참고문헌
- Marnach ML, Laughlin-Tommaso SK. Evaluation and management of abnormal uterine bleeding. Mayo Clin Proc 2019;94:326-335 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.12.012
- Bree RL, Bowerman RA, Bohm-Velez M, Benson CB, Doubilet PM, DeDreu S, et al. US evaluation of the uterus in patients with postmenopausal bleeding: a positive effect on diagnostic decision making. Radiology 2000;216:260-264 https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.216.1.r00jl37260
- Andreotti RF, Timmerman D, Strachowski LM, Froyman W, Benacerraf BR, Bennett GL, et al. O-RADS US risk stratification and management system: a consensus guideline from the ACR Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System Committee. Radiology 2020;294:168-185 https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2019191150
- Sadowski EA, Thomassin-Naggara I, Rockall A, Maturen KE, Forstner R, Jha P, et al. O-RADS MRI risk stratification system: guide for assessing adnexal lesions from the ACR O-RADS committee. Radiology 2022;303:35-47 https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.204371
- Andreotti RF, Timmerman D, Benacerraf BR, Bennett GL, Bourne T, Brown DL, et al. Ovarian-adnexal reporting lexicon for ultrasound: a white paper of the ACR ovarian-adnexal reporting and data system committee. J Am Coll Radiol 2018;15:1415-1429 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2018.07.004
- Van Den Bosch T, Verbakel JY, Valentin L, Wynants L, De Cock B, Pascual MA, et al. Typical ultrasound features of various endometrial pathologies described using international endometrial tumor analysis (IETA) terminology in women with abnormal uterine bleeding. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2021;57:164-172 https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.22109
- Kim JC, Kim SS, Park JY. "Bridging vascular sign" in the MR diagnosis of exophytic uterine leiomyoma. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2000;24:57-60 https://doi.org/10.1097/00004728-200001000-00012
- Lee JH, Jeong YK, Park JK, Hwang JC. "Ovarian vascular pedicle" sign revealing organ of origin of a pelvic mass lesion on helical CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2003;181:131-137 https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.181.1.1810131
- Arikawa S, Uchida M, Shinagawa M, Tohnan T, Hayabuchi N. Significance of the "beak sign" in the differential diagnosis of uterine lipoleiomyoma from ovarian dermoid cyst. Kurume Med J 2006;53:37-40 https://doi.org/10.2739/kurumemedj.53.37
- Dam C, Lindebjerg J, Jakobsen A, Jensen LH, Rahr H, Rafaelsen SR. Local staging of sigmoid colon cancer using MRI. Acta Radiol Open 2017;6:2058460117720957
- Nougaret S, Nikolovski I, Paroder V, Vargas HA, Sala E, Carrere S, et al. MRI of tumors and tumor mimics in the female pelvis: anatomic pelvic space-based approach. Radiographics 2019;39:1205-1229 https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.2019180173
- Levy AD, Arnaiz J, Shaw JC, Sobin LH. From the archives of the AFIP: primary peritoneal tumors: imaging features with pathologic correlation. Radiographics 2008;28:583-607 https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.282075175
- Pickhardt PJ, Bhalla S. Primary neoplasms of peritoneal and sub-peritoneal origin: CT findings. Radiographics 2005;25:983-995 https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.254045140
- Novellas S, Chassang M, Delotte J, Toullalan O, Chevallier A, Bouaziz J, et al. MRI characteristics of the uterine junctional zone: from normal to the diagnosis of adenomyosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2011;196:1206-1213 https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.10.4877
- Langer JE, Oliver ER, Lev-Toaff AS, Coleman BG. Imaging of the female pelvis through the life cycle. Radiographics 2012;32:1575-1597 https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.326125513
- Shaaban AM. Diagnostic imaging: gynecology. Amsterdam: Elsevier 2014
- Nalaboff KM, Pellerito JS, Ben-Levi E. Imaging the endometrium: disease and normal variants. Radiographics 2001;21:1409-1424 https://doi.org/10.1148/radiographics.21.6.g01nv211409
- Okamoto Y, Tanaka YO, Nishida M, Tsunoda H, Yoshikawa H, Itai Y. MR imaging of the uterine cervix: imaging-pathologic correlation. Radiographics 2003;23:425-445; quiz 534-535 https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.232025065
- Leone FP, Timmerman D, Bourne T, Valentin L, Epstein E, Goldstein SR, et al. Terms, definitions and measurements to describe the sonographic features of the endometrium and intrauterine lesions: a consensus opinion from the international endometrial tumor analysis (IETA) group. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2010;35:103-112 https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.7487
- Lin D, Zhao L, Zhu Y, Huang Y, Yuan K, Liu W, et al. Combination IETA ultrasonographic characteristics simple scoring method with tumor biomarkers effectively improves the differentiation ability of benign and malignant lesions in endometrium and uterine cavity. Front Oncol 2021;11:605847
- Epstein E, Fischerova D, Valentin L, Testa AC, Franchi D, Sladkevicius P, et al. Ultrasound characteristics of endometrial cancer as defined by international endometrial tumor analysis (IETA) consensus nomenclature: prospective multicenter study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2018;51:818-828 https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.18909
- Hann LE, Gretz EM, Bach AM, Francis SM. Sonohysterography for evaluation of the endometrium in women treated with tamoxifen. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2001;177:337-342 https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.177.2.1770337
- Epstein E, Van Holsbeke C, Mascilini F, Masback A, Kannisto P, Ameye L, et al. Gray-scale and color Doppler ultrasound characteristics of endometrial cancer in relation to stage, grade and tumor size. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2011;38:586-593 https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.9038
- Sawicki V, Spiewankiewicz B, Stelmachow J, Cendrowski K. Color Doppler assessment of blood flow in endometrial cancer. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol 2005;26:279-284
- Testa AC, Ciampelli M, Mastromarino C, Lopez R, Zannoni G, Ferrandina G, et al. Intratumoral color Doppler analysis in endometrial carcinoma: is it clinically useful? Gynecol Oncol 2003;88:298-303 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0090-8258(02)00072-0
- Kupesic-Urek S, Shalan H, Kurjak A. Early detection of endometrial cancer by transvaginal color Doppler. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1993;49:46-49 https://doi.org/10.1016/0028-2243(93)90113-Q
- Shaaban AM, Rezvani M, Haroun RR, Kennedy AM, Elsayes KM, Olpin JD, et al. Gestational trophoblastic disease: clinical and imaging features. Radiographics 2017;37:681-700 https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.2017160140
- Sun S, Bonaffini PA, Nougaret S, Fournier L, Dohan A, Chong J, et al. How to differentiate uterine leiomyosarcoma from leiomyoma with imaging. Diagn Interv Imaging 2019;100:619-634 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diii.2019.07.007
- Rha SE, Byun JY, Jung SE, Lee SL, Cho SM, Hwang SS, et al. CT and MRI of uterine sarcomas and their mimickers. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2003;181:1369-1374 https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.181.5.1811369
- Murase E, Siegelman ES, Outwater EK, Perez-Jaffe LA, Tureck RW. Uterine leiomyomas: histopathologic features, MR imaging findings, differential diagnosis, and treatment. Radiographics 1999;19:1179-1197 https://doi.org/10.1148/radiographics.19.5.g99se131179
- Thiel FC, Halmen S. Low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma-a review. Oncol Res Treat 2018;41:687-692 https://doi.org/10.1159/000494225
- Koyama T, Togashi K, Konishi I, Kobayashi H, Ueda H, Kataoka ML, et al. MR imaging of endometrial stromal sarcoma: correlation with pathologic findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1999;173:767-772 https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.173.3.10470920
- Ueda M, Otsuka M, Hatakenaka M, Sakai S, Ono M, Yoshimitsu K, et al. MR imaging findings of uterine endometrial stromal sarcoma: differentiation from endometrial carcinoma. Eur Radiol 2001;11:28-33 https://doi.org/10.1007/s003300000541
- Fasih N, Prasad Shanbhogue AK, Macdonald DB, Fraser-Hill MA, Papadatos D, Kielar AZ, et al. Leiomyomas beyond the uterus: unusual locations, rare manifestations. Radiographics 2008;28:1931-1948 https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.287085095
- Ludovisi M, Moro F, Pasciuto T, Di Noi S, Giunchi S, Savelli L, et al. Imaging in gynecological disease (15): clinicalandultrasound characteristics of uterine sarcoma. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2019;54:676-687 https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.20270
- Arleo EK, Schwartz PE, Hui P, McCarthy S. Review of leiomyoma variants. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2015;205:912-921 https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.14.13946
- Abdel Wahab C, Jannot AS, Bonaffini PA, Bourillon C, Cornou C, Lefrere-Belda MA, et al. Diagnostic algorithm to differentiate benign atypical leiomyomas from malignant uterine sarcomas with diffusion-weighted MRI. Radiology 2020;297:361-371 https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020191658
- Takeuchi M, Matsuzaki K. Adenomyosis: usual and unusual imaging manifestations, pitfalls, and problem-solving MR imaging techniques. Radiographics 2011;31:99-115 https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.311105110
- Vermoolen MA, Kwee TC, Nievelstein RA. Apparent diffusion coefficient measurements in the differentiation between benign and malignant lesions: a systematic review. Insights Imaging 2012;3:395-409 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13244-012-0175-y
- Tamai K, Togashi K, Ito T, Morisawa N, Fujiwara T, Koyama T. MR imaging findings of adenomyosis: correlation with histopathologic features and diagnostic pitfalls. Radiographics 2005;25:21-40 https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.251045060
- Timmerman D, Verguts J, Konstantinovic ML, Moerman P, Van Schoubroeck D, Deprest J, et al. The pedicle artery sign based on sonography with color Doppler imaging can replace second-stage tests in women with abnormal vaginal bleeding. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2003;22:166-171 https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.203
- Levy G, Dehaene A, Laurent N, Lernout M, Collinet P, Lucot JP, et al. An update on adenomyosis. Diagn Interv Imaging 2013;94:3-25 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diii.2012.10.012
- Exacoustos C, Romanini ME, Amadio A, Amoroso C, Szabolcs B, Zupi E, et al. Can gray-scale and color Doppler sonography differentiate between uterine leiomyosarcoma and leiomyoma? J Clin Ultrasound 2007;35:449-457 https://doi.org/10.1002/jcu.20386