• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.8-13
• /
• 2015

Antenatal hydronephrosis (ANH) is one of the most common abnormal findings detected on prenatal ultrasound (US), and it has been reported in 1-5% of all pregnancies. The likelihood of significant postnatal pathologic abnormality in the urinary tract correlates with the degree of anterior-posterior diameter (APD) according to the gestational age. Detection of urologic anomalies prenatally permits fetal interventions that avoid complications in rare cases of bladder outlet obstruction with oligohydramnios even though their final benefits still remain controversial. There is no clear consensus on the extent and mode of postnatal imaging after a diagnosis of ANH. US is the mainstay of the postnatal evaluation and helps guide further testing with voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) and diuretic renography. Although most algorithms continue to recommend generous VCUG for identification of lower urinary tract anomalies, VCUG may be safely reserved for high grade ANH cases or any grade of ANH with dilated distal ureter without increasing the risk of urinary tract infection (UTI). There are conflicting studies about efficacy of postnatal prophylactic antibiotics. It still seems reasonable to consider use of a prophylactic antibiotic to prevent infant UTIs in high-risk populations, such as females and uncircumcised males with high grades of hydronephrosis, hydroureteronephrosis, or vesicouretral reflux.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권7호
• /
• pp.2871-2877
• /
• 2015

Background: Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is a malignant neoplasm that most commonly occurs in the urinary bladder. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathologic features, recurrence and progression in patients with bladder urothelial cancer. Materials and Methods: The medical records of patients diagnosed with UC in the state pathology laboratory between January 2006 and July 2014 were retrospectively included. Carcinomas were categorized according to age, gender, histologic grade, tumor configuration, pathologic staging, recurrence status, and progression. Results: A total of 125 (113 men, 12 women) patients were examined. The mean age was 65.9 years and the male-to-female urothelial cancer incidence ratio was 9.4:1. Low-grade UCs were observed in 85 (68%) and high-grade in 40 (32%). A papillary tumor pattern was observed in 67.2% of the UCs. Cases were classified with the following pathological grades: 34 (27.2%) cases of pTa, 70 (56%) of pT1, and 21 (16.8%) of pT2. Recurrence occurred in 27 (21.6%) patients. Ten progressed to a higher stage (pT1 to pT2), and three cases to higher grade (low to high). We also analyzed the results separately for 70 (56%) patients 65 years of age and older. Conclusions: With early detection and diagnosis of precursor lesions in older patients, by methods such as standard urologic evaluation, urinary cytology, ultrasound scanning and contrast urography, and cystoscopy, in addition to coordinated efforts between pathologists and urologists, early diagnosis may reduce the morbidity and mortality of patients with urothelial carcinoma.

• 대한핵의학회지
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.34-38
• /
• 2002

Positron emission tomography(PET) is an imaging method that employs radionuclide and tomography techniques. Since 1995, we applied PET not only to the diagnosis of breast cancer but also to the detection of abnormalities in the augmented breast and to the detection of metastasis. Until 2001, we evaluated 242 breast cases by PET at PET center of Seoul National University Hospital. Our group has reported serially at the international journals. In the first report, PET showed high sensitivity for detecting breast cancer, both the primary and axillary node metastasis. A total of 27 patients underwent breast operations based on PET results at Seoul National University Hospital from 1995 to 1996. The diagnostic accuracy of PET were 97% for the primary tumor mass and 96% for axillary lymph node metastasis. In case of the breast augmented, PET also showed excellent diagnostic results for primary breast cancer and axillary lymph node metastasis where mammography and ultrasound could not diagnose properly. PET also had outstanding results in the detection of recurrent or metastatic breast cancer(sensitivity 94%, specificity 80%, accuracy 89%). In addition, our study gave some evidence that PET could be applied further to evaluate the growth rate of tumors by measuring SUV, and finally to prognosticated the disease. PET could also be applied to evaluate the response after chemotherapy to measure its metabolic rate and size. In conclsion, PET is a highly sensitive, accurate diagnostic tool for breast cancer of primary lesion in various conditions including metastasis.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제35권6호
• /
• pp.729-734
• /
• 2008

Purpose: The evaluation and management of a completely transected tendon of the hand is relatively clear. In most cases, the integrity is assessed by physical examination(eg, broken normal cascade, motion loss) but occasionally, It happens in troubles. because of pain, limited patient cooperation(eg, child, unconscious patient), and other associated injuries(eg, fractures, foreign bodies). Methods: From september 2006 to August 2007, 28 patients were evaluated with real time ultrasonography preoperatively and postoperatively. Twenty eight patients with injured tendon were evaluated using an HDI 5000 Sono CT(Philips Medical Systems, Bothell, WA) machine with a high resolution, 7.5MHz hockey stick linear probe. Dynamic evaluation was performed in real time. Results: Surgery was performed after the ultrasonographic evaluation. Sonographic diagnosis and intraoperative findings were correlated. Ultrasonographic findings show tendon discontinuity, gaps, and fluid collection. Conclusion: We conclude that ultrasonography is helpful in evaluating and managing acute tendon injury. Especially, in cases of completely lacerated tendon, ultrasonography can identify the location of the proximal tendon stump and partial lacerated tendon, ultrasonographic diagnostic tool can decrease misdiagnosis.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.19-26
• /
• 2000

This paper reports our 9-year experience treating 34 infants with biliary atresia utilizing a new non-invasive diagnostic method, ultrasonographic "triangular cord"(TC) sign. The TC sign is present when there is visualization of a triangular or a band-like echogenicity just cranial to the portal vein. The ultrasonographic TC sign appears to be a simple, non-invasive, time-saving and useful tool in the diagnosis of biliary atresia. Sensitivity is 84 %. Active bile excretion was restored in 90 % of the patients who were treated between 31-60days, 78 % of those between 61-90 days, and 33 % of those being 91days or older. The incidence of postoperative cholangitis was 36 %. Construction of an antireflux valve in the Roux-en-Y loop did not affect the incidence of postoperative cholangitis(p=0.18). Among 34 infants with biliary atresia, 23(68 %) are alive for 2-102 months after operation, and 12 are alive for more than 5 years. Five-year estimate survival by Kaplan-Meier method was 66 %.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.314-318
• /
• 2011

Recently, ultrasound, infrared detector, V-I characteristic, gas analysis, UV (ultra-violet rays) camera etc. is used as inspections and diagnoses of the safety of power equipment. Especially, UV camera have attracted a great deal of interest from the view point of easy judgement. UV camera is used corona discharge. One of the most important and difficult problems to be solved filer design, materials and corona discharge. This paper is studied on the temperature characteristics, UV generation and shape analysis and corona pulse count according to the electrode distance and applied voltage. Also, Corona discharge characteristics in air are analyzed using prototype UV camera of Korea. UV generation due to surface discharge of AC is higher than that of DC.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.89-94
• /
• 2016

Purpose: Molecular genetic analysis is the main approach used for prenatal diagnosis of hemophilia A and B. However, in certain cases, such analysis is uninformative. In such situations, direct measurement of fetal coagulation factor levels is still the best option, and it may be the only option in some cases. This study was conducted to determine the normal ranges of mid-trimester cord blood factor VIII (FVIII) and IX (FIX) in a Korean population. Materials and Methods: Twenty-six FVIII samples and 29 FIX samples were assayed in fetal cord blood acquired by ultrasound-guided cordocentesis. Sampling was conducted during gestational ages of 19-24 weeks. Results: The mean and standard deviations for FVIII and FIX activity were $45.5{\pm}30.5%$ and $19.9{\pm}12.2%$, respectively. Ranges for FVIII and FIX were 1.5-125.0% and 6.0-52.0%, respectively. Conclusion: Our study revealed the normal ranges and lowest level of factor VIII and factor IX in non-affected normal fetus by fetal cord blood sampling during the mid-trimester in a Korea population. The factor assay of the fetal cord blood is invasive but feasible and provides important basic data related to hemophilia.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제39권3호
• /
• pp.138-143
• /
• 2022

A 21-year-old female Halla Horse weighing 248 kg was referred to the Jeju National University Equine Hospital with the chief complaint of anorexia accompanied by general weakness and depression for the previous three days suspected to be related to colic. Extensive diagnostic tests were performed for the following six days, including complete blood count (CBC), serum chemistry, gastroscopy, x-rays, and ultrasound imaging. The signalment, history, symptoms, and test results strongly suggested a chronic intestinal inflammatory disease with or without an alimentary tumor; hence, an exploratory laparotomy was performed. Almost the entire small intestine wall was severely thickened with diffuse ecchymosis on the serosa and protruded nodules on the mucosa. A presumptive diagnosis of an intestinal tumor was made, and the patient was euthanized, considering the patient's welfare with poor prognosis and low expectancy. A massive part of the small intestine was collected and submitted for macroscopic and microscopic pathology evaluations. The pathologic examination, including immunohistochemistry (IHC), indicated equine intestinal lymphoma showing strong positivity for T cell marker. This report describes the clinical signs, diagnosis and pathological features of intestinal lymphoma in a Halla Horse in detail.

• 대한영상의학회지
• /
• 제82권5호
• /
• pp.1287-1291
• /
• 2021

고환 림프종은 무통성 종괴를 주소로 내원하는 드문 고환 종양이다. 일반적으로 고환 림프종은 칼라 도플러 초음파에서 고혈관성을 보이며, 컴퓨터단층촬영이나 자기공명영상에서 조영증강을 보인다. 저자들은 우측 고환 종대를 주소로 내원한 67세 환자에서 초음파 검사상 크기가 커진 고환 내 혈류가 보이지 않아 계류염전으로 진단하였으나, 전산화단층촬영에서는 주변부에 일부 조영증강을 보이는 종괴로 관찰되었고, 수술 이후 림프종이 진단된 증례를 경험하여 보고하고자 한다.

• 대한영상의학회지
• /
• 제84권5호
• /
• pp.1176-1180
• /
• 2023

과립세포종은 신경 또는 신경 주위 세포에서 생기는 드문 연부조직 종양이다. 저자들은 유방암 과거력을 가진 69세 여자 환자에서 액와부 과립세포종 증례를 보고하고 다양한 영상 소견을 논의하고자 한다. 초음파에서 왼쪽 액와부에 경계가 분명한 타원형의 비균질한 등에코, 고에코의 종괴였으며, 흉부 전산화단층촬영에서 대흉근의 바깥쪽에 경계가 분명한 타원형의 약간 조영 증강되는 종괴로 보였다. 초음파 유도하 조직 생검을 통해 과립세포종으로 최종 진단되었다. 추적 초음파에서 변화는 없었다. 과립세포종에 대해 잘 알고 있다면 조기 진단과 후속 관리를 용이하게 할 수 있을 것이다.