• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.116-123
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• 2023

압전 HIFU 트랜스듀서는 바이오 의료분야에 적용되고 있는 새로운 기술로 발생한 초음파 에너지를 열로 변환하여 사용하는 디바이스이다. 최근 HIFU 디바이스는 7 MHz 이상의 고 작동 주파수를 갖는 디바이스를 개발하는 추세이다. 본 논문에서는 유한요소법을 이용해 10MHz 작동주파수를 갖는 HIFU 트랜스듀서에 의해 발생된 tissue에서의 음압 및 온도분포를 계산하고, 압력의 focusing 특성 등을 분석하였다. HIFU의 형상변수로는 압전소재 두께, 렌즈 형상, 물 높이, 필름의 두께 등을 고려하였다. 그 결과, 디바이스의 발생 음압은 렌즈의 H_L/R_L 비가 증가함에 따라 증가하다 일정한 값에 도달하는 경향을 보이고 있다. 그러나 디바이스의 focusing 면적은 렌즈의 H_L/R_L 비가 증가함에 급격하게 감소하는 특성을 보이고 있다. 최적 형상을 갖는 HIFU 디바이스의 경우, 최대 음압 및 온도는 각각 19 MPa 및 65도 정도로 분석되었다. 또한 축방향 및 이와 수직한 방향에서 -3 d B 초점 거리는 각각 2.3 mm 및 0.23 mm 정도인 것으로 나타났다

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.449-456
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• 2013

목적: 본 연구는 저강도 맥동 초음파적용이 흰쥐의 전층 상처 치유와 아교질 축적 및 아교질 mRNA발현에 미치는 영향을 규명할 목적으로 시행하였다. 방법: 12마리의 Sprague-Dawley계 흰쥐를 저강도 맥동 초음파군(n=6)과 대조군(n=6)에 무작위 배정하고 등에 $19.63mm^2$ 크기의 전층 적출 상처를 만든 다음 저강도 맥동 초음파군은 3 MHz, 순환주기 20%, SATA 강도 $0.4W/cm^2$로 1일 1회, 1회 5분씩 초음파를 적용하고, 대조군은 가짜 초음파를 적용하였다. 7일간 처치 후 초음파군과 대조군의 아교질 축적, 아교질 mRNA 발현, 상처치유율, 절반치유시간을 비교하였다. 결과: 초음파군의 아교질 축적(p<05)과 아교질 mRNA 발현(p<.01)이 대조군보다 유의하게 증가하였고, 상처치유율(p<.05)과 절반치유시간(p<.0)도 초음파군의 대조군보다 유의하게 빨랐다. 결론: 본 연구에서 전층 상처에 저강도 맥동 초음파를 적용한 결과 상처 치유가 촉진되었고 육아조직에 아교질 축적이 증가하였다. 이러한 결과는 맥동 초음파의 기계적 자극이 제 1형 아교질 mRNA 전사활동을 촉진시키는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.353-359
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• 2017

대표적인 저강도 초음파 자극 기술인 음파영동은 초음파의 물리적 진동과 온열 효과를 이용하여 약물을 인체 표피 내부로 전달시키는 기법이다. 음파영동법은 치료 약물 전달의 효율을 높일 수 있으며, 인슐린이나 지질 등 분자 크기가 비교적 큰 약물의 전달에도 효과적이라는 장점을 갖는다. 본 연구에서는 효율적인 음파영동 치료를 위하여 대면적 단일 진동소자와 치료 부위에 약물 이송 기능을 갖는 복합 구조 초음파 변환기 어셈블리를 제안하였다. 또한, 치료 부위의 온도를 상승 및 유지시킬 수 있는 변환기 어셈블리 구조를 제안하고 유효성을 평가하였다. 본 연구에서 제안된 변환기 어셈블리는 지속적으로 정량의 약물을 제공하고, 가온을 통하여 약물 전달을 보조함으로써 초음파를 이용한 음파영동 시술의 효율을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.669-676
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• 2006

PAHs are major pollutants that are widely distributed in soil and groundwater environment, so that may be regarded as carcinogens. We investigated the degradation kinetics of PAH in aqueous solution when low pressure UV energy and ultrasonic irradiation were applied. Phenanthrene and pyrene were used as model compounds. The degrees of degradation of these compounds with time were analyzed with a GC/MSD (SIM-mode). UV photolysis experiments showed that phenanthrene was reduced by 90 -67% at initial concentrations of 1 ppm to 8ppm whilst it decreased to 50% at 10 ppm. Under the same conditions pyrene was degraded up to about 75% at lower initial concentrations but the reduction efficiency dropped to a level of 34 to 29% at the higher concentrations above 8 ppm. The reaction orders for phenanthrene and pyrene were found to be zero-th and ca. -0.4th order, respectively, thus implying that the reported assumption of pseudo 1st order reaction for some PAHs would be no longer valid. PAH degradation was roughly proportional to the intensity of UV (number of lamps), exhibiting maximum 92.5% of the degradation efficiency. The solution pH was lowered to 4.4 from 6.4 during the experiments partially because the carbons decomposed by the energy reacted with oxygen radicals to produce carbon dioxides. Ultrasonic irradiation on phenanthrene solutions gave relatively poor results which matched to 50 to 70% of degradation efficiency even at 2 ppm of initial concentration. Phenanthrene was found to be degraded more efficiently than pyrene for the two energy sources. Ultrasound also followed the same reaction kinetics as UV energy on PAH degradation.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.393-397
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• 2007

The sonolytic decomposition of NHCs(Nitrogen Heterocyclic Compounds), such as atrazine[6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine], simazine(6-chloro-N,N'-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), trietazine(6-chloro-N,N,N'-triethyl-1,3, 5-triazine-2,4-diamine), in water was investigated at a ultrasound frequency of 200kHz with an acoustic intensity of 200W under argon and air atmospheres. The concentration of NHCs decreased with irradiation, indicating pseudo-first-order kinetics. The rates were in the range $1.06{\sim}2.07({\times}10^{-2}min^{-1})$ under air and $1.30{\sim}2.59({\times}10^{-2}min^{-1})$ under argon at a concentration of $200{\mu}M$ of NHCs. The rate of hydroxyl radicals(${\bullet}{OH}$) formation from water is $19.8{\mu}M\;min^{-1}$ under argon and $14.7{\mu}M\;min^{-1}$ under air in the same sonolysis conditions. The sonolysis of NHCs is effectively inhibited, but not completely, by the addition of t-BuOH(2-methyl-2-propanol), which is known to be an efficient ${\bullet}{OH}$ radical scavenger in aqueous sonolysis. This suggests that the main decomposition of NHCs proceeds via reaction with ${\bullet}{OH}$ radical; a thermal reaction also occurs, although its contribution is small. The addition of appropriate amounts of Fenton's reagent $[Fe^{2+}]$ accelerates the decomposition. This is probably due to the regeneration of ${\bullet}{OH}$ radicals from hydrogen peroxide, which would be formed from recombination of ${\bullet}{OH}$ radicals and which may contribute a little to the decomposition.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.166-173
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• 2018

In order to investigate the effect of Mn on the dielectric and piezoelectric properties of PMN-PT [$Pb(Mg_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})O_3-PbTiO_3$], four different types of 71PMN-29PT samples were prepared using the solid-state single crystal growth (SSCG) method: (1) Undoped single crystals, (2) undoped polycrystalline ceramics, (3) Mn-doped single crystals, and (4) Mn-doped polycrystalline ceramics. In the case of single crystals, the addition of 0.5 mol% Mn to PMN-PT decreased the dielectric constant ($K_3{^T}$), piezoelectric charge constant ($d_{33}$), and dielectric loss (tan ${\delta}$) by about 50%, but increased the coercive electric field ($E_C$) by 50% and the electromechanical quality factor ($Q_m$) by 500%, respectively. The addition of Mn to PMN-PT induced an internal bias electric field ($E_I$) and thus specimens changed from piezoelectrically soft-type to piezoelectrically hard-type. This Mn effect was more significant in single crystals than in ceramics. These results demonstrate that Mn-doped 71PMN-29PT single crystals, because they are piezoelectrically hard and simultaneously have high piezoelectric and electromechanical properties, have great potential for application in fields of SONAR transducers, high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), and ultrasonic motors.

• 한국환경과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경과학회 2003년도 International Symposium on Clean Environment
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• pp.171-176
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• 2003

The sonolytic decomposition of NHCs, such as atrazine［6-chloro-N-ethyl-N＇ -(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine］, simazine( 6-chloro-N,N＇ -diethyl-l ,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), trietazine(6-chloro-N,N,N＇-triethyl-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), in water was investigated at a ultrasound frequency of 200kHz with an acoustic intensity of 200W under argon and air atmospheres. The concentration of NHCs decreased with irradiation, indicating pseudo-first-order kinetics. The rates were in the range 1.06∼2.07 (x10/sup -3/ min/sup -1/) under air and 1.30∼2.59(x10/sup -3/ min/sup -1/)under argon at a concentration of 200μM of NHCs. The rate of hydroxyl radicals(·OH) formation from water is 19.8μM min/sup -1/ under argon and 14.7 μM min/sup -1/ under air in the same sonolysis conditions. The sonolysis of NHCs is effectively inhibited, but not completely, by the addition of t-BuOH(2-methyl-2-propanol), which is known to be an efficient ·OH radical scavenger in aqueous sonolysis. This suggests that the main decomposition of NHCs proceeds via reaction with ·OH radical; a thermal reaction also occurs, although its contribution is small. The addition of appropriate amounts of Fenton's reagent ［Fe/sup 2＋/］ accelerates the decomposition. This is probably due to the regeneration of ·OH radicals from hydrogen peroxide, which would be formed from recombination of ·OH radicals and which may contribute a little to the decomposition.

• 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
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• 제3권6호
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• pp.231-236
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• 2014

의료 초음파 영상에서 조영제의 전이시간과 조영효과 변화 곡선 특성에 대한 파라미터는 각종 소화기 질환을 진단하는 중요한 인자가 된다. 이러한 진단인자들에 대한 육안판별의 어려움을 극복하기 위하여 파라미터 영상의 자동 생성 기법을 구현할 수 있는데 이 과정에서 마이크로 버블형태의 노이즈와 호흡에 의한 흔들림 현상은 추출된 영상의 신뢰도를 저하 시킨다. 이에 본 연구에서는 MRF(Markov Random Field) 모델을 기반으로 하는 최적화 기법을 적용하여 파라미터 영상을 개선하는 방법을 고찰하며, 호흡에 의한 영상의 흔들림을 보정하기 위한 영상추적 기법을 제시한다. 세부적으로 초음파 동영상 원시 데이터로부터 호흡주기 추출 기법을 구현하였으며, 추출된 주기를 기반으로 모멘텀 요소와 동적 가중치를 반영하는 ROI(Region of Interest) 추적 알고리즘을 적용하였다. 또한 영상 개선 기법에 적용되는 Gibbs 샘플러의 에너지 함수를 정의하고 실제 간질환 진단 데이터를 대상으로 영상 개선 효과를 실험적으로 평가하였다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2010

Purpose: This study investigated the effect of taping therapy on metacarpophalangeal (MCP) disorders of the thumb. Methods: Twenty eight patients were enrolled in this study. They were randomly assigned to experimental (n=16) or a control group (n=12). The experimental and control groups received Ultrasound (Gymna Pulson 200) operating at a frequency of 3MHz and an intensity of $1.0W/cm^2$ with a 100% duty cycle for 10 minutes. The experimental group received, additionally, taping using Kinesiotape on the injured thumb. The following parameters were measured:pain during rest and flexion of the thumb, tenderness, range of motion (ROM), pinch and spherical grip power pre- and post-treatment. This study was carried out 3 days per week throughout the 2-week treatment. Results: There were significant improvements in pain during rest and flexion of the thumb, tenderness, ROM, pinch and spherical grip power between pre- and post-treatment times in both groups (p<0.05). However, there was a significant difference in all parameters between the experimental and control groups (p<0.05). Finally, the satisfaction level after intervention was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Taping is effective for treating pain and dysfunction in patients with thumb disorders.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.150-157
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• 2017

Three types of piezoelectric single crystals [PMN-PT (Generation I $[Pb(Mg_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})O_3-PbTiO_3]$), PMN-PZT (Generation II $[Pb(Mg_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})O_3-Pb(Zr,Ti)O_3]$), PMN-PZT-Mn (Generation III)] were grown by the solid-state single crystal growth (SSCG) method, and their dielectric and piezoelectric properties were measured and compared. Compared to (001) PMN-PT and PMN-PZT single crystals, the (001) PMN-PZT-Mn single crystals exhibited a higher transition temperature between the rhombohedral and tetragonal phases ($T_{RT}=144^{\circ}C$), as well as a higher coercive electric field ($E_C=6.3kV/cm$) and internal bias field ($E_I=1.6kV/cm$). The (011) PMN-PZT-Mn single crystals showed the highest coercive electric field ($E_C=7.0kV/cm$), and the highest stability of $E_C$ and $E_I$ during 60 cycles of polarization measurement. These results demonstrate that both Mn doping (for higher electromechanical quality factor ($Q_m$)) and a (011) crystallographic orientation (for higher coercive electric field and stability) are necessary for high power transducer applications of these piezoelectric single crystals. Specifically, the (011) PMN-PZT-Mn single crystal (Gen. III) had the highest potential for application in the fields of SONAR transducers, high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), ultrasonic motors, and others.