• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.141-148
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• 1998

돌고기 Pungtungia herzi 정자의 미세구조를 주사 및 투과 전자현미경적 방법으로 연구하였다. 정자는 구형의 두부, 짧은 중편 및 꼬리로 구성되어 있으며 비교적 그 구조가 단순하고 그 길이는 약 37.4$mu extrm{m}$이었다. 정자의 미세구조에서 핵에 대한 접선 방향으로의 편모 배열, 짧은 핵 그리고 미토콘드리아의 비대칭적 배열은 잉어과 정자의 공통된 특징과 마찬가지로 나타났으며, 대부분의 경골어류에서와 같이 첨체를 가지고 있지 않았다. 반면 돌고기 정자에서는 핵막의 구조와 미토콘드리아에서 현저한 특징을 나타내었다. 핵막은 매우 심하게 파동되어 있으며 얕은 핵와내의 기부 및 말단중심립은 약 130$^{\circ}$의 각도로 배열되어 있었다. 미토콘드리아는 제 1 정모세포기에 5개 이상 관찰되었으나 성숙한 정자에서는 하나의 형태로 융합되어 있었다. 이러한 양상은 융합되지 않은 다른 잉어류 정자에서의 미토콘드리아와 비교할 때 현저한 차이가 있었다. 정자의 계통 진화적 견지에서, 돌고기에서와 같이 융합된 미토콘드리아는 융합되지 않고 분리되어 있는 미토콘드리아에 비해 원거리 형질(apomorphic character)로 간주된다. 한 개의 미토콘드리아를 가지는 정자는 현재까지 Rhodeus 이외의 다른 잉어류 정자에서는 보고된 바 없었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.1080-1091
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• 2018

The eggshell, which is a complex and highly ordered structure, is very important factor for food safety and egg marketing. This study investigated the changes in eggshell structure and shell components in relationship to hen age. For this study, we examined the histological change of the endometrium of the 30-, 60-, and 72-wk-old commercial layers, and analyzed the ultrastructure and ionic composition of their eggshells. The results showed that histological deformation, fibrosis, atrophy and elimination of micro-villi in the uterus endometrium were found through microscopic observation that was associated with increasing hen age. Concentration of blood-ion components such as $Ca^{2+}$, $Na^+$, $K^+$, and $Cl^-$ ions did not change with age. Along with the results from the ultrastructure analysis of the eggshell, the palisade layer ratio and the density of mammillary knobs were significantly decreased in older hens. In addition, the type B mammillary knobs were frequently observed with increasing hen age. In the mineral element assay from the eggshell, $Ca^{2+}$, $S^{2-}$, and $Co^{2+}$ significantly decreased with increasing hen age, whereas $Na^+$, $K^+$, and $V^{2+}$ significantly increased. Therefore, the damages of endometrial tissue inhibit the processes of ion transmission and the crystallization of eggshell formation, resulting in a large and non-uniform mammillary knob formation. This means the conditions of endometrial cells affect the formation of the eggshell structure. In conclusion, hen aging causes the weakness of the eggshell and degrades the eggshell quality.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.66-79
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• 2000

한국산 쓴풀속(용담과) 식물 중 남한에 분포하는 5분류군과 변이체라 생각되는 1분류군, 총 6분류군에 대하여 줄기, 잎, 자방, 악, 자방의 횡단면, 주두, 잎표피, 주맥표면, 화관열편 표면, 밀선, 종피와 화분의 해부학적 형질과 미세구조를 조사하여 절과 종간의 한계를 분명히 하여 종 동정의 어려움을 해결하고 분류학적 위치를 설정하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 또한 북한에 분포하는 1분류군은 동경대학의 소장품을 관찰하여 분류군의 기재에 사용하였다. 연구결과, 자방의 내부구조, 밀선의 형태, 화관열편 표면의 미세구조 그리고 화분 표면의 무의 등에 의해 2개의 절로 구분되었고 밀선과 종피의 미세구조에 의해 종간의 구분이 가능하였으며, 이 형질들은 쓴풀속의 분류군들을 구별할 수 있는 매우 유용한 형질로 밝혀졌다. 변이체라고 생각되었던 큰잎쓴풀(화관 열편에 자색 점무늬를 갖는 분류군)A형은 자색 점 이외의 형질들에서는 전혀 차이를 찾아볼 수 없어 모종의 변이 폭에 넣는 것이 타당하다고 생각된다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.87-90
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• 2008

Gynaecotyla squatarolae (Digenea: Microphallidae) adult flukes were recovered from experimental chicks at day 4-6 post-infection and their tegumental ultrastructure was observed with a scanning electron microscopy. They were pyriform in shape, and their anterior halves were concaved ventrally. The whole body surface was covered with tegumental spines, which were wide and 16-17 digitated between oral and ventral suckers. The density of spines and number of digits decreased posteriorly. The oral sucker was subterminal and the excretory pore was at the posterior end of the worm. Two ventral suckers were similar in appearance and protruded near midline of the worm. The genital atrium was dextral to the small ventral sucker. The dorsal surface was covered with tegumental spines, but the spines were sparser than on the ventral surface. On the middle portion of the dorsal surface, a small opening presumed to be the Laurer's canal was seen. From these findings, it has been confirmed that the adult G. squatarolae has unique characteristics in the surface ultrastructure.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2003

The tegumental ultrastructure of juvenile and adult Himasthla alincia (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) was observed by scanning electron microscopy. One-, 5- (juveniles) and 20-day-old worms (adults) were harvested from chicks experimentally fed metacercariae from a bivalve, Mactra veneriformis. The juvenile worms were elongated and cu wed ventrally. The head crown bore 31 collar spines, arranged in a single row. The lip of the oral sucker had 12 paired, and 3 single type 1 sensory papillae, and the ventral sucker had about 25 type II sensory papillae. The anterolateral surface between the two suckers was densely packed with tegumental spines with 4-7 pointed tips. The adult worms were more elongated and filamentous, and had severe transverse folds over the whole body surface. On the head crown and two suckers, type 1 and 11 sensory papillae were more densely distributed than in the juvenile worms. Retractile brush-like spines, with 8-10 digits, were seen on the anterolateral surface, whereas claw-shaped spines, with 2-5 digits, were sparsely distributed posteriorly to the ventral sucker The cirrus characteristically protruded out, and was armed with small spines distally. The surface ultrastructure of H. alincia was shown to be unique among echinostomes, especially in the digitation of its tegumental spines, the distribution of sensory papillae and by severe folds of the tegument.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2015

The ultrastructure in the beef muscle of the electro-magnetic resonance and air blast freezing during the frozen storage, and the changes in the quality characteristics after thawing were evaluated. The size of ice crystal was small and evenly formed in the initial freezing period, and it showed that the size was increased as the storage period was elapsed (p<0.05). The beef stored by the electro-magnetic resonance freezing showed the size of ice crystal with a lower rate of increase than the air blast freezing during the frozen storage. The thawing loss of beef stored by the electro-magnetic resonance freezing was significantly lower than the air blast freezing during frozen storage (p<0.05), and it showed that the thawing loss of the round was higher than the loin. Water holding capacity decreased as the storage period became longer while the electro-magnetic resonance freezing was higher than the air blast on 8 month (p<0.05). As a result of sensory evaluation, the beef stored by the electro-magnetic resonance freezing did not show the difference until 4 months, and it showed higher acceptability in comparison with the beef stored by the air blast freezing. Thus, it is considered that the freezing method has an effect on the change in the ultrastructure and quality characteristics of the beef.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2017

Background: Species in the heterokont genus Synura are colonial and have silica scales whose ultrastructural characteristics are used for classification. We examined the ultrastructure of silica scales and molecular data (nuclear SSU rDNA and LSU rDNA, and plastid rbcL sequences) to better understand the taxonomy and phylogeny within the section Petersenianae of genus Synura. In addition, we report the first finding of newly recorded Synura species from Korea. Results: We identified all species by examination of scale ultrastructure using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). Three newly recorded species from Korea, Synura americana, Synura conopea, and Synura truttae were described based on morphological characters, such as cell size, scale shape, scale size, keel shape, number of struts, distance between struts, degree of interconnections between struts, size of base plate pores, keel pores, base plate hole, and posterior rim. The scales of the newly recorded species, which belong to the section Petersenianae, have a well-developed keel and a characteristic number of struts on the base plate. We performed molecular phylogenetic analyses based on sequence data from three genes in 32 strains (including three outgroup species). The results provided strong statistical support that the section Petersenianae was monophyletic, and that all taxa within this section had well-developed keels and a defined number of struts on the base plate. Conclusions: The phylogenetic tree based on sequence data of three genes was congruent with the data on scale ultrastructure. The resulting phylogenetic tree strongly supported the existence of the section Petersenianae. In addition, we propose newly recorded Synura species from Korea based on phylogenetic analyses and morphological characters: S. americana, S. conopea, and S. truttae.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.1353-1359
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• 2001

The present study was undertaken to assess the influence of dimethyl-sulfoxide plus sucrose solution as a cryoprotectant on the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, the ultrastructure and the embryonic development of bovine oocytes matured in vitro. We measured the amount of ATP in cumulus cells enclosed oocytes (CO) or denuded oocytes (DO) equilibrated with or removed from the cryoprotectant (1.5 M DMSO + 0.25 M sucrose + 20% fetal bovine serum in physiological saline). As a result, the ATP contents in both CO and DO, equilibrated with the cryoprotectant, were significantly lower (p<0.05) than that of the each control group. However, ATP content of DO was recovered to the level of the control group ailer removal of the cryoprotectant, but failed to restore for CO. In the observation of the ultrastructure by a transmission electron microscope, all of the mitochondria in the ooplasm of CO and DO equilibrated with the cryoprotectant were swollen with peripherally located cristae following decreased electron density. However, a large proportion of these swollen mitochondria were restored to the normal shape which can be observed usually in the control group after removal from the cryoprotectant. To the contrary, the morphology of many mitochondria of the cumulus cells in CO were not recovered to that of the control group after removal of the cryoprotectant. CO with removed cryoprotectant had significantly lower embryonic development up to the blastocysts stage (p<0.05) after in vitro fertilization compared with that in the control group. These results suggest that the addition and removal of a cryoprotectant has a negative effect for the ATP content of cumulus enclosed oocytes. One of the factor(s) causing the lower embryonic development after removal of cryoprotectant, may be associated with ATP metabolism.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제33권9호
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• pp.707-715
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• 2000

Background: Cold blood cardioplegic solution has been used to protect myocardium during open heart surgery with the hypothesis stating that it provides more oxygen supply to myocardium compared to crystalloid caridoplegic solution. We repeatedly infused cold blood cardioplegic solution to achieve myocardial protection. We biopsied a small portion of papillary muscle of patients with mitral valve replacement or double valve replacement during aortic cross-clamp time and evaluated the method of myocardial protection through the observation of changes in ultrastructure. We then analysed the relationship between changes in ultrasructure and peak postoperative CK-MB value and SGOT value. Material and method: We report observation on changes of myocardial ultrastructure, postoperative CK-MB and SGOT, and electrocardiogram in 31 patients who underwent cardiac operation. There were 11 males and 20 females, and they ranging in age from 28 to 69 years(mean score was 2.08$\pm$0.560, it was 2.37$\pm$0.558 at 40 minutes, and it was 2.36$\pm$0.523 at 70minutes. Mitochondrial score increased significant at 40 minutes. Mean value of postoperative peak CK-MB and SGOT were 37.3$\pm$17.061IU, 144.5$\pm$125.5IU respectively. We were not able to find any new Q were in EKG after the operation. There was no significant relationship between myocardium mitochondrial score and mean value of postoperative peak CK-MB and SGOT. Conclusion: In conclusion, with this study the cold blood cardioplegic solution was incomplete in preserving ultrastructure of myocardium even with satisfactory results in serum enzyme and EKG evaluation.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.13-30
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• 1985

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of lead on organisms. Mice received 15mg or 30mg of lead acetate per kg body weight every day for 1, 2 or 3 weeks, and the livers and kidneys were removed 24h after repeated injections. The livers and kidneys were used as sources for measurement of enzyme activities and for observation of alterations in ultrastructure. It was observed that body weights of mice treated with lead acetate were decreased when compared with those before treatment. This decrease in body weight was proportional to dose. The enzyme activities of succinate and malate dehydrogenases of experimental group that was treated with lead acetate for 1 week were nearly unchanged when compared with controls, but the enzyme activities of experimental group that was treated with lead acetate for 2 or 3 weeks were lower than those of controls. Changes in the enzyme activities were dependent on, but were not proportional to dose. Histologic examination of livers and kidneys after lead treatment showed that lead compound was accumulated and damaged in nucleus and mitochondria mainly. It was also observed that intranuclear inclusion bodies were formed only in epithelial cell of kidney proximal tubule after lead treatment. The overall changes in the ultrastructure were much greater in the livers than in the kidneys. From the above results, it nay be possible to conclude that the lead results in the decrease in body weight, reduction in the succinate dehydrogenate and malate dehydrogenase activities, and damages in the ultrastructure of kidney and liver in mouse. The presence of intranuclear inclusion bodies only in the kidney implies that these bodies protect the kidney from lead toxicity to some extent.