• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.17-28
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• 1987

Reliability of the cone penetration test (CPT) for estimating shear strength of marine soils is investigated in this paper. For sands, the uncertainty about the angle of internal friction is analyzed. It includes the spatial variation of the soil and the model error in the equation used for interpretation. The most serious uncertainty encountered was the error in the interpretative models. Different methods of interpretation gave quite different values. Subjective opinion was introduced to combine all the interpretative models in a systematic manner. For clays, the undrained Shear Strength from the CPT results is usually =derived by empirical correlations between cone resistance and untrained shear strength from laboratory tests or field vane tests, expressed in terms of cone factor and function of overburden pressure. The uncertainty of the undrained shear strength is caused by data scatter of the cone factor in the correlation, model error of the cone factor, effect of anisotropy, and spatial variability of cone resistance. Among these uncertainties, the most serious one was the data scatter of the cone factor in the .correlation. Between the laboratory test and the field vane test used for correlation, the field vane test was more reliable.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.55-66
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• 2017

The standard piezocone penetration rate of 2 cm/s is proposed in specifications regardless of soil type. However, conditions of standard Piezo Cone Penetration (CPTU) Testings in silty soils with low plasticity vary from undrained to partially drained or fully drained penetration conditions. The partially drained shear strengths of Incheon, Hwaseong and Gunsan silty soils were estimated from the analysis results of the distributions of CPTU-based shear strengths. The CPTU-based shear strengths were compared between the undrained shear strength line and the fully drained shear strength line, which were determined from approximately ${\varphi}^{\prime}=3^{\circ}$ and ${\varphi}^{\prime}=15^{\circ}$, respectively. The internal friction angles obtained from the back analysis and UU-tests tended to increase with decreasing plasticity index, which range approximately from ${\varphi}^{\prime}=2^{\circ}$ to ${\varphi}^{\prime}=14^{\circ}$. The results matchs well with CPTU-based estimation results.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.237-248
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• 1996

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.285-294
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• 1996

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.295-302
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• 2000

Earthquakes not only produce additional load on the structures and underlying soil, but also change the strength characteristics of the soil. Therefore, in order to analyze soil structures for stability, the behaviour after earthquake must be considered. In this paper, a series of cyclic triaxial tests and monotonic triaxial tests were carried out to investigate the undrained shear strength and liquefaction strength characteristics of Nak-Dong River sand soils which were subjected to cyclic loading. The sample was consolidated in the first stage and then subjected to stress controlled cyclic loading with 0.1Hz. After the cyclic loading, the cyclic-induced excess pore water pressure was dissipated by opening the drainage valve and the sample was reconsolidated to the initial effective mean principal stress(p/sub c/'). After reconsolidation, the monotonic loading or cyclic loading were applied to the specimen. In the results, the undrained shear strength and liquefaction strength characteristics depended on the pore pressure ratio(Ur=U/p/sub c/'). The volume change following reconsolidation can be a function of cyclic-induced excess pore water pressure and the maximum double amplitude of axial strain.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.385-396
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• 2022

The accurate determination of the subgrade reaction modulus (K_s) of soil is an important factor for geotechnical engineers. This study estimated the K_s of soft soil improved with floating deep cement mixing (DCM) columns. A novel prediction model was developed that emphasizes the accuracy of identifying the most significant parameters of K_s. Several multi-layer perceptron (MLP) models that were trained using the Levenberg Marquardt (LM) backpropagation method were developed to estimate K_s. The models were trained using a reliable database containing the results of 36 physical modelling tests. The input parameters were the undrained shear strength of the DCM columns, undrained shear strength of soft soil, area improvement ratio and length-to-diameter ratio of the DCM columns. Grey wolf optimization (GWO) was coupled with the MLPs to improve the performance indices of the MLPs. Sensitivity tests were carried out to determine the importance of the input parameters for prediction of K_s. The results showed that both the MLP-LM and MLP-GWO methods showed high ability to predict K_s. However, it was shown that MLP-GWO (R = 0.9917, MSE = 0.28 (MN/m²/m)) performed better than MLP-LM (R =0.9126, MSE =6.1916 (MN/m²/m)). This proves the greater reliability of the proposed hybrid model of MLP-GWO in approximating the subgrade reaction modulus of soft soil improved with floating DCM columns. The results revealed that the undrained shear strength of the soil was the most effective factor for estimation of K_s.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.77-85
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• 2007

In order to estimate undrained shear strength and evaluate cone factors, various in-situ and laboratory test results at new harbor construction area near Pusan were analyzed. To evaluate Nk values and equation applicable in Korea, measured and theoretical cone factors were compared based on the test results. For comparison, various analytical solutions were adopted and used. Adopted methods include cavity expansion solutions of Baligh (1975) and Yu (1993) and steady state solutions of Teh and Houlsby (1991) and Yu et al. (2000). According to the result of comparison, cavity expansion solutions were found to be reasonable for the CPTu-based undrained shear strength evaluation.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.419-445
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• 2013

This paper presents an experimental study on the influence of principal stress direction and magnitude of intermediate principal stress on the undrained stress-strain-strength behaviors of Bangkok Clay. The results of torsional shear hollow cylinder and advanced triaxial tests with various principal stress directions and magnitudes of intermediate principal stress on undisturbed Bangkok Clay specimens are presented. The analysis of testing results include: (i) stress-strain and pore pressure behaviors, (ii) stiffness characteristics, and (iii) strength characteristics. The results assert clear evidences of anisotropic characteristics of Bangkok Clay at pre-failure and failure conditions. The magnitude of intermediate principal stress for plane-strain condition is also investigated. Both failure surface and plastic potential in deviatoric plane of Bangkok Clay are demonstrated to be isotropic and of circular shape which implies an associated flow rule. It is also observed that the shape of failure surface in deviatoric plane changes its size, while retaining its circular shape, with the change in direction of major principal stress. Concerning the behavior of Bangkok Clay found from this study, the discussions on the effects of employed constitutive modeling approach on the resulting numerical analysis are made.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2006.03a
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• pp.103-110
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• 2006

When enforced earth is used for the retain wall and four walls, the most important thing would be how to maximize the land utilization. Accordingly, in case of enforced earth, we pile up the minimal height of earth$(20\sim30cm)$ and harden the earth using a static dynamic hardening machine. In this paper, we tried to analyze and. compare the stress transformation characteristics of reinforced weathered granite soil. with geosynthetics when repetitive load is added to the enforced earth structure and when static load is added. The purposes of the study are as follows; 1) To compare and analyze non reinforced weathered granite soil and reinforced weathered granite. soil by executing a unconsolidated-undrained triaxial compression tests. 2) To identify the strength characteristics of weathered granite soil reinforced with geotextile due to the repetitive dynamic loads through comparison of the stress due to the static load and the repetitive dynamic loads.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.5-15
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• 2012

Field monitoring data for embankments in thirteen road construction sites at coastal area of the Korean Peninsula were analyzed to investigate the characteristics of lateral flow in soft grounds, to which vertical drain methods were applied. First of all, the effect of the embankment scale on the lateral flow was investigated. Thicker soft soils and lager relative embankment scale produced more horizontal displacements in soft grounds. Especially, if thick soft grounds were placed, the relative embankment scale, which was given by the ratio of thickness of soft ground to the bottom width of embankments, became larger and in turn large horizontal displacement was produced. And also higher filling velocity of embankments induced more horizontal displacements in soft grounds. The other major factors affecting the lateral flow in soft ground were the thickness and undrained shear strength of soft grounds, the soil modulus and the stability number. Maximum horizontal displacement was induced by less undrained shear strength and soil modulus of soft grounds. Also more stability numbers produced more maximum horizontal displacements. When the shear deformation does not develop, the stability number was less than 3.0 and the safety factor of bearing was more than 1.7. However, if the stability number was more than 5.14 and the safety factor of bearing was less than 1.0, the unstable shear failure developed in soft ground. 50mm can be recommended as a criterion of the allowable maximum horizontal displacement to prevent the shear deformation in soft ground, while 100mm can be recommended as a criterion of the allowable maximum horizontal displacement to prevent the shear failure in soft ground.