• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.8-18
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• 2019

목적: 본 질적 연구는 비암성 만성 질환이자 중 심혈관대사 질병(심장병, 신장병, 말기 당뇨병)을 가지고 있는 환자들의 "질환 경험"을 이해하고 이들의 완화의료에 대한 요구를 파악하기 위해 수행되었다. 방법: 서술적 질적 연구방법을 통해 환자들의 질환경험 및 자가간호행태, 질병 진행에 대한 준비 등을 알아보았다. 질적 연구 훈련을 받은 연구자가 반구조화된 면담 지침을 통해 연구참여자가 원하는 장소, 시간에 상담을 진행하였다. 면담내용은 필사되었으며, 필사된 내용은 내용분석을 통해 분석되었다. 결과: 연구 참여자는 40대에서 80대의 11명의 만성 질환이자(남성 9명, 여성 2명)였고, 세 개의 범주(같은 질병- 다른 질환경험; 나의 질병, 내 몸의 주체는 나; 질병진행에 대한 준비)가 도출되었다. 연구 참여자들은 자신의 진단명은 알고 있었지만, 의료진으로부터 질병단계 및 진행에 대한 준비, 자가간호 방법, 생애후기계획(돌봄계획) 수립과 관련한 교육을 받은 적이 없었다. 의료진은 질병진행에 따라 처방을 바꿔주는 사람, 약물은 질병치료를 하는 것, 자가간호는 단순 보조적 요법으로 인식되고 있었다. 약복용을 지시대로 규칙적으로 하고 있음에도 불구하고 질병이 진행된다고 느낄 때, 자가간호에 보다 적극적이 되었다. 모든 연구 참여자들이 질병이 진행되고 있다는 것을 느끼고 있었으나, 생애 말기 대비에는 수동적이고 소극적이었다. 많은 환자들이 돌봄계획 수립이나 성년후견인 지정의 필요성에 공감하였으나, 행동으로 옮기지는 못하고 있었다. 결론: 의료진은 비암성 만성질환자의 질환경험을 듣고 질병 관리를 도울 수 있는 치료적 파트너가 되어야 할 것이며, 환자의 건강정보이해능력을 고려한 교육이 제공 되어야 할 것으로 사료된다. 또한 비암성 만성질환자의 웰리빙에 대한 요구와 삶의 질 향상을 지지하는 측면에서 이들을 위한 완화의료 프로그램을 개발, 제공해야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.170-181
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• 2011

Purpose: There is considerable variability in rates of hospitalization for patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in part because of physicians' uncertainty in assessing the severity of illness at presentation. The purpose of the study was to examine the current treatment patterns and factors influencing the Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) and clinical outcomes in the patient with CAP. Method: The retrospective data collection of the patients with CAP was conducted and the data were reviewed. The collected data included demographic, clinical, laboratory and microbiological medical information. All patients were stratified into three risk groups according to PSI: low risk (PSI score I-II), moderate risk (III) and high risk (IV-V) groups. The examined treatment patterns were the appropriateness of admissions, category of antibiotics used. The prognostic factors associated with PSI and clinical outcomes were examined. Results: One hundred and six patients' medical data were reviewed. The overall appropriateness of admissions was low presenting many of patients were admitted or intensely treated in the hospital despite of lower risk of prognosis and treated with intravenous antibiotics instead of oral fluoroquinolones. Primary pneumonia pathogens were Klebsiella pneumoniae (27%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (21.6%). Mean LOS was 8.5 days and was significantly longer (10.0days) (p<0.001) in high risk group. The patients with age >65 (p<0.001), diabetes mellitus (p<0.001), mental alteration (p<0.001), and/or $PaO_2$ <60 mmHg (p<0.001) had a tendency to have higher PSI. The prognostic factors associated with longer LOS were age >65 years (p=0.008), mental status alteration (p<0.001), dyspnea (p=0.002) and PSI score (p=0.001). The prognostic factors associated with mortality were congestive heart failure (p=0.038), systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg (p=0.002) and arterial pH <7.35 (p=0.013). Conclusion: Most of patients were found to over-utilize medical service according to appropriateness of admissions. The elderly, mentally altered patients with low $PaO_2$ had higher PSI score with increased risk of LOS. The mortality could be increased in the patient with disease state of congestive heart failure, high blood pressure, and/or acidosis.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.880-891
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to describe nursing decision tasks, their characteristics, and problems associated with decision making. The subjects were 32 nurses who had at least one-year nursing experience and worked on medical-surgical units or intensive care units(ICU). They were asked to describe their decision making experiences in patient care situations and to identify the characteristics of each decisions. They were also asked to describe perceived problems associated with decision making in nursing. The responses on nursing decision tasks and problems were analyzed with content analysis and the decision characteristics were identified by statistical analysis of variance. It was found that there were 16 nursing decisions which are as follows : decisions related to interpreting and selecting appropriate strategies for pain management(6.6%) ; decisions related to providing emotional support (0.7%) ; decisions related to explaining the patient's condition and rationale for procedures(1.1%) ; decisions related to assisting patients to integrate the implications of illness and recovering into their lifestyles(2.9%) ; decisions related to detecting significant changes In patients and selecting appropriate intervention strategies (17.2%) ; decisions related to anticipating problems and selecting preventive measures(4.2%) ; decisions related to identifying emergency situations(0.4%) ; decisions related to effective management of patient crisis until physician assistance becomes available(2.8%) ; decisions related to starting and maintaining intravenous therapy(2.6%) ; decisions related to administering medications(8.1%) ; decisions related to combating the hazards of immobility(7.3%) : decisions related to treating wound management strategies(5.5%) ; decisions related to relieving patient discomfort(13.9) ; decisions related to selecting appropriate strategy according to the changing situation of the patient(18.2%) ; decisions related to selecting the best strategy for patient management(5.3%) ; and decisions related to coordinating, ordering, and meeting the various needs of the patient (3.1%). The nurses reported the fellowing problems in decision making : difficulties due to lack of knowledge and experience (18.6%) ; uncertainty and complexity of decision tasks(15.2%) ; lack of time to make decisions(2.9%) ; personal values which conflict with other staff(15.7%) ; lack of selection autonomy(30.0%) ; and organizational barriers(7.6%). Continuing education programs and decision support systems for frequent nursing decision tasks can be established on the basis of these results. Then decision ability in nurses will increase through the education programs and decision support systems, and then quality of nursing service will be better.