• Investigative and Clinical Urology
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.363-370
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study is to describe the technique and to report early results of transperineal magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography (MRI-US) fusion biopsy. Materials and Methods: A total of 75 patients underwent MRI-US fusion transperineal biopsy. Targeted biopsy via MRI-US fusion imaging was carried out for cancer-suspicious lesions with additional systematic biopsy. Detection rates for overall and clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) were evaluated and compared between systematic and targeted biopsy. In addition, further investigation into the detection rate according to prostate imaging reporting and data system (PI-RADS) score was done. Results of repeat biopsies were also evaluated. Results: Overall cancer detection rate was 61.3% (46 patients) and the detection rate for csPCa was 42.7% (32 patients). Overall detection rates for systematic and targeted biopsy were 41.3% and 57.3% (p<0.05), respectively. Detection rates for csPCa were 26.7% and 41.3%, respectively (p<0.05). The cancer detection rates via MRI fusion target biopsy were 30.8% in PI-RADS 3, 62.1% in PI-RADS 4 and 89.4% in PI-RADS 5. Rates of csPCa missed by targeted biopsy and systematic biopsy were 0.0% and 25.0%, respectively. The cancer detection rate in repeat biopsies was 61.1% (11 among 18 patients) in which 55.5% of cancer suspected lesions were located in the anterior portion. Conclusions: Transperineal MRI-US fusion biopsy is useful for improving overall cancer detection rate and especially detection of csPCa. Transperineal MRI-US targeted biopsy show potential benefits to improve cancer detection rate in patients with high PIRADS score, tumor located at the anterior portion and in repeat biopsies.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.327-342
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• 2006

Radiation therapy is an important part of cancer treatment in which cancer patients are treated using high-energy radiation such as x-rays, gamma rays, electrons, protons, and neutrons. Currently, about half of all cancer patients receive radiation treatment during their whole cancer care process. The goal of radiation therapy is to deliver the necessary radiation dose to cancer cells while minimizing dose to surrounding normal tissues. Success of radiation therapy highly relies on how accurately 1) identifies the target and 2) aim radiation beam to the target. Both tasks are strongly dependent of imaging technology and many imaging modalities have been applied for radiation therapy such as CT (Computed Tomography), MRI (Magnetic Resonant Image), and PET (Positron Emission Tomogaphy). Recently, many researchers have given significant amount of effort to develop and improve imaging techniques for radiation therapy to enhance the overall quality of patient care. For example, advances in medical imaging technology have initiated the development of the state of the art radiation therapy techniques such as intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), gated radiation therapy, tomotherapy, and image guided radiation therapy (IGRT). Capability of determining the local tumor volume and location of the tumor has been significantly improved by applying single or multi-modality imaging fur static or dynamic target. The use of multi-modality imaging provides a more reliable tumor volume, eventually leading to a better definitive local control. Image registration technique is essential to fuse two different image modalities and has been In significant improvement. Imaging equipments and their common applications that are in active use and/or under development in radiation therapy are reviewed.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.137-142
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• 2003

Purpose : This study was performed to determine the sensitivity of neonatal electroencephalography (EEG) in detecting underlying brain disease, to compare the sensitivity and specificity of EEG with those of brain ultrasonography and to determine the prognostic value of EEG for neonatal neurologic diseases. Methods : Eighty-seven newborn babies were subjected to a electroencephalographic examination for the evaluation of underlying neurological diseases and EEGs were recorded at least before three days of life. The findings of early ultrasonography performed within three days after birth were compared with those of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) or ultrasonography after seven days of life. Results : The EEG results were more sensitive and specific than ultrasonography for the detection of neonatal brain damage. The EEG results showed 91.7% sensitivity for mild grade neurological sequelae and 100.0% sensitivity for moderate and severe-grade neurological sequelae in predicting the neurological outcome. However, early ultrasonography results showed 20.8% and 18.8% of sensitivity and specificity, respectively. Conclusion : EEG is a highly sensitive diagnostic tool for detecting neonatal brain disease and is valuable for predicting the long-term outcome of neurologic sequelae.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.84 no.1
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• pp.127-149
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• 2023

It is important to distinguish uterine lesions from other lesions occurring in the pelvic cavity for the proper management. The primary radiological evaluation of uterine lesions is performed using transvaginal ultrasonography, and if the lesion is too large or shows atypical benign imaging findings, magnetic resonance imaging should be performed. Analyzing radiological findings of uterine lesions through a pattern recognition approach can help establish the accurate diagnosis and treatment plan. In this pictorial assay, we describe imaging characteristics of various lesions arising from the uterus and evaluate them based on the pattern recognition approach.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.84 no.1
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• pp.92-109
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• 2023

In patients with thyroid nodules, ultrasonography (US) has been established as a primary diagnostic imaging method and is essential for treatment decision. The Korean Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (K-TIRADS) is a pattern-based, US malignancy risk stratification system that can easily diagnose nodules during real-time ultrasound examinations. The 2021 K-TIRADS clarified the US criteria for nodule classification and revised the size thresholds for nodule biopsy, thereby reducing unnecessary biopsies for benign nodules while maintaining the appropriate sensitivity to detect malignant tumors in patients without feature of high risk thyroid cancer. Thyroid radiology practice has an important clinical role in the diagnosis and non-surgical treatment of patients with thyroid nodules, and should be performed according to standard practice guidelines for proper and effective clinical care.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.1132-1141
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• 2021

Objective: To investigate changes in the median nerve, retinaculum, and carpal tunnel on ultrasound after successful endoscopic carpal tunnel release (ECTR). Materials and Methods: This prospective study involved 37 wrists in 35 patients (5 male, 30 female; mean age ± standard deviation [SD], 56.9 ± 6.7 years) with primary carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). An in-house developed scoring system (0-3) was used to gauge the clinical improvement after ECTR. Ultrasound was performed before ECTR, and at 1, 3, and 12 months post-ECTR. Changes in the median nerve, flexor retinaculum, and carpal tunnel morphology on ultrasound after ECTR were analyzed. Ultrasound parameters for different clinical improvement groups were compared. Results: All patients improved clinically after ECTR. The average clinical improvement score ± SD at 12 months post-ECTR was 2.2 ± 0.7. The median nerve cross-sectional area proximal and distal to the tunnel decreased at all time intervals post-ECTR but remained swollen compared to normal values. Serial changes in the median nerve caliber and retinacular bowing after ECTR were more pronounced at the tunnel outlet than at the tunnel inlet. The flexor retinaculum had reformed in 25 (68%) of 37 wrists after 12 months. Conclusion: Postoperative changes in median nerve and retinaculum parameters were most pronounced at the tunnel outlet. Even in patients with clinical improvement after ECTR, nearly all ultrasound parameters remain abnormal at one year post-ECTR. These ultrasound parameters should not necessarily be relied upon to diagnose persistent CTS after ECTR.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 1997

For radiological test in soft tissue or neighboring part with same signal intensity, proper test method and equipment shall be selected as needed. In case of female pelvic cavity, ultrasonography or computed tomography alternatively used, but MRI can be more usefully applied to design treatment method or operation plan by improving the diagnostic accuracy and careful observation of lesion characteristics. Magnetic Resonance Imaging using recently developed Enteral MRI contrast media can acquire more diagnostic information than using only intravenous contrast media. Thus this study attempted to examine the utility of anatomic structure and diagnostic acquisition by imaging the female pelvic cavity using Enteral MRI contrast media. As a result of analyzing magnetic resonance Imaging after administering Enteral MRI contrast media to pelvic cavity suspect patients, more diagnostic information media could be acquired than only using Intravenous contrast. Expecially, in the diagnosis of lesion position, shape, distinction from neighboring tissues it is thought that external Enteral MRI contrast media should be used.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.131-135
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• 2015

Vascular tumors in the breast are rare, and most can be classified as being either angiosarcomas or hemangiomas. Hemangiomas are benign vascular tumors that are usually identified incidentally. Here, we are reporting on a case of a complex hemangioma of the breast, and describing the mammography, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging findings for this patient.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.3.1-3.5
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• 2021

A 12-year-old, castrated male, mixed dog presented with a history of gradual abdominal distention for a year and anorexia recently, with abdominal radiographs showing a gastric pylorus distention. A solitary, pedunculated, heterogeneous mass arising from the mucosal layer in the pylorus with intact wall layers was identified during ultrasound and computed tomography. The gastric muscular layer was evenly thick. After surgical excision of the mass, histological examination confirmed hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy with polypoid growth and Helicobacter spp. infiltrating the gastric mucosal epithelium. This is the first reported diagnostic imaging case of hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy with Helicobacter spp. in a dog.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.468-473
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• 2010

A 6-year-old intact male Doberman pinscher presented with a thin soft stool and urinary signs. On radiography, three masses were observed in the caudal abdomen. One mass was described as a large, round, mineralized mass, with an "eggshell" appearance. The second mass was located caudal to the mineralized mass, and the third mass was located between the two masses. The second and the third masses had a soft tissue density. Ultrasonography was performed to identify the features and the origins of the masses. The first mass contained a large amount of anechoic fluid and had a thin wall; it was determined to be a cyst. Strong acoustic shadowing artifact was created by the mineralized cystic wall. Caudal to the cyst, the second mass was shown to be the prostate. A hypoechoic stalk connected the prostate and the cyst, which represented the cyst as a paraprostatic cyst with mineralization. The third mass was the normal urinary bladder. The cyst was removed surgically and confirmed by histopathologic examination. This report described typical clinical findings, diagnostic imaging, and treatment of a paraprostatic cyst.