labor market than for those who remain in the labor force. The effect of the extended maximum duration of unemployment insurance benefits on the aggregate labor market and the labor market flows is investigated. The benchmark benefit duration is set to three months. As maximum benefit duration is extended up to six months, the employment-population ratio decreases while the unemployment rate increases because individuals who are eligible for benefits have strong incentives to remain unemployed and decide to search even if they obtain less quality of information, which leads to low job-finding probability and then high unemployment rate. Then, the vacancy-unemployment ratio decreases and, in turn, the job-finding probability for both the unemployed and those out of the labor force decrease. Finally, the outflow from nonparticipation decreases with benefit duration because the equilibrium job-finding probability decreases. As the job-finding probability decreases, those who are out of the labor force are less likely to search for the same quality of information. I also consider the matching model with two states of employment and unemployment. Compared to the results of the two-state model, the simulated effects of changes in benefit duration on the aggregate labor market and the labor market flows are quite large and significant.