• Title/Summary/Keyword: Ultrasonic pre-treatment

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A Study on Cost-effective Treatment of Wastewater and Odor Reduction for Southeast Asian Market Entry

  • Jung, Min-Jae;Kim, Yong-Do;Kwon, Lee-Seung;Lee, Woo-Sic;Kwon, Woo-Taeg
    • The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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    • v.9 no.12
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    • pp.23-29
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    • 2018
  • Purpose - The purpose of this study is to apply a cost effective ultrasonic odor reduction method that generated micro-bubbles using ejector to the Southeast Asian wastewater market. Research design, data, and methodology - A leather maker located in Ansan-city, Gyunggi-do, South Korea was sampled from the collection tank to select experimental materials. Experimental setup consisted of circulating water tank-air ejector-ultrasonic device, and circulating wastewater. Sample analysis was performed by CODcr, T-N, T-P, and turbidity by the National Environmental Science Institute. Results - Experimental results show that it is most effective in removing odors when the frequency range of ultrasonic wave is 60~80 Khz and the output is 200 W. It showed that the concentration of complex odor dropped from a maximum of 14,422 times to a minimum of 120 times. Also, analysis of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in specific odor substances has shown that they were reduced from 1.5 ppm to 0.4 ppm and from 0.6 ppm to 0.1 ppm, respectively. Conclusions - It is possible to shorten more than 12 hours in the treatment of micro-organisms. It can be seen that the processing time of odor after ultrasonic treatment in the pre-treatment facility is reduced by 25% when compared to the resultant micro-organisms after the chemical treatment, that is, the time of the bio-treatment of micro-organisms. Based on the results, it was confirmed that the pre-treatment method using the ultrasonic and the air ejector device of the experiment shows the effect of reducing the water pollutants and odor more effectively in a relatively short time than the conventional advanced oxidation method.

The Effect of Ultrasonic Impact Treatment(UIT) for Fatigue Life of Weldment (Ultrasonic Impact Treatment(UIT)효과가 용접재의 피로수명에 미치는 영향)

  • Song, Jun-Hyouk;Lee, Hyun-Woo
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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    • v.18 no.6
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    • pp.38-45
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    • 2010
  • Welding structures are designed to endure its expected life. The most important factors are life. Especially on welded structure, fatigue strength is critical. So this study performed a research on Box and T shape weldment specimen to examine the influence of welding type. In this experiment, the results indicate Box shape was available in more than T shape. Fatigue tests were performed to evaluate the fatigue strength of the both as-welded and statically pre-loaded specimens by 3 point bending load. Fatigue life can be improved by using Ultrasonic Impact Treatment(UIT) effect. Ultrasonic Impact Treatment(UIT) is excellent for eliminating the tensile residual stresses and generating compressive residual stresses which elevate fatigue strength of welded structures. Also, this shows that welding part has better fatigue life and welding was performed well. In this study, to evaluate the Ultrasonic Impact Treatment(UIT) effect, for welding structure, the experiment was conducted at various levels of stress range between 100MPa and 500MPa. From the test results, it was indicated that fatigue performance was improving by Ultrasonic Impact Treatment(UIT)

Ultrasonic Osteotome Assisted Posterior Endoscopic Cervical Foraminotomy in the Treatment of Cervical Spondylotic Radiculopathy Due to Osseous Foraminal Stenosis

  • Ye Jiang;Chen Li;Lutao Yuan;Cong Luo;Yuhang Mao;Yong Yu
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • v.66 no.4
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    • pp.426-437
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    • 2023
  • Objective : To investigate the efficacy and safety of the posterior endoscopic cervical foraminotomy (PECF) using ultrasonic osteotome for the treatment of cervical osseous foraminal stenosis, focusing on introduction of the advantages of ultrasonic osteotome in partial pediculectomy and ventral osteophyte resection in PECF. Methods : Nineteen patients with cervical osseous foraminal stenosis who underwent PECF using ultrasonic osteotome in our institution between April 2018 and April 2021 were enrolled in this study. All the patients were followed up more than 12 months. The patients' medical data, as well as pre- and postoperative radiologic findings were thoroughly investigated. The visual analogue score (VAS), Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, cervical dysfunction index (Neck disability index, NDI), and modified MacNab criteria were used to assess the surgical efficacy. Results : All the patients were successfully treated with PECF using ultrasonic osteotome. The pre- and postoperative VAS, NDI, and JOA scores were significantly improved (p<0.05). According to the modified MacNab criteria, 17 patients were assessed as "excellent", two patients were assessed as "good" at the last follow-up. There was no dura tear, nerve root damage, incision infection, neck deformity, or other complications. Conclusion : Adequate nerve root decompression can be accomplished successfully with the help of ultrasonic osteotome in PECF, which has the advantage of reducing the probability of damage to the nerve root and dura mater, in addition to the original merits of endoscopic surgery.

A Comparative Study on Radiochemical Pre-treatment Methods for Airborne Uranium-Isotropic Analysis (공기 중 우라늄 동위원소 분석을 위한 방사화학 전처리방법에 대한 비교 분석 연구)

  • Kang, Han-Byeol;Chung, Heejun;Park, Seunghoon;Shin, Jung-Ki;Kwak, Sung-Woo
    • Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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    • v.40 no.2
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    • pp.101-109
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    • 2015
  • Alpha spectrometry is typically used for the assessment of uranium particle concentrations and its accuracy can be directly related to the accuracy in which the radiochemical pre-treatment is conducted. Ashing and alkali fusion methods are typically used but the ashing method requires longer analysis time and the alkali fusion method is extremely costly. Therefore, a new pre-treatment method using ultrasonic cleaning was developed and its experimental result was compared against the two conventional methods in terms of pre-treatment time, convenience, cost, and recovery rate of a target material. The results that were obtained by the conventional methods(ashing and alkali fusion) and the new method were compared. Consequently, even though the shorter pre-treatment time was required, the new technique showed almost same recovery rate comparing with two conventional methods. The new method was also featured by its relatively lower cost and a simpler process than two conventional methods.

Effects of pH, molar ratios and pre-treatment on phosphorus recovery through struvite crystallization from effluent of anaerobically digested swine wastewater

  • Kim, Daegi;Min, Kyung Jin;Lee, Kwanyong;Yu, Min Sung;Park, Ki Young
    • Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.12-18
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    • 2017
  • Struvite precipitation has been proven to be an effective method in removing and recovering ammonia nitrogen (N) and phosphate phosphorus (P) from wastewater. In this study, effects of pH, molar ratios and pre-treatment of effluent of anaerobically digested swine wastewater were investigated to improve struvite crystallization. The magnesium : ammonium : phosphate ratio of 1.2 : 1.0 : 1.0 was found to be optimal, yet the molar ratio in the wastewater was 1 : 74.9 : 1.8. From the analysis, the optimum pH was between 8.0 and 9.0 for maximal phosphate P release and from 8.0 to 10.0 for maximal ammonia N and phosphate P removal from real wastewater. Analysis from Visual MINTEQ predicted the pH range of 7-11 for ammonia N and phosphate P removal and recovery as struvite. For pre-treatment, microwave pre-treatment was ineffective for phosphate P release but ultrasound pre-treatment showed up to 77.4% phosphate P release at 1,000 kJ/L of energy dose. Precipitates analysis showed that phosphorus and magnesium in the collected precipitate had almost same values as theoretical values, but the ammonia content was less than the theoretical value.

The Effect of Pre-treatment on the Anaerobic Digestion of waste Activated Sludge (하수슬러지의 혐기적 소화효율 향상을 위한 전처리 효과)

  • Kang, Chang-Min;Kim, Bong-Keun;Kim, In-Su;Kim, Byung-Tae
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.90-98
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    • 2001
  • The slow degradation rate of sewage sludge in anaerobic digesters is due to the rate limiting step of sludge hydrolysis. Therefore, the pre-treatment process had been carried out using acidic(pH 1.5, 3, 4, 5) and alkaline(pH9, 10, 13), thermal(50, 100, 150, $200^{\circ}C$) and ultrasonic treatment(400W, 20kHz, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 50, 60min). In the best conditions of each treatment, the SCOD ratio(%) of treated/untreared samples were increased 102% in acid(pH5), 986% in alkali(pH13), 959% in thermal($200^{\circ}C$) and 1123% in ultrasonic(35min) treatment. As the result, the ultrasonic treatment was most effective, followed by alkali, thermal, acidic treatment. In the effects of total gas productivity, the thermal($200^{\circ}C$) pretreatment was the highest, followed by thermal($150^{\circ}C$), ultrasonic(90min), alkaline(pH9) and ultrasonic(50min).

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A Study of Sewage Sludge Solubilization by Alkali and Ultrasonic pretreatment (알칼리처리와 초음파처리를 이용한 슬러지 가용화 연구)

  • Kim, Jae-Hyung;Yang, Hong-Gyu;Lee, Joon-Cheol;Park, Hong-Sun;Choi, Gwang-Geun;Pak, Dae-Won
    • Journal of Energy Engineering
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.84-89
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    • 2011
  • In this study, individual(alkaline, ultrasonic) and combined(alkaline+ultrasonic) pretreatment effect on sewage sludge solubilization was investigated. COD solubilization rates increased with the dose of NaOH added: solubilization reached 27.6%. Additional alkaline agents did not increase solubilization further. Ultrasonic pretreatment achieved 33~39% solubilization when 140 W/L amplitude. In(alkaline(pre-treatment)+ultrasonic (after-treatment)) treatment, solubilization increased as the combined intensity in creased($70.4{\pm}9.4%$). SCOD rising rate(0.076) was achieved.

A Study on the Mechanical Properties of Shrink-Resistant Wool Fabric Treated with Enzyme (효소에 의한 방축가공 양모직물의 물성 변화에 관한 연구)

  • 박미라;김환철;박병기
    • Textile Coloration and Finishing
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.155-164
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    • 2001
  • Textile wet-processing industry usually five rise to environmental pollution problems caused by using chemical substance. The objective of this study is to apply enzymes for wool and reduce the environmental problems. Three commercial protein degradation enzymes and a cellulose degradation enzyme as a reference were treated to prevent the shrinkage of wool fabric on laundering. Shrink resistant effects used change with the kinds of enzyme, the amount of enzyme, assistant chemicals, and the pre-treatment condition of wool fabric. When pre-treated with corona before enzyme treatment under ultrasonic condition, the weight loss was increased and strength was decreased and elongation was increased. Both corona pre-treatment and the addition of $Na_2SO_4$ also decreased shrinkage of wool fabrics on laundering. The existence of assistant chemicals increased alkali solubility of wool fabrics.

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The study on increasing of biodegradability by pre-treatment of municipal wasted sludge in anaerobic digestion process (도시하수슬러지의 전처리에 따른 혐기성 소화공정의 생분해율 향상에 관한 연구)

  • Kang, Chang-Min
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.87-95
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    • 2002
  • The slow degradation rate of sludge in anaerobic digestion is due to rate-limiting step of sludge hydrolysis. To upgrading of sludge hydrolysis and biodegradabiliry, the pre-treatment had been carried out using acidlc (pH 1.5, 3, 4, 5) and alkaline (pH 9, 10, 13), thermal (50, 100, 150, $200^{\circ}C$), and ultrasonic treatment (400W, 20kHz, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 90min). In the best conditions of each treatment, the Soluble SCOD Ratio(%)of treated/untreated sample were increased 102% in acid (pH5), 986% in alkali (pH 13), 595% in thermal ($200^{\circ}C$) and 1123% in ultrasonic (35min) treatment. As the result, the ultrasonic treatment was most effective, followed by alkali, thermal, acid treatment. In the effects of total gas productivity in vial test, the thermal ($200^{\circ}C$) pre-treatment was the highest, followed by thermal ($150^{\circ}C$), ultrasonic (90min), alkaline (pH 9), and ultrasonic (50min). We compared untreated samples and the most efficient pre-treatment samples(at $200^{\circ}C$, for 30min) on gas productivity with changes of HRT in continuous experiments IN thermal treated samples were 2.5 times in SCOD, 2 times in soluble protein and 3.3 times high in soluble carbohydrate than untreated ones. In gas productivity, the thermal treated samples were average 2 times high than untreated ones. And HRT 7 days was most effective. followed by HRT 10, HRT 15 days. But The gas productiviry of HRT 2.5 days was less than untreated, the reason of low gas productivity was come from high organic acids accumulation within reactor.

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Comparisons of Sludge Pre-Treatment Systems : Hydrodynamic vs Ultrasonic Cavitation (수리동력학적 및 초음파 캐비테이션 슬러지 전처리 장치의 비교 연구)

  • Maeng, Jang-Woo;Bae, Jae-Ho
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.31 no.2
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    • pp.90-95
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    • 2009
  • Sludge pre-treatment utilizing cavitation is one of the commercialized methods at present. Cavitation can be generated by two different methods, sonotrode and hydrodynamic principle, and there has been no direct comparison between the two methods. In this study, solubilization efficiency, changes in sludge size distribution, and the methane production potential after pre-treatment by the two methods were compared. The maximum solubilization efficiency per unit energy input with the two methods was similar, and was 302 mg ${\Delta}SCOD/g$ TS at the energy input of 0.18 kWh/L. Break-up of sludge flocs were dominant during the early period of pre-treatment, while cell disintegration continued through the pre-treatment with the increase in the number of particles with less than 1 ${\mu}m$. BMP test results indicated that the methane potential increased up to 24.3% without differences between the two pre-treatments, and the increase in methane potential did not proportional to energy input. Although the energy efficiency of the two methods was quite similar, hydrodynamic methods might be a better choice for field application considering the operation and maintenance cost, and its potential improvement in energy efficiency.