• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.411-416
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• 2023

From Cold War, Nuclear weapons have emerged military power into a very dangerous and important way of each national security. Throughout the era, the U.S. had stationed nuclear weapons in South Korea. But President George Bush initially started the withdrawal of nuclear tactical weapons deployed abroad in 1991. After that, under the protection of the nuclear umbrella, South Korea guarantees that the United States would operate its nuclear weapons to protect South Korea if it would be needed and the economy of South Korea has rapidly developed as more strong countries in the world. However, South Korea has seen and been realized the present state from the recent war between Russia and Ukraine. The protection of the U.S. nuclear umbrella from nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles of North Korea is unlikely to be permanently guaranteed. At the same time, South Korea should consider the security environment changes of surrounding nations such as China as military power acceleration and Russia as re-formation ambition. Because of these reasons, South Korea independently wants to protect itself and have the own nuclear weapons as a way to counter security threats. A majority of South Koreans also definitely believe that North Korea will not denuclearize or give up because North Korea has been having nuclear weapons as the final survival strategy of Kim Jong Un's regime. However, South Korea considers and makes new nuclear strategy through the role and effect of nuclear deterrence strategy in dispute between India and Pakistan and how to overcome the paradox of nuclear deterrence strategy. Therefore, this research is to suggest the effective nuclear deterrence strategy of South Korea from new security threats of surrounding nations through dispute between India and Pakistan. The focus of this research is that what is the role and paradox of nuclear deterrence strategy in dispute between India and Pakistan and how to find the effective nuclear deterrence strategy of South Korea.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.57-70
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• 2009

Considerable advance has been made on research on effect of steel pipe Umbrella Arch Method (UAM) and mechanical reinforcement mechanism through numerical analyses and experiments. Due to long analysis time of three-dimensional analysis and its complexity, un-quantitative two-dimensional analysis is dominantly used in the design and application, where equivalent material properties of UAM reinforced area and ground are used, For this reason, development of reasonable, theoretical, quantitative and easy to use design and analysis method is required. In this study, both field UAM tests and laboratory tests were performed in the residual soil to highly weathered rock; field tests to observe the range of reinforcement, and laboratory tests to investigate the change of material properties between prior to and after UAM reinforcement. It has been observed that the increase in material property of neighboring ground is negligible, and that only stiffness of steel pipe and cement column formed inside the steel pipe and the gap between steel pipe and borehole contributes to ground reinforcement. Based on these results and concept of Convergence Confinement Method (CCM), two dimensional axisymmetric analyses have been performed to obtain the longitudinal displacement profile (LDP) corresponding to arching effect of tunnel face, UAM effect and effect of supports. In addition, modified load distribution method in two dimensional plane-strain analysis has been suggested, in which effect of UAM is transformed to internal pressure and modified load distribution ratios are suggested. Comparison between the modified method and conventional method shows that larger displacement occur in the conventional method than that in the modified method although it may be different depending on ground condition, depth and size of tunnel, types of steel pipe and initial stress state. Consequently, it can be concluded that the effect of UAM as a beam in a longitudinal direction is not considered properly in the conventional method.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.980-986
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• 2012

In this paper we develop a minimalist model of single molecule spectroscopy in a dynamic environment. Our model is based upon a lattice system consisting of a probe molecule embedded in an Ising-model like environment. We assume that the probe molecule interacts with the Ising spins via a dipole-dipole potential, and calculate free energy curves and lineshapes of the system. To investigate fluctuation behavior of the system we exploit the metadynamics sampling method. In particular, using the method, we calculate the free energy curve of magnetization of the lattice and that of the transition energy of the probe molecule. Furthermore, we compare efficiencies of three different sampling methods used; unbiased, umbrella, and metadynamics sampling methods. Finally, we explore the lineshape behavior of the probe molecule as the system undergoes a phase transition from a sub-critical and to a super-critical temperature. We show that the transition energy of a probe molecule is broadly distributed due to the heterogeneous, local environments.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.60 no.12
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• pp.379-384
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• 2017

Feeding is an interaction between a child and caregiver, and feeding difficulty is an umbrella term encompassing all feeding problems, regardless of etiology, severity, or consequences, while feeding disorder refers to an inability or refusal to eat sufficient quantities or variety of food to maintain adequate nutritional status, leading to substantial consequences, including malnutrition, impaired growth, and possible neurocognitive dysfunction. There are 6 representative feeding disorder subtypes in young children: infantile anorexia, sensory food aversion, reciprocity, posttraumatic type, state regulation, and feeding disorders associated with concurrent medical conditions. Most feeding difficulties are nonorganic and without any underlying medical condition, but organic causes should also be excluded from the beginning, through thorough history taking and physical examination, based on red-flag symptoms and signs. Age-appropriate feeding principles may support effective treatment of feeding difficulties in practice, and systematic approaches for feeding difficulties in young children, based on each subtype, may be beneficial.

• Proceedings of the Technology Innovation Conference
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• 2009.02a
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• pp.583-604
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• 2009

최근 제조 기업들의 가장 큰 화두 중 하나는 제품과 서비스의 통합이다. 그간 제품과 서비스 통합과 관련한 다양한 개념들이 제시되어 왔으나, 정의 및 유형에 대한 보편적인 프레임워크가 존재하지 않는다. 본 연구에서는 제품과 서비스의 통합에 관련된 다양한 개념들을 아우르는 포괄적인 용어 (umbrella term)로써 통합 제품-서비스(integrated product-service: IPS)를 제시한다. 기존 문헌 연구를 통해 IPS 관련 기존 개념들을 개괄하고, 이들을 Product/service fusion과 Product/service Convergence의 두 가지로 분류한다. 다음으로 IPS를 유형화하기 위한 분류체계(typology)로써 IPS 큐브(cube)를 제시한다. IPS 큐브는 통합의 형태(pattern), 원천(origin), 기술(technology)의 세 가지 차원으로 구성되며, 각 차원이 모두 세 가지 유형으로 구분되기 때문에, IPS 큐브는 27개의 셀로 이루어진 정육면체 형태를 띤다. 각 셀은 고유한 IPS 유형을 나타내며, 각 셀에 해당하는 실제 IPS 사례들이 제시된다. 본 연구에서 제시한 IPS 큐브는 유형별 IPS 개발을 위한 전략, 프로세스, 방법론을 개발하는데 있어서 유용한 시사점을 제공해줄 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2011.05b
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• pp.996-999
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• 2011

패키지디자인은 상품이 다양화 되고 선택의 기회와 폭이 넓어지면서 소비자는 감성적 가치에 치중하게 되었다. 본 연구는 건강식품브랜드 패키지디자인 개발을 통하여 제약회사 패키지 개발의 특수성과 제작에 있어서 개선방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 연구대상인 제약회사 패키지 디자인은 첫째, 엄브렐러 브랜드(umbrella brand) 정책을 실시하고 있었다. 둘째, 보령 수앤수(보령 건강식품브랜드)의 브랜드 아이덴티티 부재이다. 셋째, 패키지 디자인에있어 규제가 많아서 시각적으로 보기 좋은 패키지 디자인을 하기 어려운 부분이 있다. 제약회사는 규모와 투자여력에 비하여 패키지 디자인에 투자하지 않는 영세성의 문제점을 가지고 있다. 국제적인 제약회사가 패키지 디자인에 강력한 시각적 아이덴티티 정책을 실시하고 있음을 양지하고 이를 개선하는 방안을 모색해야 한다.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.113-121
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• 2013

Heumgyeonggaknu is a water-hammering type automatic water clock which was made by Jang Yeong-Sil in 1438. The water clock that is located in Heumgyeonggaknu consists of Suho which is equipped with 2-stage overflow. Constant water wheel power is generated by supplying a fixed amount of water of Suho to Sususang, and this power is transferred to each floor at the same time. The 1st floor rotation wheel of Gasan consists of the operation structure which has the shape of umbrella ribs. The 2nd floor rotation wheel is made so that the 12 hour signal, Gyeong-Jeom signal, and Jujeon constitute a systematic configuration. The 3rd floor rotation wheel is made so that the signal and rotation of Ongnyeo and four gods can be accomplished. Based on the above conceptual design, this paper analyzed the internal signal generation and power transmission of Heumgyeonggaknu.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.231-234
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• 1998

In this study, the wind-mill type ultrasonic motor was fabricated, and then resonant frequency and vibration velocity characteristics of the stator were measured. Brass metal was pressed with umbrella-type using metal mold, then slot of 4 kind was processed in each of thickness. Among sixteen's stators, resonant frequency on vibration velocity was decreased remarkably in stator of higher resonant point, but resonant frequency on vibration velocity wasn't almost changed at lower resonant point of stator. The thickener thickness of elastic body, vibration velocity was decreased. The more slot of elastic body, vibration velocity was increased Applied voltage was changed from 10$V_{max}$ to 100$V_{max}$. Maximum vibration velocity value was 2.0[m/s].

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1998.11c
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• pp.749-751
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• 1998

In this study, the wind-mill type ultrasonic motor was fabricated, and then revolution and temperature characteristics of the ultrasonic motor were measured. Brass metal was pressed with umbrella-type using metal mold, then slot of 4 kind was processed in each of thickness. Among sixteen's ultrasonic motors, heat loss on applied voltage was much at stator of the highest resonant point, but heat loss on applied voltage was almost neglected at the lowest resonant point of stator. The thickener thickness of elastic body, revolution speed was decreased. The more slot of elastic body, revolution speed was increased. Applied voltage was changed from $10V_{max}$ to $100V_{max}$. When applied voltage was under $20V_{max}$, ultrasonic motor was not rotated. When applied voltage was over $90V_{max}$, revolution of ultrasonic motor was saturated. Maximum revolution speed was 510[rpm].

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.357-372
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• 1998

Land (scape) ecology is a trans-disciplinary science studying the related systems at the earth surface, in their visual, structural and functional aspects. it serves as an umbrella under which abiotic and biotic sciences, in an integrated way, study the for each relevant land attributes and their interrelations. The spatial aspects of these relations have a special interest. Landscape ecology my have a pure scientific purpose, but usually is executed in an applied context, related to land evaluation for land use and conservation. Depending on the aim and application of the study, one of the land attributes may get special attention. Vegetation mapping may contribute to landscape ecological study but also benefit from it especially in case of reconnaissance surveys. This is because in less detailed surveys of any land attribute, like land form, soil, vegetation, one must necessarily apply landscape ecological principles in the survey methodology, including remote sensing.