• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.97-97
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• 2013

The exterior structures of natural organisms have continuously evolved by controlling wettability, such as the Namib Desert beetle, whose back has hydrophilic/hydrophobic contrast for water harvesting by mist condensation in dry desert environments, and some plant leaves that have hierarchical micro/nanostructures to collect or repel liquid water. In this work, we have provided a method for wettability contrast on metals by both nano-flake or needle patterns and tuning of the surface energy. Metals including steel alloys and aluminum were provided with hierarchical micro/nanostructures of metaloxides induced by fluorination and a subsequent catalytic reaction of fluorine ions on metal surfaces in water with various ranges from room to boiling temperature of water. Then, a hydrophobic material was deposited on the structured surfaces, rendering superhydrophobicity. Plasma oxidization induces the formation of superhydrophilic surfaces on selective regions surrounded by superhydrophobic surfaces. We show that wettability contrast surfaces align liquid water within patterned hydrophilic regions during the condensation process. Furthermore, this method could have a greater potential to align other liquids or living cells.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.71-81
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• 2016

An EVSE and the EV exchange XML formatted communication messages with each other, whose structure is described by the V2G CI schema in the ISO/IEC 15118 international standard, and the EVSE and the power grid exchange messages based on SCL file with each other, whose structure is described by SCL schema in the IEC 61850 international standard. Because XML files can be restructured by XSLT, V2G messages can be transformed to/from SCL files using XSLT. In this study, the two schemas are analyzed and compared in order for the restructuring of the two differently structured XML instances. As a result, two XSL scripts can be produced for the transformation between XML files conforming ISO/IEC 15118 V2G CI schema and IEC 61850 SCL schema respectively to avoid manual data mapping which can happen in every application development cases.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.247-259
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• 1999

Small round structured viruses (SRSV) are the major ethological agents which can cause outbreaks of non-bacterial gastroenteritis or food poisoning both in children and adults. The classification of family Caliciviridae to which SRSV belong, is based on the genome encoding three open reading frames. The rotavirus is another major pathogen which causes diarrhea in young children. We examined stool specimens obtained from diarrheal patients in Wonju from which bacterial pathogens were not found. To detect causative viruses from stool specimens of patients, reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or nested PCR using rotavirus or SRSV specific primers was performed. In this study, RT-nested PCR procedure which can amplify a 330 bp fragment derived from RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP) region within ORF1 was applied for the detection of SRSV. For the detection of rotaviruses, a 877 bp fragment from the VP4 region of rotavirus genome was amplified. As a result, rotavirus was not detected while SRSV sequences were detected from one out of five specimens. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the Wonju isolate were compared with other 6 Korean isolates which have been isolated and sequenced in our laboratory. Sequence analysis revealed that the Wonju isolate was rather distinct from other Korean isolates: the Wonju isolate was closer to genogroup I of SRSV while other 6 Korean isolates belonged to genogroup II.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.465-479
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• 2008

For the quantitative identification of rock behavior in shallow tunnels, we recommend using the rock behavior index (RBI) by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the Rock Engineering Systems (RES). AHP and RES can aid engineers in effectively determining complex and un-structured rock behavior utilizing a structured pair-wise comparison matrix and an interaction matrix, respectively. Rock behavior types are categorized as rock fall, cave-in, and plastic deformation. Seven parameters influencing rock behavior for shallow depth rock tunnel are determined: uniaxial compressive strength, rock quality designation (RQD), joint surface condition, stress, pound water, earthquake, and tunnel span. They are classified into rock mass intrinsic, rock mass extrinsic, and design parameters. An advantage of this procedure is its ability to obtain each parameter's weight. We applied the proposed method to the basic design of Seoul Metro Line O and quantified the rock behavior into RBI on rock fall, cave-in, and plastic deformation. The study results demonstrate that AHP and RES can give engineers quantitative information on rock behavior.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.3 no.6
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• pp.1522-1533
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• 1996

This paper presents a programming environment for the edition and verification of specification language SDL. It is implemented in the Concerto software factory, which has been as a support for the development of real size software. Concerto is a software factory designed for application development in the fields of computer communication protocols or real time system. It offers various kinds of tools to produce software, organize this production and automate it. Concerto allows a smooth integration of various formalism such as the C and $C^{++}$, languages, structured documentation, HOOD methodology (Hierarchical Object Orient Design). In this paper, as an important tools in the process of communication protocol software development, we describe fist describe the principles of this environment, then we illustrate its application by means of a simple example, the Inres protocol. Moreover, we study how hypertext mechanism of Concert to create logical links between a protocol and its asscoiated service.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.597-609
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to explore the characteristics, outcomes and successes associated with newly established rural villages founded by the Rural Village Development Policy in Korea. For this study, four operatives associated with development companies who successfully implemented rural villages with strong community function structures answered a semi-structured questionnaire on the developmental theme, location, preoperational resident meetings, and success factors of seven projects. The Questionnaire dealt with content analysis. The results of the study were as the follows. The operatives of the development companies identified locations, environments for economic activities, project themes and regular resident meetings as success factors. Barriers for successful rural village development policy were identified as inadequate regulation and lengthy administrative procedures. In particular, preoperational resident meetings were seen as an important success factor, requiring an organized and well-funded professional program.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.08a
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• pp.122-122
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• 2012

The exterior structures of natural organisms have continuously evolved by controlling wettability, such as the Namib Desert beetle, whose back has hydrophilic/hydrophobic contrast for water harvesting by mist condensation in dry desert environments, and some plant leaves that have hierarchical micro/nanostructures to collect or repel liquid water. In this work, we have provided a method for wettability contrast on metals by both nano-flake or needle patterns and tuning of the surface energy. Metals including steel alloys and aluminum were provided with hierarchical micro/nanostructures of metaloxides induced by fluorination and a subsequent catalytic reaction of fluorine ions on metal surfaces in water with various ranges from room to boiling temperature of water. Then, a hydrophobic material was deposited on the structured surfaces, rendering superhydrophobicity. Plasma oxidization induces the formation of superhydrophilic surfaces on selective regions surrounded by superhydrophobic surfaces. We show that wettability contrast surfaces align liquid water within patterned hydrophilic regions during the condensation process. Furthermore, this method could have a greater potential to align other liquids or living cells.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.176-181
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• 2011

This study has purpose to make a report on the newly established rural villages in this country, and to find out the success factors of the rural village project focusing the developers who succeeded in the sales of rural village with emphasized community function. For this study, 123 projects informed from the website(www.welchon.com) were analyzed on the frequency and the officials in charge were interviewed by telephone on the step of projects. In addition, 4 personnel of development companies answered the semi-structured questionnaire on the location, development theme, preparative resident meeting, and success factors of 7 projects which was dealt with content analysis. The result was as follows. 1) Among the projects, more than 50% were the detached housing type with less than 50 units, and also were the resident-driven development projects. Only 5 projects were completed. 2) The personnel of development companies pointed at the location, environment for the economic activity, project theme and continuous resident meeting, as success factors of project. The barriers for rural village development policy are inadequate regulation and long administrative procedure. The preparative resident meeting is an important success factor, so that the system and the cost to run a professional program have to be guaranteed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.1253-1261
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• 2009

The paper-folding effect of origami signifies a planarization of the body which questions the three dimensional construction of the body in a more conventional clothing system. Un-structured, variable space posited between the body and clothes, and an absence of gender identification characterizes the planarization of the body. Origami inspiration in fashion stresses a will-to-form rather than mere bodily proportion and structure, which explores a trans-extensity that goes beyond the boundary of the body. This study inquires on the influence of origami as a method to create new vestmental space in contemporary fashion. The flat-plane clothes of origami-inspired design are no longer cut to the body and the clothes could be altered by the wearer. The space is introduced in between a three-dimensional dress-body and the body. Origami-inspired design in Japanese avant-garde fashion deconstructs the convention and promotes a symbiosis of body and clothing instead. The shape of the body is completely estranged by three-dimensional sculptures, alluding to the paper folds of origami and the movement of the body that are transmitted to the clothing through fine folding that transform into an unexpected event.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.63-70
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• 1994

In this Paper, we propose a new codeword tying algorithm based on a tree structured classfier. The proposed algorithm which can be viewed as a kind of soft decision using statistical properties between codewords and states has an advantage of fast construction, and guarantees a unique optimal solution. Also, it can easily be applied to any speech recognition system based on discrete hidden Markov model (HMM). Experimental results on speaker-independent isolated word recognition show error reduction of $6\%$ for the codebook of size 256 and $9\%$ for 512 size and also HMM parameter reduction of about $20\%$.