• ALGAE
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.301-309
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• 2003

Community structure and vertical distribution of benthic marine algae were investigated in the intertidal and subtidal rocky shore of Samyang, Jejudo Island. The total number of 62 algal species composed of 6 Cyanophyta, 6 Chlorophyta, 19 Phaeophyta, and 31 Rhodophyta were observed. The dominant species were melobesioidean algae, Sargassum thunbergii, Hizikia fusiformis, and Ulva pertusa in the intertidal zone and melobesioidean algae, Ulva pertusa, Corallina spp., and Undaria pinnatifida in the subtidal zone. The vertical algal distribution was represented by the melobesioidean algae in the whole rocky shore, Caulacanthus ustulatus in the upper intertidal zone, Sargassum thunbergii and Hizikia fusiformis in the middle and lower zone, Ulva pertusa in the lower zone and Ulva pertusa, Corallina spp., and Undaria prinnatifida in the subtidal zone. The composition of dominant species and pattern of the vertical distribution of algae in the present study were significantly different from the previous reports. Especially, distribution of crustose coralline algae was significantly extended.

• ALGAE
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.201-207
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• 2008

Based on samplings during 2006-2007 on the intertidal zone of Playa Tampico, Eréndira and Punta Baja, Baja California, Ulva pertusa Kjellman (Ulvales, Chlorophyta) was recorded for the first time for the Pacific coast of Mexico. An alga native to Asia, U. pertusa has just recently been recorded in the southern coast of California (USA). The identification of U. pertusa was based on the observation of the morphology and reproductive characters of the collected specimens. Furthermore, the species identity was confirmed by molecular comparison between nuclearencoded ITS2 sequences of the Mexican samples and those of other Ulva species in GenBnak data. Habitat and distribution of U. pertusa along the Pacific coast of North America are also described. Considering our new report of its occurrence in Mexico, we conclude that U. pertusa is expanding its geographical distribution by trans-ocean introductions.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.522-526
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• 2014

Pyropia, economic red algae species, have been cultivated in Korea (referred to as 'gim'), Japan ('nori'), and China ('zicai') for over 300 years. Vegetable seaweed Pyropia species are sold in the public markets in various forms as commercial seafoods. In Korea, two kinds of Pyropia seafood made with species of Pyropia and Ulva (sea lettuce, referred to as 'parae') are also sold. These are referred to as 'parae-gim' (with Pyropia spp. and U. linza) and 'gamtaegim' (with Pyropia spp. and U. prolifera). There is currently no method for identifying the seaweed species that comprise Pyropia seafood products. Therefore, we developed novel molecular markers to identify Ulva species in commercial Pyropia seafoods. Based on rbcL molecular markers, we identified informative characteristics to discriminate U. linza and U. prolifera as seafood ingredients. Moreover, PCR with 3'-end mismatch primers successfully isolated the specific rbcL sequences of U. linza and U. prolifera from Pyropia seafoods. Therefore, our novel molecular markers will be useful for identifying the ingredient species of commercial seafoods.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.101-106
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• 2021

The marine algal flora and community structure of Dadohaehaesang National Park, the Southwestern coast of Korea, were investigated monthly during May, July and September 2012. As the results, a total of 86 species including 10 greens, 17 browns and 59 reds was identified, except for blue-greens and crustose reds. The seaweeds that commonly appear during the investigation period are the green algae Ulva australis, the brown algae Ishige okamurae, Myelophycus simplex, Sargassum fusiforme and S. thunbergii and the red algae Gelidiophycus freshwateri, Gelidium. elegans, Corallina officinalis, C. pilulifera, Caulacanthus ustulatus, Ahnfeltiopsis flabelliformis, and Chondrus ocellatus. In Jodo district (Yemiri, Changuri), Ulva australis and Gloiopeltis furcata were dominant species in May, Sargassum fusiforme and Ulva australis were dominant in July, and Gelidiophycus freshwateri and Ulva australis were dominant in September. In Soan/Cheongsan district (Hwaheungpo, Jungdori), Gloiopeltis tenax and Chondracanthus tenellus were dominant species in May, and Gloiopeltis tenax and Chondracanthus tenellus were dominant in July as well as in the spring. And the Caulacanthus ustulatus and Corallina sp. were dominant species in September.

• 환경생물
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.329-334
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• 2017

A marine ulvalean species (Chlorophyta) was collected from Imgok, which is located on the eastern coast of Korea. This species is morphologically characterized by distromatic, filiform to strap compressed or tubular thallus. Many branches were found near the base, but lacked proliferations. Cells were longitudinally aligned in the younger part of the branch and were disordered in the older part of the branch. A cap-like parietal chloroplast with one or two pyrenoids was contained in each cell. In a phylogenetic tree based on ITS and rbcL sequences, this species was nested in the same clade as Ulva torta and U. clathratioides from Australia, but formed a sister clade to U. torta from Japan. However, the genetic divergence between them was included in an intraspecific variation range within Ulva. This finding suggests that U. clathratioides should be reduced to a synonym of U. torta. Accordingly, the Korean alga was identified as U. torta based on the morphological and molecular data. This investigation is the first record of U. torta in the Korean marine algal flora.

• ALGAE
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2005

The objective of this study was to clarify marine algal flora and community structure of 16 uninhabited islands in Sinangun area, south western coast of Korea. As a result, a total of 63 species - 11 greens, 16 browns and 36 reds - was identified. The functional groups of marine algal species were filamentous 14.3%, foliose 20.5%, corticated 45.3%, leathery 13.7%, and articulated calcareous algae 6.2%. The (R+C)/P value was calculated as 2.9 showed temperate flora. The result of DCA showed that 16 uninhabitated islands tend to be distributed eastern and western parts. The dominant species was Ulva pertusa, while the subdominats were Gelidium divaricatum, Myelophycus simplex. The vertical distribution pattern of intertidal marine algae represented three distinct zones; Gloiopeltis furcata, Myelophycus simplex, Gelidium divaricatum - Ulva pertusa, Enteromorpha spp., Ishige okamurae - Ulva pertusa, Sargassum thunbergii, Symphyocladia latiuscula.

• 환경생물
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.293-298
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• 2019

A marine ulvalean species (Chlorophyta) was collected from the eastern coast of Korea. This species is morphologically characterized by a distromatic, dark to medium green and mostly irregularly orbicular or irregularly expanded thallus with entire or undulate margin without serrations. Vegetative cells are irregularly polygonal with distinctly rounded corners in shape, and have chloroplast completely covering the outer cell wall and one to two pyrenoids per cell. In a phylogenetic tree based on ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) sequences, this Korean alga nests in the same clade with Ulva sublittoralis, as a sister clade of U. californica, U. flexuosa and U. tanneri, which share the irregularly orbicular or expanded thallus normally without teeth cells. The genetic divergence between them is intraspecific within Ulva. Accordingly, it is identified as U. sublittoralis based on the morphological and molecular data. This is the first record of Ulva sublittoralis in the Korean marine algal flora.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.664-673
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• 2009

An intertidal marine benthic algal vegetation and vertical distribution at Youngil Bay, the eastern coast of Korea was investigated to clarify the community structure and vertical distribution by quadrat method from February 2003 to January 2009. Marine algae identified from the area were 152 species; 25 green, 38 brown and 89 red algae. The dominant species were Ulva spp., Ulva pertusa, Chaetomorpha moniligera, Undaria pinnatifida, Sargassum horneri, S. miyabei, S. thunbergii, Gelidium amansii, Corallina pilulifera, Grateloupia elliptica, G. filicina, Prionitis cornea, Chondrus ocellatus, Chondracanthus intermedia, Acrosorium polyneurum, Chondria crassicaulis, Polysiphonia morrowii and Symphyocladia latiuscula at study sites. The vertical distribution of intertidal marine algae was divided into three distinct zones. They were characterized by Porphyra spp. and Ulva spp. at the upper, Ulva spp. and Ulva pertusa at the middle, and Sargassum spp., Gelidium amansii, Grateloupia spp., Chondrus ocellatus and Chondria crassicaulis at the lower zones, respectively. Functional form group analysis showed that coarsely branched forms comprised 44.7% of the algal community, whereas thick leathery forms, sheet forms and filamentous forms comprised 6.6-25.7%. R/P, C/P and (R+C)/P values were 2.34, 0.66 and 3.00, respectively.

• ALGAE
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2002

In this study the length of ITS2 from four species of the Ulvaceae in Jeju Island varied between 167 and 203 bp. The resuits of this investigation showed that two genus, Ulva and Enteromorpha are grouped in a monophyletic assemblage with 100% bootstrap support in all phylogenetic trees. However, a thorough eamination of these characters from representatives does not provided a way to identify any unique morphological features of clasdes in this tree. This study reveals that Ulva conglobata and Ulva pertusa belong to one clade in the phylogenetic tree with the samples from Jeju Island, Korea.

• 환경생물
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.464-476
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• 2022

가속화되는 기후변화로 인해 전 세계 각지의 연안에서 해조류 대발생(macroalgal bloom)이 빈번하게 일어나고 있다. 특히, 녹조류의 대량 증식으로 인한 녹조(파래) 대발생(green tide) 현상은 지역 경제뿐만 아니라 연안 생태계 환경에도 막대한 피해를 주고 있다. 우리나라의 경우 2000년대부터 제주도 동북부 해안을 중심으로 파래대발생이 연중 지속적으로 관찰되며, 최근에는 남해와 동해 일대에서도 국지적으로 관찰되고 있다. 파래대발생의 원인 종은 갈파래속(Chlorophyta; genus Ulva)으로 알려져 있으며, 기후변화의 영향으로 해수 온도의 상승과 담지하수 및 인근지역 오염수 배출로 인한 질소와 인의 대량 유입으로 인한 영양염류 증가가 주요 원인으로 추정되고 있다. 갈파래속은 환경변화에 의해 형태적 발현의 가소성이 높은 표현형 적응성(phenotypic plasticity) 때문에 형태적 종 동정은 거의 불가능하다. 갈파래류 종 판별을 위해서는 분자유전학적 분석이 수행되어야 하나 현재 분자데이터를 이용한 갈파래 종 분포, 군집구조와 같은 생태조사연구는 매우 미흡한 실정이다. 파래대발생 피해 저감을 위해서는 파래대발생 주요 종들을 분자계통학적 분석을 통하여 정확하게 파악하는 것이 우선이다. 선행 연구에서는 2015년 파래대발생을 일으키는 주요 종 파악을 위해 핵 DNA ITS와 엽록체 DNA tufA (chloroplast elongation factor Tu) 유전자를 이용하여 분자계통학적 분석을 수행하였으며, 종 동정에는 tufa 유전자가 더 정확한 결과를 나타냈다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 tufA 유전자를 이용해 2015~2020년 제주도 연안에서 파래대발생을 일으키는 주요 구성 갈파래 종의 군집구조 및 종 다양성을 파악하고 종 구성의 시간적 변이를 확인하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 온대와 아열대 해역에서 주로 생장하는 것으로 알려진 큰갈파래와 구멍갈파래 종이 파래대발생의 주요 구성 종임을 확인하였다. 구멍갈파래는 2015년(35.75%)에서 2020년(36.18%) 기간 상대빈도의 변화가 거의 없고 안정적으로 유지되었으나, 큰갈파래의 경우 2015년(20.77%)에 비해 2020년(36.84%) 빈도가 대략 16% 증가하였다. 이러한 결과는 기후변화와 연관된 평균 해수면 온도의 상승에 큰갈파래의 높은 성장률 및 적응력과 관련이 있을 수 있으며, 제주도의 갈파래 군집을 구성하는 종 수는 2015년에는 9종이었으나 2020년에는 7종으로 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 유럽 원산지 외래종인 긴통갈파래와 굽은갈파래가 2015년과 2020년 모두 제주 연안에서 관찰되어 이 두 종에 대한 향후 지속적인 모니터링이 필요하다. 본 연구의 결과는 우리나라 연안에서 발생하는 파래대발생의 저감을 위해 주요 종인 갈파래속(genus Ulva)에 대한 분자유전학적 데이터에 대한 정보를 제공하고자 한다.