• Applied Microscopy
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1978

The aim of this research was to discover the action mechanism of various antituberculosis agents (isoniazid, paraaminosalicylic acid and streptomycin) which act on Mycobacteria tuberculosis hominis $H_{37}R_v$ and also to study the relationship of ultrastructural changes and the growth pattern in Mycobacterium tuberculosis hominis. The ultrastructural change was observed with an electron microscope while the growth pattern was studied through in vitro culture. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The ultrastructural changes found in the group treated only with isoniazid were the loss of nuclear materials and the appearence of electron dense granules. 2. In the group treated with paraaminosalicylic acid, thickening of nuclear filaments and meso some arrangement disorders were observed. 3. In the group treated with streptomycin, the ribosome particles appeared indistinct and the cytoplasm was denaturalized. 4. In the group cross treated with all three agents, all the ultrastructural changes mentioned above could be observed in the cell just as they appeared in the single treated groups. 5. In all of the single and in the crossly treated group, there were no significant changes note in the cell wall or cytoplasmic membranes of any of the cells observed. 6. In the cultural data in vitro, through the crossly treated group and single treated group. growth was observed in 3-5 weeks of culture.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.115-130
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• 1987

The present experiment was performed to investigate the acute effects of cadmium on ultrastructural and biochemical changes in mouse kidney and compare these changes with liver damage. Mouse were injected with cadmium chloride at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight. After treatment, mouse were sacrificed at time intervals of 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours. It was observed that ultrastructural changes in mouse kidney were composed of swelling of mitochondria, dilation in endoplasmic reticulum, wrinkling at basal infolded membrane, formation of autophagosome and partial loss of microvilli in brush. border, and that ultrastructural changes in liver were mitochondrial change, dilation and deterioration of rough endoplasmic reticulum and proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Biochemical effects of cadmium were more severe on liver than kidney. Therefore, acutely injected cadmium caused not only liver damage, but also kidney damage.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2001

The mobilization of food reserves and ultrastructural changes in th cotyledons of germinating soybean seeds (Glycine max L. Mer. Cultivar Amsoy) and seedlings were studied by using light and transmission electron microscopy. When germinating began, the cotyledon tissues were packed with protein an lipid bodies. Mobilization of the reserves started in epidermis and vascular bundles. After three days of seedling growth, significant reductions of protein and lipid bodies were observed; concurrently, the numbers of starch grains, glyoxysoms, and mitochondria were increased. These ultrastructural changes are discussed with reference to the metabolism of the germinating soybean seeds and seedlings.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.351-357
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• 1989

To investigate the effect of alcohol on the ultrastructural changes of liver the experiment was undertaken by dividing in 3 groups (control, alcohol and alcohol-camitine groups). Chronic administration of ethanol to adult rats led to striking fat accumulation and ultrastructural changes in the liver. Mitochondrial abnormalities. dilation of endoplasmic reticulum, focal cytoplasmic degradation, dilation of bile canalicli and swelling of nucleus were observed. In alcohol-carnitine group, there were less fat accumulation and ultrastructural changes than alcohol group. These alterations suggest that ethanol is very toxic to the liver and carnitine prevents fat accumulation induced by alcohol. 알콜이 흰쥐 간장의 미세구조에 미치는 영향을 관찰하기위해 대조군, 알콜 처리군, 알콜-carnitine처리군으로 나누어 실험하였다. 만성적인 알콜 투여는 간에서의 지방축적을 유발하였으며 미토콘드리아의 이상, 소포체의 팽대, 세포질의 손상 Bile canaliculi의 확장 및 핵의 수축 등의 미세구조적 변화를 가져왔다. 알롤- carnitine으로 처리한 군에서는 지방의 축적과 미세구조의 변화가 알콜 처리군에서 보다는 약하였다. 이러한 구조적 변화는 알콜이 간에 매우유독하며 carnitine은 알콜에 의해 유발된 지방의 축적을 방지해 보여주는 것으로 사료된다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.174-181
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• 1985

Ultrastructural changes in the chloroplast of apple fruits was examined with Malus Pumila Mill var. Fugi harvested during preclimacteric stage the subatmospheric pressure storage condition at 380mmHg, $20^{\circ}C$. Electron micrographs obtained from the fruits stored at 760mmHg, $20^{\circ}C$ indicated that the initiation of ultrastructural changes is in parallel with the onset of respiratory climacteric. Chloroplast of the apple fruits stored for 25 days is vacuolated and the lamellar system are a little disorganized. Chloroplast of the apple fruits stored for 50 days is showing extensive vacuolation, the lamellar system are completely disorganized and the plasma membrane has pulled away from the cell wall. In the case of subatmospheric presssure storage caused to delay the onset of ultrastructural changes in chloroplast such as vacuolation, disorganization of lamellar system and dispersal of stroma lamella about 2 months. These results suggested that ripening of apple fruits is correlated not only to the activity of respiration but to the involvement of ultrastructural changes in fruit cells. The evidences obtained here led to the conclusion that subatmospheric pressure treatment extends storage life of apple fruits by inhibiting ultrastructural changes of cell organelles in concomitance with respiratory activity.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.27-45
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• 1991

To study the effects of dietry methionine level on lipid peroxidation of rats, rats were fed vitamin E, selenium and methionine - deficient diet or the same diet supplemented with various levels(0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9%) of methionine for 6 weeks. The biochemincal and mophological changes in the rat liver were investigated. Lipid peroxide levels in plasma and hepatic mitochondrial fraction of MF rats were more increased than those of control rats. However, supplementation with 0.6% methionine modified this increment. Catalase activity was decreased in hepatic mitochondrial fraction from rats fed MF diet. Methionine supplementation did not induce this enzyme. The ultrastructural evidence for lipid peroxidation was found in plasma membranes facing sinusoids. The most striking changes in including disruption and loss of microvilli and development of numerous lipid droplets occurred in rats fed MF diet. These changes were not effectively prevented by the same diet supplemented with 0.3% or 0.9% methionine, but supplementation with 0.6% methionine modulated more or less the changes.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.315-328
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• 1996

This study aims to demonstrate the effect of SOD (superoxide dismutase), one of the antioxidant enzymes, on the ultrastructural changes in the parietal cells caused by the administration of cisplatin in the rat. A total of 60 healthy Sprague-Dawley rats weighing about 200 gm were used as experimental animals. Cisplatin (6 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally to rats pretreated with 15,000 unit/kg of SOD or rats without the pretreatment. The experimental animals were sacrificed at 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours and 3 days after the administration of cisplatin. The results were as follows: 1. SOD alone did not affect the ultrastructural changes in the gastric parietal cells in the rat. 2. Irregular shaped mitochondria, mitochondria with dim cristae, dilated cristae, ruptured outer membrane, electron lucent matrix and degenerative mitochondria were seen in cisplatin treated rat. Whorled membranous body, many lysosomes and large vacuole were observed in the gastric parietal cells in cisplatin treated rat. 3. Mitochondria with dilated cristae and electron lucent matrix and irregular shaped mitochondria were observed in the gastric parietal cells of the cisplatin treated rat with pretreatment of SOD. These results suggest that SOD attenuates the toxic effect of the cisplatin in the gastric parietal cells of the rat.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

The acute toxicity and sublethal effects of nitrite on the dark-banded rockfish, Sebastes inermis (mean body weight: $83.3{\pm}7.2$ g), were studied under static conditions for a period of 96 h. The acute toxicity of nitrite was at the 50% lethal concentration ($LC_{50}$) of 700 mg/L. The sublethal effects on selected hematological parameters of the dark-banded rockfish, such as its osmolality, hematocrit, cortisol, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), were measured after 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of exposure to 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, or 700 mg/L nitrite. Sublethal nitrite caused a progressive reduction in the hematocrit of the fish, depending on the nitrite concentration and the exposure period. Exposure to 100-700 mg/L nitrite for 96 h caused a reduction in the hematocrit and an increase in cortisol, ALT, and AST compared with the control levels. Abnormal ultrastructural changes in the gills and liver tissues were observed in fish exposed to 700 mg/L nitrite for up to 96 h compared with the control tissues. Ultrastructural changes included atrophic gill mitochondria and hepatocytes that developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum and atrophic mitochondria. Although no rockfish mortality occurred at 500 mg/L nitrite, all the hematological parameters examined responded adversely to a nitrite dose of 200 mg/L for 96 h. These results show that although the acute toxic concentration of nitrite for the dark-banded rockfish is > 700 mg/L, sublethal concentrations of nitrite also negatively affect its hematological parameters.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.78-84
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• 1999

Ultrastructural changes in the cuticle of Paleamon serrifer associated with the intermolt cycle were examined and quantified as changes in the cuticular thickness. The cuticular thickness in each zoea stage increased with time elapsed after molting. The cuticle in the premolt stage was about 1.5 and 3 times thicker than that in the postmolt and intermolt stage, respectively. The cuticle in the premolt stage, including the molting space, was more than 5 times as thick as in the postmolt stage. In addition, newly hatched larvae were individually reared in the laboratory and body length for each specimen was measured frequently until the end of zoea VI. An average increase in body length between one zoea stage and the next is about $10\%$ of the length of the previous stage. Within individual zoea stages, the premolt stage had a body length some 0.3% longer than that of the postmolt stage, indicating a growth rate of about 0.03 mm/d.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.59-73
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• 1989

To investigate the effect of cadmium and cadmium binding protein on the electron transport system and conformational changes of rat kidney mitochondria, various cadmium concentration were treated in vitro and respiration rate, NADH-CoQ reductase activity were measured. Ultrastructural changes at state IV respiration were also observed. CdBP was isolated from the rat liver by Sephadex G-75 column fractionation and treated in vitro with cadmium. Also mitochondrial state IV respiration rate was measured. When cadmium was treated in vitro, state IV respiration and enzyme activity were decreased and ultrastructural transformation of mitochondria from a condensed to an orthodox conformation was inhibited under state IV respiration. In case cadmium and CdBP were treated together, oxygen consumption was more increased than cadmium only. Conformational changes of mitochondria from a condensed to orthodox conformation were also observed. This indicates that CdBP have a protective effect against cadmium toxicity.