• 비파괴검사학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.25-36
• /
• 1989

This essay is a general review of the application of ultrasonic NDE techniques to the performance assessment and characterization of composite materials. A brief review of ultrasonic input-output characterization of a composite plate by shear waves is presented. A theoretical development of ultrasonic wave propagation in isotropic and anisotropic media excited, respectively, by a circular transducer and an oscillatory point source is summarized. Some experimental results are described in which ultrasonic velocity and attenuation measurements give insight into material degradation of fatigued composite laminates. Ultrasonic determination of the elastic constants of a composite plate and an experimental attempt at ultrasonic testing of an isotropic plate containing a crack are also included. A recent effort for the characterization of viscoelastic materials using the ultrasonic NDE technique is outlined. Finally, the reliability of ultrasonic NDE is briefly touched upon.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
• /
• 제2권3호
• /
• pp.249-261
• /
• 2015

The mechanical characterization of composite materials is nowadays a major interest due to their increasing use in the aeronautic industry. The design of most of these materials is based on their stiffness, which is mainly obtained by means of tensile tests with strain gauge measurement. For thin laminated composites, this classical method requires adequate samples with specific orientation and does not provide all the independent elastic constants. Regarding ultrasonic characterization, especially immersion technique, only one specimen is needed and the entire determination of the stiffness tensor is possible. This paper presents a study of different methods to determine the mechanical properties of transversely isotropic carbon fibre composite materials (gauge and correlation strain measurement during tensile tests, ultrasonic immersion technique). Results are compared to ISO standards and manufacturer data to evaluate the accuracy of these techniques.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
• /
• 제4권3호
• /
• pp.114-119
• /
• 2005

Since the degradation caused by corrosion is restricted to the surface of materials, conventional ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation methods based on ultrasonic bulk waves are not applicable to characterization of the corrosion degradation. To take care of this difficulty, a new nondestructive evaluation method that uses ultrasonic backward radiation has been proposed recently. This paper explores the potential of this newly developed method for nondestructive characterization and in-situ monitoring of corrosion degradation. Specifically, backward radiated ultrasounds from aged thermo-mechanically controlled process (TMCP) steel specimens by corrosion fatigue were measured and their characteristics were correlated to those of the aged specimens. The excellent correlation observed in the present study demonstrates the high potential of the backward radiated ultrasound as an effective tool for nondestructive characterization of corrosion degradation. In addition, the potential of the backward radiated ultrasound to in-situ monitoring of corrosion degradation is under current investigation.

• 비파괴검사학회지
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.285-291
• /
• 2008

We have experimentally investigated the cyclic deformation in copper using ultrasonic nonlinearity. The observation and characterization of dislocation substructure have been conducted using transmission electron microscope and electron backscattered diffraction technique. The ultrasonic nonlinearity (${\beta}/{\beta}_0$) was measured by the harmonic generation technique after various fatigue cycles. The microstructural effect on the nonlinearity was discussed regarding the extent of dislocation substructures evolved from low cycle fatigue. The ultrasonic nonlinearity of copper monotonically increased with the fatigue cycles due to the evolution of dislocation cell substructures.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• 제23권4E호
• /
• pp.140-145
• /
• 2004

A laboratory study was carried out to investigate the change of ultrasonic velocity as a function of temperature for fluid mud (i.e., suspension). Pulse transmission technique with ultrasonic wave was used for ultrasonic velocity measurement. The five samples for fluid mud were prepared for concentration range of $30.6{\%}\;(1.24\;g/cm^{3}\;in\;density),\;23.3{\%}\;(1.19\;g/cm^{3}),\;11.5{\%}(1.10\;g/cm^{3}),\;7.8{\%}\;(1.08\;g/cm^{3}),\;and\;3.8{\%}\;(1.05\;g/cm^{3})$ by weight. The ultrasonic velocity in fluid mud was investigated to increase $(approximately\;2.83\;to\;4.95\;m/s/^{\circ}C)$ with increasing temperature, due to the effect of viscosity and compressibility of water with changing temperature. But the increasing rate tends to decrease at temperature higher than $30^{\circ}C,$ caused by the effect of viscosity. The concentration of fluid mud more affect to the ultrasonic velocity at higher temperature range than that at lower temperature. Overall the temperature effect on the ultrasonic velocity in fluid mud was a similar rate as for distilled water and seawater, suggesting fluid mud significantly depends on the behavior of water.

• 한국음향학회지
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.31-42
• /
• 1987

본 논문은 초음파의 감쇠정보를 이용하여 조직을 정량화하기 위한 연구이다. 비선형 매질에서의 제반특성 (비선형감쇠, Non-Gaussian특성, 산란등) 때문에 생기는 측정오차를 줄일 수 있는 스펙트럴 모멘트법을 제안하였다. 본 연구에서는 비선형 감쇠 및 산란특성을 고려하여 R. G신호의 Z. C. D(Zero Crossing Density)를 측정하는 방법에 이론적인 기초를 두고, 산란매질에서 수신된 반사파의 P. S. D(Power Spectral Density) 와 스펙트럴 모멘트를 이용하여 주파수의존 감쇠계수를 구하였다. 또한 이론의 유효성을 확인하기 위한 시제시스템을 개발하였다.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국재료학회 2007년도 추계학술발표대회 및
• /
• pp.154.2-154.2
• /
• 2007

• 비파괴검사학회지
• /
• 제20권6호
• /
• pp.501-510
• /
• 2000

초음파 에코파형의 시간-주파수해석법으로 Wigner 분포와 웨이브렛 변환 등과 같은 새로운 신호처리 기법이 비파괴평가 분야에 널리 응용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 웨이브렛 변환(wavelet transform)에 의한 음속과 감쇠계수의 주파수의존성과 초음파 결함신호의 잡음제거의 유용성 유무를 실험적으로 검증하였다. Gabor 함수를 웨이브렛의 기본함수로 사용하였다. 초음파의 에코파형에 포함된 각 주파수성분의 속도와 감쇠계수의 주파수의존성을 추정할 수 있었으며, 초음파탐상에서 결함의 검출능 향상과 결함크기 산정의 정량화에 접근하기 위해 웨이브렛 변환에 의한 S/N비 신호처리 시뮬레이션 결과를 오스테나이트강 스테인레스 용접부에 가공한 EDM 노치의 초음파 결함신호에 적용한 결과 임상에코를 저감하고 S/N비를 개선하는 것이 가능하였다.

• 열처리공학회지
• /
• 제35권5호
• /
• pp.239-245
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the degree of microstructural change of materials using ultrasonic nonlinear parameters. For microstructure change, isothermal heat-treated ferritic 2.25Cr steel and low-cycle fatigue-damage copper alloy were prepared. The variation in ultrasonic nonlinearity was analyzed and evaluated through changes in hardness, ductile-brittle transition temperature, electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction tests. Ultrasonic nonlinearity of 2.25Cr steel increased rapidly during the first 1,000 hours of deterioration and then gradually increased thereafter. The variation in non-linear parameters was shown to be coarsening of carbides and an increase in the volume fraction of stable M6C carbides during heat treatment. Due to the low-cycle fatigue deformation of oxygen-free copper, the dislocation that causes lattice deformation developed in the material, distorting the propagating ultrasonic waves, and causing an increase in the ultrasonic nonlinear parameters.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.16-23
• /
• 1985

초음파 반사신호로 부터 매질의 특성을 끌어내고저 할 경우, 반사되어 오는 신호내에 포함되어 있는 여러 불요성분 때문에 그 정량성 평가에 어려움이 존재한다. 이에, 본 논문은 초음파 반사파에 주파수 스펙트럼의 우기적인 특성인 극소점 해석 기법을 통용하여 다층매질에서의 음달분포 정량화의 가능성을 논하고 있다. 이를 위해 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 행하고, 이때 고려되어야 할 간섭현상, 임피던스 차리, 감리, 두께등의 영향에 관한 검토, 그 유용성을 확인해주고 있다. 아울러 간단한 실험을 통해 그 가능성을 입양해 주고 있다.